Hybrid Solid Oxide Fuel Cell/Gas Turbine System for High Altitude Long Endurance Aerospace Missions

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ananda Himansu ◽  
Joshua E. Freeh ◽  
Christopher J. Steffen ◽  
Robert T. Tornabene ◽  
Xiao-Yen J. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Total System ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Solid Oxide Cell ◽  
Long Endurance

A system level analysis, inclusive of mass, is carried out for a cryogenic hydrogen fueled hybrid solid oxide fuel cell and bottoming gas turbine (SOFC/GT) power system. The system is designed to provide primary or secondary electrical power for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) over a high altitude, long endurance mission. The net power level and altitude are parametrically varied to examine their effect on total system mass. Some of the more important technology parameters, including turbomachinery efficiencies and the SOFC area specific resistance, are also studied for their effect on total system mass. Finally, two different solid oxide cell designs are compared to show the importance of the individual solid oxide cell design on the overall system. We show that for long mission durations of 10 days or more, the fuel mass savings resulting from the high efficiency of an SOFC/GT system more than offset the larger powerplant mass resulting from the low specific power of the SOFC/GT system. These missions therefore favor high efficiency, low power density systems, characteristics typical of fuel cell systems in general.

Analysis of Electrochemical Performance and Exergy Loss in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kousuke Nishida ◽  
Toshimi Takagi ◽  
Shinichi Kinoshita
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Exergy Loss ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Electrode Reactions ◽  
Exhaust Heat

A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is expected to be applied to the distributed energy systems because of its high thermal efficiency and exhaust gas utilization. The exhaust heat from the SOFC can be transferred to the electric power by a gas turbine, and the high efficiency power generation can be achieved by constructing the SOFC and gas turbine hybrid system. In this study, the local processes in the electrodes and electrolyte of unit SOFC are analyzed taking into account the heat conduction, mass diffusion, electrode reactions and the transport of electron and oxygen ion. The temperature and concentration distributions perpendicular to the electrolyte membrane are shown. The effects of the operating conditions on the cell performance are also shown. Furthermore, the entropy generation and exergy loss of each process in the electrodes and electrolyte are analyzed and the reason for generating the exergy loss in the SOFC is clarified. It is noted that two electrode reactions are responsible for the major exergy loss.

Investigating the Integration of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and a Gas Turbine System With Coal Gasification Technologies

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawson A. Plummer ◽  
Comas Haynes ◽  
William Wepfer
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Operating Voltage ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Hybrid Power

Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology incorporates electrochemical reactions that generate electricity and high quality heat. The coupling of this technology with gas turbine bottoming cycles, to form hybrid power systems, leads to high efficiency levels. The purpose of this study is to conceptually integrate the hybrid power system with existing and imminent coal gasification technologies through computer simulation. The gasification technologies considered for integration include the Kellogg Brown Root (KBR) Transport Reactor and Entrained Coal Gasification. Parametric studies were performed to assess the effect of changes in pertinent fuel cell stack process settings such as operating voltage, inverse equivalence ratio and fuel utilization will be varied. Power output, system efficiency and costs are the chosen dependent variables of interest. Coal gasification data and a proven SOFC model program are used to test the theoretical integration. Feasibility and economic comparisons between the new integrated system and existing conventional systems are also made.

Thermoeconomic Modeling and Parametric Study of Hybrid Solid Oxide Fuel Cell-Gas Turbine-Steam Turbine Power Plants Ranging From 1.5MWeto10MWe

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandros Arsalis ◽  
Michael R. von Spakovsky ◽  
Francesco Calise
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Parametric Study ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
System Component ◽  
Total System ◽  
Oxide Fuel

Detailed thermodynamic, kinetic, geometric, and cost models are developed, implemented, and validated for the synthesis/design and operational analysis of hybrid solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)-gas turbine-steam turbine systems ranging in size from 1.5MWeto10MWe. The fuel cell model used in this research work is based on a tubular Siemens-Westinghouse-type SOFC, which is integrated with a gas turbine and a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) integrated in turn with a steam turbine cycle. The current work considers the possible benefits of using the exhaust gases in a HRSG in order to produce steam, which drives a steam turbine for additional power output. Four different steam turbine cycles are considered in this research work: a single-pressure, a dual-pressure, a triple-pressure, and a triple-pressure with reheat. The models have been developed to function both at design (full load) and off-design (partial load) conditions. In addition, different solid oxide fuel cell sizes are examined to assure a proper selection of SOFC size based on efficiency or cost. The thermoeconomic analysis includes cost functions developed specifically for the different system and component sizes (capacities) analyzed. A parametric study is used to determine the most viable system/component syntheses/designs based on maximizing the total system efficiency or minimizing the total system life cycle cost.

scholarly journals Dynamic Simulation of a Pressurized 220kW Solid Oxide Fuel-Cell–Gas-Turbine Hybrid System: Modeled Performance Compared to Measured Results

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Roberts ◽  
J. Brouwer
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Oxide Fuel

Hybrid fuel-cell–gas-turbine (FC/GT) systems are technologically advanced systems that are promising for electric power generation with ultralow emissions and high efficiency for a large range of power plant sizes. A good understanding of the steady-state and dynamic performance of a FC/GT system is needed in order to develop and advance this hybrid technology. In this work, a detailed dynamic model of a solid oxide fuel cell/gas turbine (SOFC/GT) system has been developed. The system that is simulated represents the 220kW SOFC/GT hybrid system developed by Siemens Westinghouse. Results of the dynamic model and experimental data gathered during the operation and testing of the 220kW SOFC/GT at the National Fuel Cell Research Center are compared and presented.

A High-Efficiency Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid Power System Using the Mercury 50 Advanced Turbine Systems Gas Turbine

2002 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Lundberg ◽  
S. E. Veyo ◽  
M. D. Moeckel
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power System ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Hybrid Power

The conceptual design of a 20 MWe-class hybrid power generating system that integrates a Siemens Westinghouse pressurized solid oxide fuel cell generator with a Mercury 50 gas turbine is discussed. The Mercury 50 was designed and developed by Caterpillar/Solar Turbines during the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Advanced Turbine Systems (ATS) program, and the hybrid system design concept was evaluated during a recently completed project that was part of the DOE high efficiency fossil power plant (HEFPP) program. While achieving a high power system efficiency by the hybrid cycle approach was important, the focus of the design study was to select the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) generator capacity such that the low specific cost of the ATS gas turbine and the high efficiency of the more expensive pressurized solid oxide fuel cell (PSOFC) generator would combine optimally to produce an attractively low cost of electricity (COE) for the overall power system. The system cycle and physical characteristics are described; power, efficiency, and emissions estimates are presented; and estimates of system cost and COE are provided. In addition, two bottoming cycle options (steam turbine and ammonia turbine) are described, and performance and cost projections for each are reviewed.

Demonstration of high efficiency intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cell based on lanthanum gallate electrolyte

2006 ◽  
Vol 408-412 ◽  
pp. 512-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Inagaki ◽  
Futoshi Nishiwaki ◽  
Jirou Kanou ◽  
Satoru Yamasaki ◽  
Kei Hosoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Intermediate Temperature ◽  
Lanthanum Gallate ◽  
Oxide Fuel
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