Introducing the 1S.W501G Single-Shaft Combined-Cycle Reference Power Plant

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Engelbert ◽  
Joseph J. Fadok ◽  
Robert A. Fuller ◽  
Bernd Lueneburg
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Future Market ◽  
Combined Cycle Power Plant ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Fast Start ◽  
Plant Efficiency

Driven by the requirements of the US electric power market, the suppliers of power plants are challenged to reconcile both plant efficiency and operating flexibility. It is also anticipated that the future market will require more power plants with increased power density by means of a single gas turbine based combined-cycle plant. Paramount for plant efficiency is a highly efficient gas turbine and a state-of-the-art bottoming cycle, which are well harmonized. Also, operating and dispatch flexibility requires a bottoming cycle that has fast start, shutdown and cycling capabilities to support daily start and stop cycles. In order to meet these requirements the author’s company is responding with the development of the single-shaft 1S.W501G combined-cycle power plant. This nominal 400MW class plant will be equipped with the highly efficient W501G gas turbine, hydrogen-cooled generator, single side exhausting KN steam turbine and a Benson™ once-through heat recovery steam generator (Benson™-OT HRSG). The single-shaft 1S.W501G design will allow the plant not only to be operated economically during periods of high demand, but also to compete in the traditional “one-hour-forward” trading market that is served today only by simple-cycle gas turbines. By designing the plant with fast-start capability, start-up emissions, fuel and water consumption will be dramatically reduced. This Reference Power Plant (RPP) therefore represents a logical step in the evolution of combined-cycle power plant designs. It combines both the experiences of the well-known 50Hz single-shaft 1S.V94.3A plant with the fast start plant features developed for the 2.W501F multi-shaft RPP. The paper will address results of the single-shaft 1S.W501G development program within the authors’ company.

Second Law Efficiency of the Rankine Bottoming Cycle of a Combined Cycle Power Plant

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Can Gulen ◽  
Raub W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Combined Cycle Power Plant

A significant portion of the new electrical generating capacity installed in the past decade has employed heavy-duty gas turbines operating in a combined cycle configuration with a steam turbine bottoming cycle. In these power plants approximately one third of the power is generated by the bottoming cycle. To ensure that the highest possible combined cycle efficiency is realized it is important to develop the combined cycle power plant as a system. Doing so requires a solid understanding of the efficiency entitlement of both, topping and bottoming, cycles separately and as a whole. This paper describes a simple but accurate method to estimate the Rankine bottoming cycle power output directly from the gas turbine exhaust exergy utilizing the second law of thermodynamics. The classical first law approach, i.e. the heat and mass balance method, requires lengthy calculations and complex computer-based modeling tools to evaluate Rankine bottoming cycle performance. In this paper, a rigorous application of the fundamental thermodynamic principles embodied by the second law to the major cycle components clearly demonstrates that the Rankine cycle performance can be accurately represented by several key parameters. The power of the second law approach lies in its ability to highlight the theoretical entitlement and state-of-the-art design performances simultaneously via simple, fundamental relationships. By considering economically and technologically feasible upper limits for the key parameters, the maximum achievable bottoming cycle power output is readily calculable for any given gas turbine from its exhaust exergy.

Second Law Efficiency of the Rankine Bottoming Cycle of a Combined Cycle Power Plant

2009 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Can Gülen ◽  
Raub W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Combined Cycle Power Plant

A significant portion of the new electrical generating capacity installed in the past decade has employed heavy-duty gas turbines operating in a combined cycle configuration with a steam turbine bottoming cycle. In these power plants approximately one-third of the power is generated by the bottoming cycle. To ensure that the highest possible combined cycle efficiency is realized it is important to develop the combined cycle power plant as a system. Doing so requires a solid understanding of the efficiency entitlement of both, topping and bottoming, cycles separately and as a whole. This paper describes a simple but accurate method to estimate the Rankine bottoming cycle power output directly from the gas turbine exhaust exergy, utilizing the second law of thermodynamics. The classical first law approach, i.e., the heat and mass balance method, requires lengthy calculations and complex computer-based modeling tools to evaluate Rankine bottoming cycle performance. In this paper, a rigorous application of the fundamental thermodynamic principles embodied by the second law to the major cycle components clearly demonstrates that the Rankine cycle performance can be accurately represented by several key parameters. The power of the second law approach lies in its ability to highlight the theoretical entitlement and state-of-the-art design performances simultaneously via simple fundamental relationships. By considering economically and technologically feasible upper limits for the key parameters, the maximum achievable bottoming cycle power output is readily calculable for any given gas turbine from its exhaust exergy.

Power Augmentation Study of an Existing Combined Cycle Power Plant by Overspray Inlet Fogging

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiao-Wei D. Chiang ◽  
Pai-Yi Wang ◽  
Hsin-Lung Li
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Combined Cycle Power Plant ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
Increasing Demand

With increasing demand for power and with shortages envisioned especially during the peak load times during the summer, there is a need to boost gas turbine power. In Taiwan, most of gas turbines operate with combined cycle for base load. Only a small portion of gas turbines operates with simple cycle for peak load. To prevent the electric shortage due to derating of power plants in hot days, the power augmentation strategies for combined cycles need to be studied in advance. As a solution, our objective is to add an overspray inlet fogging system into an existing gas turbine-based combined cycle power plant (CCPP) to study the effects. Simulation runs were made for adding an overspray inlet fogging system to the CCPP under various ambient conditions. The overspray percentage effects on the CCPP thermodynamic performance are also included in this paper. Results demonstrated that the CCPP net power augmentation depends on the percentage of overspray under site average ambient conditions. This paper also included CCPP performance parametric studies in order to propose overspray inlet fogging guidelines for combined cycle power augmentation.

Performance Analysis of a Combined Cycle Power Plant Through Exergetic and Environmental Indices

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Vicente Torres González ◽  
Raúl Lugo Leyte ◽  
Martín Salazar Pereyra ◽  
Helen Denise Lugo Méndez ◽  
Miguel Toledo Velázquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Environmental Indices ◽  
Combined Cycle Power Plant ◽  
Combustion Gases ◽  
Combined Cycle Plant ◽  
Exergetic Analysis ◽  
Gas Turbine Power Plant

In this paper is carried out a comparison between a gas turbine power plant and a combined cycle power plant through exergetic and environmental indices in order to determine performance and sustainability aspects of a gas turbine and combined cycle plant. First of all, an exergetic analysis of the gas turbine and the combined is carried out then the exergetic and environmental indices are calculated for the gas turbine (case A) and the combined cycle (case B). The exergetic indices are exergetic efficiency, waste exergy ratio, exergy destruction factor, recoverable exergy ratio, environmental effect factor and exergetic sustainability. Besides, the environmental indices are global warming, smog formation and acid rain indices. In the case A, the two gas turbines generate 278.4 MW; whereas 415.19 MW of electricity power is generated by the combined cycle (case B). The results show that exergetic sustainability index for cases A and B are 0.02888 and 0.1058 respectively. The steam turbine cycle improves the overall efficiency, as well as, the reviewed exergetic indexes. Besides, the environmental indices of the gas turbines (case A) are lower than the combined cycle environmental indices (case B), since the combustion gases are only generated in the combustion chamber.

HRSG Duct Firing Revisited

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Can Gülen
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Combined Cycle Power Plant

Duct firing in the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) of a gas turbine combined cycle power plant is a commonly used method to increase output on hot summer days when gas turbine airflow and power output lapse significantly. The aim is to generate maximum possible power output when it is most needed (and, thus, more profitable) at the expense of power plant heat rate. In this paper, using fundamental thermodynamic arguments and detailed heat and mass balance simulations, it will be shown that, under certain boundary conditions, duct firing in the HRSG can be a facilitator of efficiency improvement as well. When combined with highly-efficient aeroderivative gas turbines with high cycle pressure ratios and concomitantly low exhaust temperatures, duct firing can be utilized for small but efficient combined cycle power plant designs as well as more efficient hot-day power augmentation. This opens the door to efficient and agile fossil fuel-fired power generation opportunities to support variable renewable generation.

Simulation and optimization of a combined cycle power plant with low heating value fuel gas

2021 ◽  
pp. 2142002
Author(s):  
Renzhi Han ◽  
Xin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Mixed Gas ◽  
Combined Cycle Power Plant ◽  
Heat Value

Combined cycle power plant (CCPP) usually plays an important role in balancing byproduct gas generation and consumption in integrated iron and steel plant. The low heat value fuel gases, such as blast furnace gas (BFG) or mixed gas with Coke oven gas (COG) and BFG, are preferred to be used in high-efficient CCPP for power generation. In practice, the general heat value of mixed gas can be set in the range of 3500–4400[Formula: see text]kJ/Nm3. This paper presents a methodology to simulate operating parameters of CCPP with BFG. A generic model of gas turbine with open loop stage cooling employing air is used to simulate the performance of gas turbines cycle under different compressor pressure ratios and turbine inlet temperatures (TIT). The isentropic efficiencies for gas compressor and gas turbine are supposed to be constants and set corresponding to published industrial experience. The steam cycle is composed of classical double-pressure heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) and steam turbines according to gas turbine outlet temperature. Specific work, gas turbine cycle efficiency, cogeneration thermal efficiency and coolant air flow requirements are evaluated to find the optimal compressor pressure ratio and TIT. The research results are useful to select the optimum operating parameters of CCPP with BFG. Performance features were estimated with the help of compression ratios 12.5–20 and combustor exit temperature 1150–1350[Formula: see text]C.

Development of a Combined Cycle Gas Turbine/Steam Plant for Training Marine and Power Engineers

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Peter Sarnacki ◽  
Richard Kimball ◽  
Barbara Fleck
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Power Industry ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Engineering Programs ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Steam Plant

The integration of micro turbine engines into the engineering programs offered at Maine Maritime Academy (MMA) has created a dynamic, hands-on approach to learning the theoretical and operational characteristics of a turbojet engine. Maine Maritime Academy is a fully accredited college of Engineering, Science and International Business located on the coast of Maine and has over 850 undergraduate students. The majority of the students are enrolled in one of five majors offered at the college in the Engineering Department. MMA already utilizes gas turbines and steam plants as part of the core engineering training with fully operational turbines and steam plant laboratories. As background, this paper will overview the unique hands-on nature of the engineering programs offered at the institution with a focus of implementation of a micro gas turbine trainer into all engineering majors taught at the college. The training demonstrates the effectiveness of a working gas turbine to translate theory into practical applications and real world conditions found in the operation of a combustion turbine. This paper presents the efforts of developing a combined cycle power plant for training engineers in the operation and performance of such a plant. Combined cycle power plants are common in the power industry due to their high thermal efficiencies. As gas turbines/electric power plants become implemented into marine applications, it is expected that combined cycle plants will follow. Maine Maritime Academy has a focus on training engineers for the marine and stationary power industry. The trainer described in this paper is intended to prepare engineers in the design and operation of this type of plant, as well as serve as a research platform for operational and technical study in plant performance. This work describes efforts to combine these laboratory resources into an operating combined cycle plant. Specifically, we present efforts to integrate a commercially available, 65 kW gas turbine generator system with our existing steam plant. The paper reviews the design and analysis of the system to produce a 78 kW power plant that approaches 35% thermal efficiency. The functional operation of the plant as a trainer is presented as the plant is designed to operate with the same basic functionality and control as a larger commercial plant.

Design Considerations for Syngas Turbine Power Plants

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaya Ganjikunta
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Technology Selection ◽  
Hazardous Area

Market demands such as generating power at lower cost, increasing reliability, providing fuel flexibility, increasing efficiency and reducing emissions have renewed the interest in Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) plants in the Indian refinery segment. This technology typically uses coal or petroleum coke (petcoke) gasification and gas turbine based combined cycle systems as it offers potential advantages in reducing emissions and producing low cost electricity. Gasification of coal typically produces syngas which is a mixture of Hydrogen (H) and Carbon Monoxide (CO). Present state of gas turbine technology facilitates burning of low calorific fuels such as syngas and gas turbine is the heart of power block in IGCC. Selecting a suitable gas turbine for syngas fired power plant application and optimization in integration can offer the purchaser savings in initial cost by avoiding oversizing as well as reduction in operating cost through better efficiency. This paper discusses the following aspects of syngas turbine IGCC power plant: • Considerations in design and engineering approach • Review of technologies in syngas fired gas turbines • Design differences of syngas turbines with respect to natural gas fired turbines • Gas turbine integration with gasifier, associated syngas system design and materials • Syngas safety, HAZOP and Hazardous area classification • Retrofitting of existing gas turbines suitable for syngas firing • Project execution and coordination at various phases of a project This paper is based on the experience gained in the recently executed syngas fired gas turbine based captive power plant and IGCC plant. This experience would be useful for gas turbine technology selection, integration of gas turbine in to IGCC, estimating engineering efforts, cost savings, cycle time reduction, retrofits and lowering future syngas based power plant project risks.

Application of Methodologies to Evaluate the Health State of Gas Turbines in a Cogenerative Combined Cycle Power Plant

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pinelli ◽  
M. Venturini
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Health State ◽  
Combined Cycle Power Plant ◽  
Measurement Validation ◽  
Machine Health ◽  
Analysis Of Performance

In the paper, a comprehensive methodology for gas turbine health state determination is applied to a single-shaft Fiat Avio TG 20 gas turbine working in the cogenerative combined cycle power plant of Fiat – Mirafiori (Italy). In order to determine operating state variations from new and clean condition, the following procedures were applied to historical field measurements: • normalization procedure to determine the variations between measured and expected values; • inverse cycle technique to calculate the values of the characteristic parameters that are indices of the machine health state. The application of these techniques to long period operating data allowed measurement validation and the determination of the machine health state. The results showed the good capability of the developed techniques for the determination and the analysis of performance drop due to compressor fouling and to turbine malfunction.

Étude on Gas Turbine Combined Cycle Power Plant: Next 20 Years

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Can Gülen
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
United States Department ◽  
States Department ◽  
Combined Cycle Power Plant ◽  
Development Path ◽  
Utility Scale ◽  
Year 2000

In 1992, United States Department of Energy’s Advanced Turbine Systems program established a target of 60% efficiency for utility scale gas turbine power plants to be achieved by the year 2000. Although the program led to numerous technology breakthroughs, it took another decade for an actual combined cycle power plant with an H class gas turbine to reach (and surpass) the target efficiency. Today, another target benchmark, 65% efficiency, circulates frequently in trade publications and engineering journals with scant support from existing technology, its development path as well as material limits, and almost no regard to theoretical (e.g., underlying physics) and practical (e.g., cost, complexity, reliability and constructability) concerns. This paper attempts to put such claims to test and establish the room left for gas turbine combined cycle (GTCC) growth in the next two decades. The analysis and conclusions are firmly based on fundamental thermodynamic principles with carefully and precisely laid out assumptions and supported by rigorous calculations. The goal is to arm the practicing engineer with a consistent, coherent and self-standing reference to critically evaluate claims, predictions and other futuristic information pertaining to GTCC technology.

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