The Concept of Adiabatic Heat Transfer Coefficient and its Application to Turbomachinery

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinaldo A. Gomes ◽  
Reinhard Niehuis
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Constant Heat Flux ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Constant Wall Temperature ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Thermal Boundary Conditions ◽  
Critical Components

Typical turbomachinery flows are too complex to be predicted by analytical solutions alone. Therefore numerous correlations and test data are used in conjunction with numerical tools in order to design thermally critical components. This approach can be problematic because these correlations and data are not fully independent of the boundary conditions applied. The heat transfer coefficients obtained are not only dependent on the aerodynamics of the flow but also on the thermal boundary layer created along the surface. The adiabatic heat transfer coefficient is the only one which is independent of the thermal boundary conditions, as long as the energy equation can be considered linear with respect to the temperature. However, a proper prediction of the surface temperature cannot be obtained with the adiabatic heat transfer coefficient alone. This paper first reviews the concept of adiabatic heat transfer coefficient and its application to turbomachinery flows. Later, a concept is introduced to allow interchanging between different definitions of heat transfer coefficient and boundary conditions, i.e. constant heat flux or constant wall temperature. Finally, a typical configuration for measuring the adiabatic heat transfer coefficient on a turbine blade and the conversion to other definitions of heat transfer coefficient is presented and evaluated. It is shown that with the technique presented here even small deficiencies of some experiments can be compensated for.

Heat Transfer Contributions of Pins and Endwall in Pin-Fin Arrays: Effects of Thermal Boundary Condition Modeling

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Chyu ◽  
Y. C. Hsing ◽  
T. I.-P. Shih ◽  
V. Natarajan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Pin Fin ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Thermal Boundary Conditions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Pin Fin Arrays

Short pin-fin arrays are often used for cooling turbine airfoils, particularly near the trailing edge. An accurate heat transfer estimation from a pin-fin array should account for the total heat transfer over the entire wetted surface, which includes the pin surfaces and uncovered endwalls. One design question frequently raised is the actual magnitudes of heat transfer coefficients on both pins and endwalls. Results from earlier studies have led to different and often contradicting conclusions. This variation, in part, is caused by imperfect or unrealistic thermal boundary conditions prescribed in the individual test models. Either pins or endwalls, but generally not both, were heated in those previous studies. Using a mass transfer analogy based on the naphthalene sublimation technique, the present experiment is capable of revealing the individual heat transfer contributions from pins and endwalls with the entire wetted surface thermally active. The particular pin-fin geometry investigated, S/D = X/D = 2.5 and H/D = 1.0, is considered to be one of the optimal array arrangement for turbine airfoil cooling. Both inline and staggered arrays with the identical geometric parameters are studied for 5000 ≤ Re ≤ 25,000. The present results reveal that the general trends of the row-resolved heat transfer coefficients on either pins or endwalls are somewhat insensitive to the nature of thermal boundary conditions prescribed on the test surface. However, the actual magnitudes of heat transfer coefficients can be substantially different, due to variations in the flow bulk temperature. The present study also concludes that the pins have consistently 10 to 20 percent higher heat transfer coefficient than the endwalls. However, such a difference in heat transfer coefficient imposes very insignificant influence on the overall array-averaged heat transfer, since the wetted area of the uncovered endwalls is nearly four times greater than that of the pins.

scholarly journals Heat Transfer Contributions of Pins and Endwall in Pin-Fin Arrays: Effects of Thermal Boundary Condition Modeling

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Chyu ◽  
Y. C. Hsing ◽  
T. I.-P. Shih ◽  
V. Natarajan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Pin Fin ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Thermal Boundary Conditions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Pin Fin Arrays

Short pin-fin arrays are often used for cooling turbine airfoils, particularly near the trailing edge. An accurate heat transfer estimation from a pin-fin array should account for the total heat transfer over the entire wetted surface which includes the pin surfaces and uncovered end walls. One design question frequently raised is the actual magnitudes of heat transfer coefficients on both pins and endwalls. Results from earlier studies have led to different and often contradicting conclusions. This variation, in part, is caused by imperfect or unrealistic thermal boundary conditions prescribed in the individual test models. Either pins or endwalls, but generally not both, were heated in those previous studies. Using a mass transfer analogy based on the naphthalene sublimation technique, the present experiment is capable of revealing the individual heat transfer contributions from pins and endwalls with the entire wetted surface thermally active. The particular pin-fin geometry investigated, S/D = X/D = 2.5 and H/D = 1.0, is considered to be one of the optimal array arrangement for turbine airfoil cooling. Both inline and staggered arrays with the identical geometric parameters are studied for 5,000 ≤ Re ≤ 25,000. The present results reveal that the general trends of the row-resolved heat transfer coefficients on either pins or endwalls are somewhat insensitive to the nature of thermal boundary conditions prescribed on the test surface. However, the actual magnitudes of heat transfer coefficients can be substantially different, due to variations in the flow bulk temperature. The present study also concludes that the pins have consistently 10 to 20% higher heat transfer coefficient than the endwalls. However, such a difference in heat transfer coefficient imposes very insignificant influence on the overall array-averaged heat transfer, since the wetted area of the uncovered endwalls is nearly four times greater than that of the pins.

Paper 29: Heat Transfer during Two-Component Mist Flow across a Heated Cylinder

1967 ◽  
Vol 182 (8) ◽  
pp. 277-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. C. Finlay ◽  
T. McMillan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Water Mist ◽  
Constant Heat Flux ◽  
Surface Heat ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Surface Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Surface Heat Transfer Coefficient

The results of a study of heat transfer and hydrodynamic phenomena during flow of an air-water mist across a heated, horizontal cylinder are reported. Local and average heat-transfer coefficients have been obtained, under conditions of constant heat flux, on the outer surface of a 19-mm outside diameter cylinder. Air flow rates corresponding to approach velocities of 20–75 m/s have been explored with mixture qualities in the range 0–9 per cent by weight of liquid phase. Heat-transfer coefficients were found to be strongly dependent on mixture quality, and increases in the average value of the surface heat-transfer coefficient of twenty times the corresponding dry gas values were recorded with mixture qualities approaching 9 per cent by weight of liquid. Under all conditions explored, a liquid layer was observed to form over the front half of the tube, between forward stagnation and separation. An intense bouncing or splashing action of droplets impinging on this layer was observed and measured. Average values of surface heat-transfer coefficient were found to be correlated in terms of the quality and Reynolds number of the mixture and of Nusselt numbers based on average and stagnation point heat-transfer coefficients.

scholarly journals Systematic heat transfer measurements in highly viscous binary fluids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Christin Fleer ◽  
Markus Richter ◽  
Roland Span
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Volatile Component ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
The Heat Transfer Coefficient

AbstractInvestigations of flow boiling in highly viscous fluids show that heat transfer mechanisms in such fluids are different from those in fluids of low viscosity like refrigerants or water. To gain a better understanding, a modified standard apparatus was developed; it was specifically designed for fluids of high viscosity up to 1000 Pa∙s and enables heat transfer measurements with a single horizontal test tube over a wide range of heat fluxes. Here, we present measurements of the heat transfer coefficient at pool boiling conditions in highly viscous binary mixtures of three different polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) and n-pentane, which is the volatile component in the mixture. Systematic measurements were carried out to investigate pool boiling in mixtures with a focus on the temperature, the viscosity of the non-volatile component and the fraction of the volatile component on the heat transfer coefficient. Furthermore, copper test tubes with polished and sanded surfaces were used to evaluate the influence of the surface structure on the heat transfer coefficient. The results show that viscosity and composition of the mixture have the strongest effect on the heat transfer coefficient in highly viscous mixtures, whereby the viscosity of the mixture depends on the base viscosity of the used PDMS, on the concentration of n-pentane in the mixture, and on the temperature. For nucleate boiling, the influence of the surface structure of the test tube is less pronounced than observed in boiling experiments with pure fluids of low viscosity, but the relative enhancement of the heat transfer coefficient is still significant. In particular for mixtures with high concentrations of the volatile component and at high pool temperature, heat transfer coefficients increase with heat flux until they reach a maximum. At further increased heat fluxes the heat transfer coefficients decrease again. Observed temperature differences between heating surface and pool are much larger than for boiling fluids with low viscosity. Temperature differences up to 137 K (for a mixture containing 5% n-pentane by mass at a heat flux of 13.6 kW/m2) were measured.

Experimental Study of Evaporation Heat Transfer Characteristics and Pressure Drops of R410A and R134a in a Multiport Mini-Channel

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jatuporn Kaew-On ◽  
Somchai Wongwises
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Pressure Drops ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Evaporation Heat ◽  
Evaporation Heat Transfer ◽  
R 134A

The evaporation heat transfer coefficients and pressure drops of R-410A and R-134a flowing through a horizontal-aluminium rectangular multiport mini-channel having a hydraulic diameter of 3.48 mm are experimentally investigated. The test runs are done at refrigerant mass fluxes ranging between 200 and 400 kg/m2s. The heat fluxes are between 5 and 14.25 kW/m2, and refrigerant saturation temperatures are between 10 and 30 °C. The effects of the refrigerant vapour quality, mass flux, saturation temperature and imposed heat flux on the measured heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop are investigated. The experimental data show that in the same conditions, the heat transfer coefficients of R-410A are about 20–50% higher than those of R-134a, whereas the pressure drops of R-410A are around 50–100% lower than those of R-134a. The new correlations for the evaporation heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop of R-410A and R-134a in a multiport mini-channel are proposed for practical applications.

Experimental Evidence of Temperature Ratio Effect on Turbine Blade Tip Heat Transfer

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Jiang ◽  
Q. Zhang ◽  
L. He ◽  
S. Lu ◽  
L. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Turbine Blade ◽  
Tip Clearance ◽  
Temperature Ratio ◽  
Thermal Boundary Conditions ◽  
Thermal Measurements

Determination of a scalable Nusselt number (based on “adiabatic heat transfer coefficient”) has been the primary objective of the most existing heat transfer experimental studies. Based on the assumption that the wall thermal boundary conditions do not affect the flow field, the thermal measurements were mostly carried out at near adiabatic condition without matching the engine realistic wall-to-gas temperature ratio (TR). Recent numerical studies raised a question on the validity of this conventional practice in some applications, especially for turbine blade. Due to the relatively low thermal inertia of the over-tip-leakage (OTL) flow within the thin clearance, the fluids' transport properties vary greatly with different wall thermal boundary conditions and the two-way coupling between OTL aerodynamics and heat transfer cannot be neglected. The issue could become more severe when the gas turbine manufacturers are making effort to achieve much tighter clearance. However, there has been no experimental evidence to back up these numerical findings. In this study, transient thermal measurements were conducted in a high-temperature linear cascade rig for a range of tip clearance ratio (G/S) (0.3%, 0.4%, 0.6%, and 1%). Surface temperature history was captured by infrared thermography at a range of wall-to-gas TRs. Heat transfer coefficient (HTC) distributions were obtained based on a conventional data processing technique. The profound influence of tip surface thermal boundary condition on heat transfer and OTL flow was revealed by the first-of-its-kind experimental data obtained in the present experimental study.

Calculation of Hourly Output of a Solar Still

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. B. Sharma ◽  
S. C. Mullick
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Heat Balance ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Balance Equations ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Hourly Output ◽  
The Heat Balance

An approximate method for calculation of the hourly output of a solar still over a 24-hour cycle has been studied. The hourly performance of a solar still is predicted given the values of the insolation, ambient temperature, wind heat-transfer coefficient, water depth, and the heat-transfer coefficient through base and sides. The proposed method does not require graphical constructions and does not assume constant heat-transfer coefficients as in the previous methods. The possibility of using the values of the heat-transfer coefficients for the preceding time interval in the heat balance equations is examined. In fact, two variants of the basic method of calculation are examined. The hourly rate of evaporation is obtained. The results are compared to those obtained by numerical solution of the complete set of heat balance equations. The errors from the approximate method in prediction of the 24-hour output are within ±1.5 percent of the values from the numerical solution using the heat balance equations. The range of variables covered is 5 to 15 cms in water depth, 0 to 3 W/m2K in a heat-transfer coefficient through base and sides, and 5 to 40 W/m2K in a wind heat-transfer coefficient.

The Measurement of Full-Surface Internal Heat Transfer Coefficients for Turbine Airfoils Using a Non-Destructive Thermal Inertia Technique

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirm V. Nirmalan ◽  
Ronald S. Bunker ◽  
Carl R. Hedlung
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
External Surface ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Turbine Airfoils ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Internal Heat Transfer

A new method has been developed and demonstrated for the non-destructive, quantitative assessment of internal heat transfer coefficient distributions of cooled metallic turbine airfoils. The technique employs the acquisition of full-surface external surface temperature data in response to a thermal transient induced by internal heating/cooling, in conjunction with knowledge of the part wall thickness and geometry, material properties, and internal fluid temperatures. An imaging Infrared camera system is used to record the complete time history of the external surface temperature response during a transient initiated by the introduction of a convecting fluid through the cooling circuit of the part. The transient data obtained is combined with the cooling fluid network model to provide the boundary conditions for a finite element model representing the complete part geometry. A simple 1D lumped thermal capacitance model for each local wall position is used to provide a first estimate of the internal surface heat transfer coefficient distribution. A 3D inverse transient conduction model of the part is then executed with updated internal heat transfer coefficients until convergence is reached with the experimentally measured external wall temperatures as a function of time. This new technique makes possible the accurate quantification of full-surface internal heat transfer coefficient distributions for prototype and production metallic airfoils in a totally non-destructive and non-intrusive manner. The technique is equally applicable to other material types and other cooled/heated components.

scholarly journals FORCED CONVECTION DRYING OF INDIAN GROUNDNUT: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 467
Author(s):  
Ravinder Kumar Sahdev ◽  
Mahesh Kumar ◽  
Ashwani Kumar Dhingra
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Forced Convection ◽  
Experimental Error ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Evaporative Heat Transfer

In this paper, convective and evaporative heat transfer coefficients of the Indian groundnut were computed under indoor forced convection drying (IFCD) mode. The groundnuts were dried as a single thin layer with the help of a laboratory dryer till the optimum safe moisture storage level of 8 – 10%. The experimental data were used to determine the values of experimental constants C and n in the Nusselt number expression by a simple linear regression analysis and consequently, the convective heat transfer coefficient (CHTC) was determined. The values of CHTC were used to calculate the evaporative heat transfer coefficient (EHTC). The average values of CHTC and EHTC were found to be 2.48 W/m2 oC and 35.08 W/m2 oC, respectively. The experimental error in terms of percent uncertainty was also estimated. The experimental error in terms of percent uncertainty was found to be 42.55%. The error bars for convective and evaporative heat transfer coefficients are also shown for the groundnut drying under IFCD condition.

Heat Transfer Enhancement by Turbulent Impinging Jets

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kumagai ◽  
R. S. Amano ◽  
M. K. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Local Heat Transfer ◽  
Local Heat ◽  
Impinging Jets ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients

Abstract A numerical and experimental investigation on cooling of a solid surface was performed by studying the behavior of an impinging jet onto a fixed flat target. The local heat transfer coefficient distributions on a plate with a constant heat flux were computationally investigated with a normally impinging axisymmetric jet for nozzle diameter of 4.6mm at H/d = 4 and 10, with the Reynolds numbers of 10,000 and 40,000. The two-dimensional cylindrical Navier-Stokes equations were solved using a two-equation k-ε turbulence model. The finite-volume differencing scheme was used to solve the thermal and flow fields. The predicted heat transfer coefficients were compared with experimental measurements. A universal function based on the wave equation was developed and applied to the heat transfer model to improve calculated local heat transfer coefficients for short nozzle-to-plate distance (H/d = 4). The differences between H/d = 4 and 10 due to the correlation among heat transfer coefficient, kinetic energy and pressure were investigated for the impingement region. Predictions by the present model show good agreement with the experimental data.

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