Heat Transfer Model for Condensation in Non-Circular Microchannels

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhil Agarwal ◽  
Todd M. Bandhauer ◽  
Srinivas Garimella
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Acute Angle ◽  
Heat Transfer Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Tube Shape ◽  
Flow Mechanisms ◽  
Circular Microchannels

A model for predicting heat transfer during condensation of refrigerant R134a in horizontal noncircular microchannels is presented. The thermal amplification technique developed and reported in earlier work by the authors is used to measure condensation heat transfer coefficients for six non-circular microchannels (0.424 < Dh < 0.839 mm) of different shapes over the mass flux range 150 < G < 750 kg/m2-s. The channels included barrel-shaped, N-shaped, rectangular, square, and triangular extruded tubes, and a channel with a W-shaped corrugated insert that yielded triangular microchannels. Results from previous work by the authors on condensation flow mechanisms in microchannel geometries were used to interpret the results based on the applicable flow regimes. The effect of tube shape was also considered in deciding the applicable flow regime. A modified version of the annular flow based heat transfer model proposed recently by the authors for circular microchannels, with the required shear stress being calculated from a noncircular microchannel pressure drop model also reported earlier was found to best correlate the present data for square, rectangular and barrel-shaped microchannels. For the other microchannel shapes with sharp acute-angle corners, a mist flow based model from the literature on larger tubes was found to suffice for the prediction of the heat transfer data. These models predict the data significantly better than the other available correlations in the literature.

Measurement and Modeling of Condensation Heat Transfer Coefficients in Circular Microchannels

2006 ◽  
Vol 128 (10) ◽  
pp. 1050-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd M. Bandhauer ◽  
Akhil Agarwal ◽  
Srinivas Garimella
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Heat Transfer Model ◽  
Condensation Heat Transfer ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Circular Microchannels

A model for predicting heat transfer during condensation of refrigerant R134a in horizontal microchannels is presented. The thermal amplification technique is used to measure condensation heat transfer coefficients accurately over small increments of refrigerant quality across the vapor-liquid dome (0<x<1). A combination of a high flow rate closed loop primary coolant and a low flow rate open loop secondary coolant ensures the accurate measurement of the small heat duties in these microchannels and the deduction of condensation heat transfer coefficients from measured UA values. Measurements were conducted for three circular microchannels (0.506<Dh<1.524mm) over the mass flux range 150<G<750kg∕m2s. Results from previous work by the authors on condensation flow mechanisms in microchannel geometries were used to interpret the results based on the applicable flow regimes. The heat transfer model is based on the approach originally developed by Traviss, D. P., Rohsenow, W. M., and Baron, A. B., 1973, “Forced-Convection Condensation Inside Tubes: A Heat Transfer Equation For Condenser Design,” ASHRAE Trans., 79(1), pp. 157–165 and Moser, K. W., Webb, R. L., and Na, B., 1998, “A New Equivalent Reynolds Number Model for Condensation in Smooth Tubes,” ASME, J. Heat Transfer, 120(2), pp. 410–417. The multiple-flow-regime model of Garimella, S., Agarwal, A., and Killion, J. D., 2005, “Condensation Pressure Drop in Circular Microchannels,” Heat Transfer Eng., 26(3), pp. 1–8 for predicting condensation pressure drops in microchannels is used to predict the pertinent interfacial shear stresses required in this heat transfer model. The resulting heat transfer model predicts 86% of the data within ±20%.

scholarly journals Heat Transfer in Rotating Serpentine Passages With Trips Normal to the Flow

1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 847-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Wagner ◽  
B. V. Johnson ◽  
R. A. Graziani ◽  
F. C. Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Turbine Blade ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Flow Equations ◽  
Turbine Blade Cooling ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients

Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of buoyancy and Coriolis forces on heat transfer in turbine blade internal coolant passages. The experiments were conducted with a large-scale, multipass, heat transfer model with both radially inward and outward flow. Trip strips on the leading and trailing surfaces of the radial coolant passages were used to produce the rough walls. An analysis of the governing flow equations showed that four parameters influence the heat transfer in rotating passages: coolant-to-wall temperature ratio, Rossby number, Reynolds number, and radius-to-passage hydraulic diameter ratio. The first three of these four parameters were varied over ranges that are typical of advanced gas turbine engine operating conditions. Results were correlated and compared to previous results from stationary and rotating similar models with trip strips. The heat transfer coefficients on surfaces, where the heat transfer increased with rotation and buoyancy, varied by as much as a factor of four. Maximum values of the heat transfer coefficients with high rotation were only slightly above the highest levels obtained with the smooth wall model. The heat transfer coefficients on surfaces where the heat transfer decreased with rotation, varied by as much as a factor of three due to rotation and buoyancy. It was concluded that both Coriolis and buoyancy effects must be considered in turbine blade cooling designs with trip strips and that the effects of rotation were markedly different depending upon the flow direction.

Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer in Impingement Air Cooled Plate Fin Heat Sinks

2005 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhipeng Duan ◽  
Y. S. Muzychka
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Heat Transfer Model ◽  
Heat Sinks ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Developing Flow ◽  
Rectangular Channels

Impingement cooling of plate fin heat sinks is examined. Experimental measurements of thermal performance were performed with four heat sinks of various impingement inlet widths, fin spacings, fin heights, and airflow velocities. The percent uncertainty in the measured thermal resistance was a maximum of 2.6% in the validation tests. Using a simple thermal resistance model based on developing laminar flow in rectangular channels, the actual mean heat transfer coefficients are obtained in order to develop a simple heat transfer model for the impingement plate fin heat sink system. The experimental results are combined into a dimensionless correlation for channel average Nusselt number Nu∼f(L*,Pr). We use a dimensionless thermal developing flow length, L*=(L∕2)∕(DhRePr), as the independent parameter. Results show that Nu∼1∕L*, similar to developing flow in parallel channels. The heat transfer model covers the practical operating range of most heat sinks, 0.01<L*<0.18. The accuracy of the heat transfer model was found to be within 11% of the experimental data taken on four heat sinks and other experimental data from the published literature at channel Reynolds numbers less than 1200. The proposed heat transfer model may be used to predict the thermal performance of impingement air cooled plate fin heat sinks for design purposes.

Heat Transfer Enhancement by Turbulent Impinging Jets

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kumagai ◽  
R. S. Amano ◽  
M. K. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Local Heat Transfer ◽  
Local Heat ◽  
Impinging Jets ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients

Abstract A numerical and experimental investigation on cooling of a solid surface was performed by studying the behavior of an impinging jet onto a fixed flat target. The local heat transfer coefficient distributions on a plate with a constant heat flux were computationally investigated with a normally impinging axisymmetric jet for nozzle diameter of 4.6mm at H/d = 4 and 10, with the Reynolds numbers of 10,000 and 40,000. The two-dimensional cylindrical Navier-Stokes equations were solved using a two-equation k-ε turbulence model. The finite-volume differencing scheme was used to solve the thermal and flow fields. The predicted heat transfer coefficients were compared with experimental measurements. A universal function based on the wave equation was developed and applied to the heat transfer model to improve calculated local heat transfer coefficients for short nozzle-to-plate distance (H/d = 4). The differences between H/d = 4 and 10 due to the correlation among heat transfer coefficient, kinetic energy and pressure were investigated for the impingement region. Predictions by the present model show good agreement with the experimental data.

scholarly journals Heat Transfer in Rotating Serpentine Passages With Trips Normal to the Flow

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Wagner ◽  
B. V. Johnson ◽  
R. A. Graziani ◽  
F. C. Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Turbine Blade ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Flow Equations ◽  
Turbine Blade Cooling ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients

Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of buoyancy and Coriolis forces on heat transfer in turbine blade internal coolant passages. The experiments were conducted with a large scale, multi–pass, heat transfer model with both radially inward and outward flow. Trip strips on the leading and trailing surfaces of the radial coolant passages were used to produce the rough walls. An analysis of the governing flow equations showed that four parameters influence the heat transfer in rotating passages: coolant–to–wall temperature ratio, Rossby number, Reynolds number and radius–to–passage hydraulic diameter ratio. The first three of these four parameters were varied over ranges which are typical of advanced gas turbine engine operating conditions. Results were correlated and compared to previous results from stationary and rotating similar models with trip strips. The heat transfer coefficients on surfaces, where the heat transfer increased with rotation and buoyancy, varied by as much as a factor of four. Maximum values of the heat transfer coefficients with high rotation were only slightly above the highest levels obtained with the smooth wall model. The heat transfer coefficients on surfaces, where the heat transfer decreased with rotation, varied by as much as a factor of three due to rotation and buoyancy. It was concluded that both Coriolis and buoyancy effects must be considered in turbine blade cooling designs with trip strips and that the effects of rotation were markedly different depending upon the flow direction.

Modeling of Steel Slab Reheating Process in a Walking Beam Reheating Furnace

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangwu Tang ◽  
Arturo Saavedra ◽  
Tyamo Okosun ◽  
Bin Wu ◽  
Chenn Q. Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Heat Transfer Model ◽  
Furnace Operation ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Reheating Furnace ◽  
Reheating Process

Slab reheating is a very important step in steel product manufacturing. A small improvement in reheating efficiency can translate into big savings to steel mills in terms of fuel consumption and productivity. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been employed in conducting numerical simulations of the slab reheating furnace operation. However, a full industrial scale three-dimensional (3D) simulation of a slab reheating furnace, while comprehensive, is not an efficient way to conduct broad studies of the slab heating process. In this paper, a comprehensive two-dimensional (2D) numerical heat transfer model for slab reheating in a walking beam furnace was developed using the finite difference method. The 2D heat transfer model utilizes the heat transfer coefficients derived from a 3D reheating furnace CFD model which was validated by using mill instrumented slab trials. The 2D heat transfer model is capable of predicting slab temperature evolutions during the reheating processes based on the real time furnace conditions and steel physical properties. The 2D model was validated by using mill instrumented slab trials and production data. Good agreement between the model predictions and production data was obtained.

scholarly journals Heat Transfer in Rotating Serpentine Passages With Trips Skewed to the Flow

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. V. Johnson ◽  
J. H. Wagner ◽  
G. D. Steuber ◽  
F. C. Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Turbine Blade ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Flow Equations ◽  
Turbine Blade Cooling ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients

Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of buoyancy and Coriolis forces on heat transfer in turbine blade internal coolant passages. The experiments were conducted with a large-scale, multipass, heat transfer model with both radially inward and outward flow. Trip strips, skewed at 45 deg to the flow direction, were machined on the leading and trailing surfaces of the radial coolant passages. An analysis of the governing flow equations showed that four parameters influence the heat transfer in rotating passages: coolant-to-wall temperature ratio, rotation number, Reynolds number, and radius-to-passage hydraulic diameter ratio. The first three of these four parameters were varied over ranges that are typical of advanced gas turbine engine operating conditions. Results were correlated and compared to previous results from similar stationary and rotating models with smooth walls and with trip strips normal to the flow direction. The heat transfer coefficients on surfaces, where the heat transfer decreased with rotation and buoyancy, decreased to as low as 40 percent of the value without rotation. However, the maximum values of the heat transfer coefficients with high rotation were only slightly above the highest levels previously obtained with the smooth wall model. It was concluded that (1) both Coriolis and buoyancy effects must be considered in turbine blade cooling designs with trip strips, (2) the effects of rotation are markedly different depending upon the flow direction, and (3) the heat transfer with skewed trip strips is less sensitive to buoyancy than the heat transfer in models with either smooth walls or normal trips. Therefore, skewed trip strips rather than normal trip strips are recommended and geometry-specific tests will be required for accurate design information.

Heat Transfer in Rotating Serpentine Passages With Smooth Walls

1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Wagner ◽  
B. V. Johnson ◽  
F. C. Kopper
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Turbine Blade ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Vertical Tube ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Flow Equations ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients

Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of buoyancy and Coriolis forces on heat transfer in turbine blade internal coolant passages. The experiments were conducted with a large-scale, multipass, smooth-wall heat transfer model with both radially inward and outward flow. An analysis of the governing flow equations showed that four parameters influence the heat transfer in rotating passages: coolant-to-wall temperature ratio, Rossby number, Reynolds number, and radius-to-passage hydraulic diameter ratio. These four parameters were varied over ranges that are typical of advanced gas turbine engine operating conditions. It was found that both Coriolis and buoyancy effects must be considered in turbine blade cooling designs and that the effect of rotation on the heat transfer coefficients was markedly different depending on the flow direction. Local heat transfer coefficients were found to decrease by as much as 60 percent and increase by 250 percent from no-rotation levels. Comparisons with a pioneering stationary vertical tube buoyancy experiment showed reasonably good agreement. Correlation of the data is achieved employing dimensionless parameters derived from the governing flow equations.

Numerical Simulation of Flow Boiling of Binary Mixtures Using Multi-Fluid Modeling Approach

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vedanth Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Flow Boiling ◽  
Interfacial Area ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Mass Transfer Model ◽  
Number Density ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients

In this paper, the development of a new mass transfer model to simulate the thermal and phase change characteristics encountered by binary mixtures during flow boiling process is discussed. A new boiling mass transfer model based on detailed bubble dynamic effects, inclusive of local bubble shear, drag and buoyancy dynamics, has been developed and full implemented within the commercial CFD code AVL FIRE v2010. In the present study the phasic mass, momentum and energy equations are solved in a segregated fashion in conjunction with an interfacial area transport and a number density equation to study the heat and mass transfer characteristics of binary flow boiling inside a rectangular duct. Turbulence in the fluidic system and those generated by the bubbly flow are treated using an advanced k-ζ-f model. The simulation results comprising of flow variables such as volume fraction, fluidic velocities and temperature and the resultant heat flux generated on the heated wall section clearly monitors the suppression in heat transfer coefficients with enhancement in flow convection. Competing mechanisms such as phase change process and turbulent convection are identified to influence the heat transfer characteristics. In particular, the varying influence of the mass transfer effects on the heat flux characteristics with alteration in wall temperature is well demonstrated. Comparisons of the predicted heat transfer coefficients for varying wall superheat and varying fluidic velocity indicates a very good agreement with experimental data, wherever available. Description of the flow field inclusive of interfacial area and number density distribution is provided. The current model can be easily extended to simulate multiphase flow in complex systems such as a cooling water jacket for automotive applications.

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