Cold Engine Transient Fuel Control Experiments in a Port Fuel Injected CFR Engine

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard J. Hamilton ◽  
Jim S. Cowart
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Operating Regime ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Mixture Preparation ◽  
Steady State Operation ◽  
Fuel Vaporization ◽  
Unburned Hydrocarbons ◽  
Ionization Detectors

Air-fuel mixture preparation is particularly challenging during cold engine throttle transients due to poor fuel vaporization and transport delays in port fuel injected (PFI) engines. In this study, a PFI Cooperative Fuels Research engine is used to evaluate torque and measure in cylinder and exhaust CO, CO2 and unburned hydrocarbons during throttle transients at various early stages of engine warm-up. Fast flame ionization detectors and non-dispersive infra-red fast CO and CO2 detectors are used to provide detailed cycle-by-cycle analysis. Torque after cold throttle transients is found to be comparable to steady state torque due to allowable spark advance. However, cold transients produce up to 4 times the unburned hydrocarbons when compared to steady state operation. Finally, the x-tau fuel control model is evaluated in this challenging operating regime and is found to provide poor transient fuel control due to excessive fueling.

Cold Engine Transient Fuel Control Experiments in a Port Fuel Injected CFR Engine

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard J. Hamilton ◽  
Jim S. Cowart
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Operating Regime ◽  
Control Model ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Mixture Preparation ◽  
Steady State Operation ◽  
Fuel Vaporization ◽  
Unburned Hydrocarbons ◽  
Ionization Detectors

Air-fuel mixture preparation is particularly challenging during cold engine throttle transients due to poor fuel vaporization and transport delays in port fuel injected (PFI) engines. In this study, a PFI cooperative fuels research engine is used to evaluate torque and to measure in-cylinder and exhaust CO, CO2, and unburned hydrocarbons during throttle transients at various early stages of engine warmup. Fast flame ionization detectors and nondispersive infrared fast CO and CO2 detectors are used to provide a detailed cycle-by-cycle analysis. Ttorque after cold throttle transients is found to be comparable to steady-state torque due to allowable spark advance. However, cold transients produce up to four times the unburned hydrocarbons when compared to steady-state operation. Finally, the x-tau fuel control model is evaluated in this challenging operating regime and is found to provide poor transient fuel control due to excessive fueling.

Development and Test of a Catalytic Combustor for an Automotive Gas Turbine

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Lipinski ◽  
Philip R. Brine ◽  
Rajesh D. Buch ◽  
George R. Lester
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption Rate ◽  
Steady State Operation ◽  
Full Speed ◽  
Unburned Hydrocarbons ◽  
Catalytic Combustor

A catalytic combustor was designed and tested for a small recuperated gas turbine engine for use in a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). Combustor rig and engine tests were performed with DF-2 diesel fuel, kerosene, and automotive gasoline. Rig test steady-state emissions were measured over the full engine operating range. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions were insensitive to operating condition, and were almost strictly a function of fuel nitrogen content. For low-nitrogen kerosene, NOx emissions less than 1 ppm(vol) (at 15 percent O2) were demonstrated. Startup emissions were measured for conditions modeling engine spoolup from ignition to full speed. Laboratory engine tests on DF-2 over a range of speeds and loads demonstrated tailpipe emissions less than 10 ppm(vol) NOx and less than 1 ppm(vol) unburned hydrocarbons (HC). NOx, HC, and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions were less than the California State Ultra-Low Emissions Vehicle (ULEV) standards for steady-state operation, corrected for assumed vehicle load and fuel consumption rate.

Experimental Heat Flux Analysis of an Automotive Diesel Engine in Steady-State Operation and During Warm-Up

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Donn ◽  
Wolfgang Zulehner ◽  
Daniel Ghebru ◽  
Ulrich Spicher ◽  
Matthias Honzen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Flux Analysis ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Experimental Heat ◽  
Steady State Operation

Steady State Detection in Industrial Gas Turbines for Condition Monitoring and Diagnostics Applications

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar Celis ◽  
Érica Xavier ◽  
Tairo Teixeira ◽  
Gustavo R. S. Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Condition Monitoring ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Signal Analysis ◽  
Operating Regime ◽  
State Detection ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Monitoring And Diagnostics ◽  
Operating Regimes

This work describes the development and implementation of a signal analysis module which allows the reliable detection of operating regimes in industrial gas turbines. Its use is intended for steady state-based condition monitoring and diagnostics systems. This type of systems requires the determination of the operating regime of the equipment, in this particular case, of the industrial gas turbine. After a brief introduction the context in which the signal analysis module is developed is highlighted. Next the state of the art of the different methodologies used for steady state detection in equipment is summarized. A detailed description of the signal analysis module developed, including its different sub systems and the main hypotheses considered during its development, is shown to follow. Finally the main results obtained through the use of the module developed are presented and discussed. The results obtained emphasize the adequacy of this type of procedures for the determination of operating regimes in industrial gas turbines.

Dual-Location Fuel Injection Effects on Emissions and NO*/OH* Chemiluminescence in a High Intensity Combustor

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed O. Said ◽  
Ahmed E. E. Khalil ◽  
Ashwani K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Combustion Noise ◽  
Fuel Distribution ◽  
Mixture Preparation ◽  
Pollutants Emission ◽  
Fuel Mixing ◽  
Colorless Distributed Combustion

Colorless distributed combustion (CDC) has shown to provide ultra-low emissions of NO, CO, unburned hydrocarbons, and soot, with stable combustion without using any flame stabilizer. The benefits of CDC also include uniform thermal field in the entire combustion space and low combustion noise. One of the critical aspects in distributed combustion is fuel mixture preparation prior to mixture ignition. In an effort to improve fuel mixing and distribution, several schemes have been explored that includes premixed, nonpremixed, and partially premixed. In this paper, the effect of dual-location fuel injection is examined as opposed to single fuel injection into the combustor. Fuel distribution between different injection points was varied with the focus on reaction distribution and pollutants emission. The investigations were performed at different equivalence ratios (0.6–0.8), and the fuel distribution in each case was varied while maintaining constant overall thermal load. The results obtained with multi-injection of fuel using a model combustor showed lower emissions as compared to single injection of fuel using methane as the fuel under favorable fuel distribution condition. The NO emission from double injection as compared to single injection showed a reduction of 28%, 24%, and 13% at equivalence ratio of 0.6, 0.7, and 0.8, respectively. This is attributed to enhanced mixture preparation prior to the mixture ignition. OH* chemiluminescence intensity distribution within the combustor showed that under favorable fuel injection condition, the reaction zone shifted downstream, allowing for longer fuel mixing time prior to ignition. This longer mixing time resulted in better mixture preparation and lower emissions. The OH* chemiluminescence signals also revealed enhanced OH* distribution with fuel introduced through two injectors.

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