Evaporative Cooling of Gas Turbine Engines: Climatic Analysis and Application in High Humidity Regions

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustapha Chaker ◽  
Cyrus B. Meher-Homji
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Augmentation Techniques

There are numerous power generation and mechanical drive gas turbine applications where the power drop caused by high ambient temperatures has a very detrimental effect on the production of power or process throughput. Media evaporative cooling and inlet fogging are common low cost power augmentation techniques applied to reduce these losses. Several misconceptions exist regarding the applicability of evaporative cooling to what are often called “high humidity” regions. There is a sizable evaporative cooling potential in most locations when climatic data is evaluated based on an analysis of coincident wet bulb and dry bulb data. This data is not readily available to plant users and designers. This paper provides a detailed treatment of available climatic data bases and presents actual climatic data from several world wide locations to show that considerable cooling potential actually exists even in high humidity regions. It is hoped that this paper will be of value to plant designers, engineering and operating companies that are considering the use of evaporative cooling for power augmentation.

Evaporative Cooling of Gas Turbine Engines

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustapha Chaker ◽  
Cyrus B. Meher-Homji
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
End User ◽  
Very High ◽  
Improve Reliability ◽  
Selection Of

There are numerous gas turbine applications in power generation and mechanical drive service where power drop during the periods of high ambient temperature has a very detrimental effect on the production of power or process throughput. Several geographical locations experience very high temperatures with low coincident relative humidities. In such cases media evaporative cooling can be effectively applied as a low cost power augmentation technique. Several misconceptions exist regarding their applicability to evaporative cooling, the most prevalent being that they can only be applied in extremely dry regions. This paper provides a detailed treatment of media evaporative cooling, discussing aspects that would be of value to an end user, including selection of climatic design points, constructional features of evaporative coolers, thermodynamic aspects of its effect on gas turbines, and approaches to improve reliability. It is hoped that this paper will be of value to plant designers, engineering companies, and operating companies that are considering the use of media evaporative cooling.

Inlet Fogging of Gas Turbine Engines Detailed Climatic Analysis of Gas Turbine Evaporation Cooling Potential in the USA

2002 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 300-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Chaker ◽  
C. B. Meher-Homji ◽  
T. Mee ◽  
A. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Direct Evaporative Cooling ◽  
The Hours ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The U.S

Inlet fogging of gas turbine engines has attained considerable popularity due to the ease of installation and the relatively low first cost compared to other inlet cooling methods. With increasing demand for power and with shortage envisioned especially during the peak load times during the summers, there is a need to boost gas turbine power. There is a sizable evaporative cooling potential throughout the world when the climatic data is evaluated based on an analysis of coincident wet bulb and dry bulk information. These data are not readily available to plant users. In this paper, a detailed climatic analysis is made of 122 locations in the U.S. to provide the hours of cooling that can be obtained by direct evaporative cooling. These data will allow gas turbine operators to easily make an assessment of the economics of evaporative cooling. The paper also covers an introduction to direct evaporative cooling and the methodology and data analysis used to derive the cooling potential in different regions of the U.S. Simulation runs have been made for gas turbine simple cycles using a reference plant based on a GE Frame 7111EA gas turbine at the 122 locations studied in the U.S. to provide a feel for the sensitivity of operation with inlet fogging.

Evaporative Cooling of Gas Turbine Engines

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustapha Chaker ◽  
Cyrus B. Meher-Homji
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
End User ◽  
Very High ◽  
Improve Reliability ◽  
Selection Of

There are numerous gas turbine applications in power generation and mechanical drive service where power drop during the periods of high ambient temperature has a very detrimental effect on the production of power or process throughput. Several geographical locations experience very high temperatures with low coincident relative humidities. In such cases media evaporative cooling can be effectively applied as a low cost power augmentation technique. Several misconceptions exist regarding their applicability of evaporative cooling the most prevalent being that they can only be applied in extremely dry regions. This paper provides a detailed treatment of media evaporative cooling, discussing aspects that would be of value to an end user including selection of climatic design points, constructional features of evaporative coolers, thermodynamic aspects of its effect on gas turbines and approaches to improve reliability. It is hoped that this paper will be of value to plant designers, engineering companies and operating companies that are considering the use of media evaporative cooling.

Inlet Fogging of Gas Turbine Engines: Climatic Analysis of Gas Turbine Evaporative Cooling Potential of International Locations

2006 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 815-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustapha Chaker ◽  
Cyrus B. Meher-Homji
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Direct Evaporative Cooling ◽  
The World ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Increasing Demand

Inlet fogging of gas turbine engines has attained considerable popularity due to the ease of installation and the relatively low first cost compared to other inlet cooling methods. With increasing demand for power and with shortages envisioned especially during the peak load times during the summers, there is a need to boost gas turbine power. There is a sizable evaporative cooling potential throughout the world when the climatic data is evaluated based on an analysis of coincident wet bulb and dry bulb information. These data are not readily available to plant users. In this paper, a detailed climatic analysis is made of 106 major locations over the world to provide the hours of cooling that can be obtained by direct evaporative cooling. This data will allow gas turbine operators to easily make an assessment of the economics of evaporative fogging. The paper also covers an introduction to direct evaporative cooling and the methodology and data analysis used to derive the cooling potential. Simulation runs have been made for gas turbine simple cycles showing effects of fogging for a GE Frame 7EA and a GE Frame 9FA Gas turbine for 60 and 50 Hz applications.

Inlet Fogging of Gas Turbine Engines: Detailed Climatic Analysis of Gas Turbine Evaporative Cooling Potential

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustapha Chaker ◽  
Cyrus B. Meher-Homji ◽  
Thomas Mee ◽  
Alex Nicolson
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Direct Evaporative Cooling ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Increasing Demand

Inlet fogging of gas turbine engines has attained considerable popularity due to the ease of installation and the relatively low first cost compared to other inlet cooling methods. With increasing demand for power and with shortages envisioned especially during the peak load times during the summers, there is a need to boost gas turbine power. There is a sizable evaporative cooling potential throughout the world when the climatic data is evaluated based on an analysis of coincident wet bulb and dry bulb information. This data is not readily available to plant users. In this paper, a detailed climatic analysis is made of 122 locations in the US to provide the hours of cooling that can be obtained by direct evaporative cooling. This data will allow gas turbine operators to easily make an assessment of the economics of evaporative cooling. The paper also covers an introduction to direct evaporative cooling and the methodology and data analysis used to derive the cooling potential in different regions of the US. Simulation runs have been made for gas turbine simple cycles using a reference plant based on a GE Frame 7111EA gas turbine at the 122 locations studied in the US to provide a feel for the sensitivity of operation with inlet fogging.

Inlet Fogging of Gas Turbine Engines: Climatic Analysis of Gas Turbine Evaporative Cooling Potential of International Locations

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustapha Chaker ◽  
Cyrus B. Meher-Homji
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Direct Evaporative Cooling ◽  
The World ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Increasing Demand

Inlet fogging of gas turbine engines has attained considerable popularity due to the ease of installation and the relatively low first cost compared to other inlet cooling methods. With increasing demand for power and with shortages envisioned especially during the peak load times during the summers, there is a need to boost gas turbine power. There is a sizable evaporative cooling potential throughout the world when the climatic data is evaluated based on an analysis of coincident wet bulb and dry bulb information. This data is not readily available to plant users. In this paper, a detailed climatic analysis is made of 106 major locations over the world to provide the hours of cooling that can be obtained by direct evaporative cooling. This data will allow gas turbine operators to easily make an assessment of the economics of evaporative fogging. The paper also covers an introduction to direct evaporative cooling and the methodology and data analysis used to derive the cooling potential. Simulation runs have been made for gas turbine simple cycles showing effects of fogging for a GE Frame 7EA and a GE Frame 9FA Gas turbine for 60 and 50 Hz applications.

Design, Development and Application of Vehicle Gas Turbine Engines

1966 ◽  
Vol 181 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-172
Author(s):  
P. A. Phillips ◽  
Peter Spear
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cycle Temperature

After briefly summarizing worldwide automotive gas turbine activity, the paper analyses the power plant requirements of a wide range of vehicle applications in order to formulate the design criteria for acceptable vehicle gas turbines. Ample data are available on the thermodynamic merits of various gas turbine cycles; however, the low cost of its piston engine competitor tends to eliminate all but the simplest cycles from vehicle gas turbine considerations. In order to improve the part load fuel economy, some complexity is inevitable, but this is limited to the addition of a glass ceramic regenerator in the 150 b.h.p. engine which is described in some detail. The alternative further complications necessary to achieve satisfactory vehicle response at various power/weight ratios are examined. Further improvement in engine performance will come by increasing the maximum cycle temperature. This can be achieved at lower cost by the extension of the use of ceramics. The paper is intended to stimulate the design application of the gas turbine engine.

scholarly journals Inlet Air Fogging of Marine Gas Turbine in Power Output Loss Compensation

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zygfryd Domachowski ◽  
Marek Dzida
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Output Loss ◽  
Direct Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Loss Compensation ◽  
The World

Abstract The use of inlet air fogging installation to boost the power for gas turbine engines is widely applied in the power generation sector. The application of fogging to mechanical drive is rarely considered in literature [1]. This paper will cover some considerations relating to its application for gas turbines in ship drive. There is an important evaporative cooling potential throughout the world, when the dynamic data is evaluated, based on an analysis of coincident wet and dry bulb information. This data will allow ships’ gas turbine operators to make an assessment of the economics of evaporative fogging. The paper represents an introduction to the methodology and data analysis to derive the direct evaporative cooling potential to be used in marine gas turbine power output loss compensation.

Computational Investigation on Centrifugal Compressor Performance at Various Altitudes

2011 ◽  
Vol 230-232 ◽  
pp. 1123-1128
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Zhen Luo
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Ambient Temperatures

Small gas turbine engines have been considered as a potential and popular mean of propulsion for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). With the advantage of high thrust/power-to-weight-ratio from these engines, small aircraft can have larger payload allowance and higher altitude capability. However, at present, these gas turbine engines are not mature enough to perform critical mission for UAV. To be used for such critical mission, these gas turbine engines need a better reliability, efficiency and endurance. The capability of the engine to work efficiently in conditions at different altitude with the variant of air density is a critical factor related to higher operational ceiling. Hence this work aims to present a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation approach focusing on centrifugal compressors which are applied to turbo machines. A computational method is developed for studying the performance of small gas turbine engines over a range of altitude and ambient temperatures under different engine rates, and a centrifugal compressor simulation model is generated by using CFD techniques. Through numerical solutions obtained for different mesh sets the finest mesh of the model was determined. The performance curves obtained by the CFD simulation has been compared with the results obtained from the analytical method.

Extreme Temperature Coatings for Future Gas Turbine Engines

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Alvin ◽  
B. Gleeson ◽  
K. Klotz ◽  
B. McMordie ◽  
B. Warnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Cyclic Testing ◽  
Barrier Coating ◽  
Regional University ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
External Coating

The National Energy Technology Laboratory-Regional University Alliance (NETL-RUA) has been developing extreme temperature coating systems that consist of a diffusion barrier coating (DBC), a low-cost wet slurry bond coat, a commercial yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thermal barrier coating (TBC), and an extreme temperature external coating that are deposited along the surface of nickel-based superalloys and single crystal metal substrates. Thermal cyclic testing of these multi-layer coatings was conducted in steam-containing environments at temperatures ranging between 1100–1550°C. This paper discusses the response of these materials during bench-scale testing, and their potential use in advanced H- and J-class land-based gas turbine engines.

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