Étude on Gas Turbine Combined Cycle Power Plant: Next 20 Years

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Can Gülen
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
United States Department ◽  
States Department ◽  
Combined Cycle Power Plant ◽  
Development Path ◽  
Utility Scale ◽  
Year 2000

In 1992, United States Department of Energy’s Advanced Turbine Systems program established a target of 60% efficiency for utility scale gas turbine power plants to be achieved by the year 2000. Although the program led to numerous technology breakthroughs, it took another decade for an actual combined cycle power plant with an H class gas turbine to reach (and surpass) the target efficiency. Today, another target benchmark, 65% efficiency, circulates frequently in trade publications and engineering journals with scant support from existing technology, its development path as well as material limits, and almost no regard to theoretical (e.g., underlying physics) and practical (e.g., cost, complexity, reliability and constructability) concerns. This paper attempts to put such claims to test and establish the room left for gas turbine combined cycle (GTCC) growth in the next two decades. The analysis and conclusions are firmly based on fundamental thermodynamic principles with carefully and precisely laid out assumptions and supported by rigorous calculations. The goal is to arm the practicing engineer with a consistent, coherent and self-standing reference to critically evaluate claims, predictions and other futuristic information pertaining to GTCC technology.

Étude on Gas Turbine Combined Cycle Power Plant—Next 20 Years

2015 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Can Gülen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
United States Department ◽  
States Department ◽  
Development Path ◽  
Utility Scale ◽  
Year 2000

In 1992, United States Department of Energy's (DOE) Advanced Turbine Systems (ATS) program established a target of 60% efficiency for utility scale gas turbine (GT) power plants to be achieved by the year 2000. Although the program led to numerous technology breakthroughs, it took another decade for an actual combined cycle (CC) power plant with an H class GT to reach (and surpass) the target efficiency. Today, another target benchmark, 65% efficiency, circulates frequently in trade publications and engineering journals with scant support from existing technology, its development path as well as material limits, and almost no regard to theoretical (e.g., underlying physics) and practical (e.g., cost, complexity, reliability, and constructability) concerns. This paper attempts to put such claims to test and establish the room left for gas turbine combined cycle (GTCC) growth in the next two decades. The analysis and conclusions are firmly based on fundamental thermodynamic principles with carefully and precisely laid out assumptions and supported by rigorous calculations. The goal is to arm the practicing engineer with a consistent, coherent, and self-standing reference to critically evaluate claims, predictions, and other futuristic information pertaining to GTCC technology.

Introducing the 1S.W501G Single-Shaft Combined-Cycle Reference Power Plant

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Engelbert ◽  
Joseph J. Fadok ◽  
Robert A. Fuller ◽  
Bernd Lueneburg
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Future Market ◽  
Combined Cycle Power Plant ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Fast Start ◽  
Plant Efficiency

Driven by the requirements of the US electric power market, the suppliers of power plants are challenged to reconcile both plant efficiency and operating flexibility. It is also anticipated that the future market will require more power plants with increased power density by means of a single gas turbine based combined-cycle plant. Paramount for plant efficiency is a highly efficient gas turbine and a state-of-the-art bottoming cycle, which are well harmonized. Also, operating and dispatch flexibility requires a bottoming cycle that has fast start, shutdown and cycling capabilities to support daily start and stop cycles. In order to meet these requirements the author’s company is responding with the development of the single-shaft 1S.W501G combined-cycle power plant. This nominal 400MW class plant will be equipped with the highly efficient W501G gas turbine, hydrogen-cooled generator, single side exhausting KN steam turbine and a Benson™ once-through heat recovery steam generator (Benson™-OT HRSG). The single-shaft 1S.W501G design will allow the plant not only to be operated economically during periods of high demand, but also to compete in the traditional “one-hour-forward” trading market that is served today only by simple-cycle gas turbines. By designing the plant with fast-start capability, start-up emissions, fuel and water consumption will be dramatically reduced. This Reference Power Plant (RPP) therefore represents a logical step in the evolution of combined-cycle power plant designs. It combines both the experiences of the well-known 50Hz single-shaft 1S.V94.3A plant with the fast start plant features developed for the 2.W501F multi-shaft RPP. The paper will address results of the single-shaft 1S.W501G development program within the authors’ company.

Second Law Efficiency of the Rankine Bottoming Cycle of a Combined Cycle Power Plant

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Can Gulen ◽  
Raub W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Combined Cycle Power Plant

A significant portion of the new electrical generating capacity installed in the past decade has employed heavy-duty gas turbines operating in a combined cycle configuration with a steam turbine bottoming cycle. In these power plants approximately one third of the power is generated by the bottoming cycle. To ensure that the highest possible combined cycle efficiency is realized it is important to develop the combined cycle power plant as a system. Doing so requires a solid understanding of the efficiency entitlement of both, topping and bottoming, cycles separately and as a whole. This paper describes a simple but accurate method to estimate the Rankine bottoming cycle power output directly from the gas turbine exhaust exergy utilizing the second law of thermodynamics. The classical first law approach, i.e. the heat and mass balance method, requires lengthy calculations and complex computer-based modeling tools to evaluate Rankine bottoming cycle performance. In this paper, a rigorous application of the fundamental thermodynamic principles embodied by the second law to the major cycle components clearly demonstrates that the Rankine cycle performance can be accurately represented by several key parameters. The power of the second law approach lies in its ability to highlight the theoretical entitlement and state-of-the-art design performances simultaneously via simple, fundamental relationships. By considering economically and technologically feasible upper limits for the key parameters, the maximum achievable bottoming cycle power output is readily calculable for any given gas turbine from its exhaust exergy.

Second Law Efficiency of the Rankine Bottoming Cycle of a Combined Cycle Power Plant

2009 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Can Gülen ◽  
Raub W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Combined Cycle Power Plant

A significant portion of the new electrical generating capacity installed in the past decade has employed heavy-duty gas turbines operating in a combined cycle configuration with a steam turbine bottoming cycle. In these power plants approximately one-third of the power is generated by the bottoming cycle. To ensure that the highest possible combined cycle efficiency is realized it is important to develop the combined cycle power plant as a system. Doing so requires a solid understanding of the efficiency entitlement of both, topping and bottoming, cycles separately and as a whole. This paper describes a simple but accurate method to estimate the Rankine bottoming cycle power output directly from the gas turbine exhaust exergy, utilizing the second law of thermodynamics. The classical first law approach, i.e., the heat and mass balance method, requires lengthy calculations and complex computer-based modeling tools to evaluate Rankine bottoming cycle performance. In this paper, a rigorous application of the fundamental thermodynamic principles embodied by the second law to the major cycle components clearly demonstrates that the Rankine cycle performance can be accurately represented by several key parameters. The power of the second law approach lies in its ability to highlight the theoretical entitlement and state-of-the-art design performances simultaneously via simple fundamental relationships. By considering economically and technologically feasible upper limits for the key parameters, the maximum achievable bottoming cycle power output is readily calculable for any given gas turbine from its exhaust exergy.

Power Augmentation Study of an Existing Combined Cycle Power Plant by Overspray Inlet Fogging

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiao-Wei D. Chiang ◽  
Pai-Yi Wang ◽  
Hsin-Lung Li
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Combined Cycle Power Plant ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
Increasing Demand

With increasing demand for power and with shortages envisioned especially during the peak load times during the summer, there is a need to boost gas turbine power. In Taiwan, most of gas turbines operate with combined cycle for base load. Only a small portion of gas turbines operates with simple cycle for peak load. To prevent the electric shortage due to derating of power plants in hot days, the power augmentation strategies for combined cycles need to be studied in advance. As a solution, our objective is to add an overspray inlet fogging system into an existing gas turbine-based combined cycle power plant (CCPP) to study the effects. Simulation runs were made for adding an overspray inlet fogging system to the CCPP under various ambient conditions. The overspray percentage effects on the CCPP thermodynamic performance are also included in this paper. Results demonstrated that the CCPP net power augmentation depends on the percentage of overspray under site average ambient conditions. This paper also included CCPP performance parametric studies in order to propose overspray inlet fogging guidelines for combined cycle power augmentation.

A Program for the Evaluation of Pollutant Emissions in Combined Cycle Power Plants With Supplementary Firing

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bettocchi ◽  
M. Pinelli ◽  
P. R. Spina
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Emission Model ◽  
Combined Cycle Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustors ◽  
Numerical Predictions

In this paper, a one-dimensional program for evaluating pollutant emissions in combined cycle power plant with supplementary firing is presented. The program uses Chemical Reactors analysis based on a Perfectly Stirred Reactor approach in conjunction with an emission model that simulates a detailed chemical kinetic scheme for combustion process modelling. The program allows the evaluation of the main pollutant emissions deriving from natural gas and oil combustion. In order to simulate combustion systems that can be found in a fired combined cycle power plant, the developed program presents some extended features with respect to programs developed for gas turbine combustors only. In order to reproduce a wide typology of combustors, the combustor geometry is represented using two characteristic dimensions (hydraulic diameter and length) and the considered domain is divided into reactors in series (along the axial direction) and in parallel (along the radial direction). The temperature in each reactor is determined taking into account both the convective and the radiative heat transfer between hot gases and walls. The program has been applied to two cases. In the first the numerical predictions have been compared with available experimental data relative to two gas turbine combustors. In the second case the program has been instead applied to a cylindrical test burner designed in accordance with EN 267 European Standard. The obtained results are acceptable from an engineering point of view and have been considered sufficiently accurate for this preliminary set-up phase of the model.

Influence of Inlet Guide Vane Control on Combined Cycle Power Plant Transients

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zygfryd Domachovski ◽  
Merek Dzida
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Position Control ◽  
Guide Vane ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Guide Vane ◽  
Combined Cycle Power Plant ◽  
Exhaust Temperature ◽  
Turbine Efficiency

The gas turbine efficiency drops quickly at part load as it is very dependant on turbine firing temperature. Therefore in combined cycle power plants the inlet guide vane is adjusted to maintain the high combustion chamber exhaust temperature. Simulations on influence of the inlet guide vane position control on combined cycle power plant transients have been carried out.

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