Occupant Modeling for Injury Risk Computation in Vehicle Fleet Frontal Crash Simulations

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randa Radwan Samaha ◽  
Priyaranjan Prasad ◽  
Sarath Kamalakkannan ◽  
Vamsi Kommineni ◽  
Lilly Nix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Data ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Model Verification ◽  
Small Female ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Frontal Crash ◽  
Vehicle Data ◽  
Scale Test

Occupant model environments (MADYMO) are developed for four surrogate vehicles for injury risk computation in frontal crash fleet simulations: a small passenger car, a midsize passenger car, a midsize sport utility vehicle and a full size pickup truck. This research supports the initial implementation of a novel methodology for Evaluating Fleet, i.e., self and partner, Protection (EFP) of new vehicle designs through a systems modeling approach driven by structural and occupant modeling and real world crash and full scale test data. A two part general framework for development of occupant models for fleet vehicles is established: model development (Part I) and model verification and robustness evaluation (Part II). In Part I, current generic occupant models with seat belt and airbag restraints are obtained from restraint manufacturers and then modified to reflect the interior geometry and clearances of the desired vehicle. Data from finite element structural simulations, including the occupant compartment geometry, crash pulse, and toe pan intrusions, are utilized to drive the MADYMO models. Restraint system and dummy seating changes are incorporated to achieve a realistic match for both midsize male and small female driver dummy responses from available frontal crash tests. Part II involves comparing occupant responses from simulation and test data, and assessing trends in occupant responses in selected crash configurations for application in frontal crash fleet simulations.

Auralization of Flyover Noise from Open Rotor Engines Using Model Scale Test Data

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Rizzi ◽  
David Stephens ◽  
Jeffrey J. Berton ◽  
Dale E. Van Zante ◽  
John Wojno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Data ◽  
Model Scale ◽  
Open Rotor ◽  
Scale Test

A systematic approach for model verification: application on seven published activated sludge models

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 825-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hauduc ◽  
L. Rieger ◽  
I. Takács ◽  
A. Héduit ◽  
P. A. Vanrolleghem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Model Verification ◽  
Software Implementation ◽  
Model Description ◽  
Kinetic Rate ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Activated Sludge Models

The quality of simulation results can be significantly affected by errors in the published model (typing, inconsistencies, gaps or conceptual errors) and/or in the underlying numerical model description. Seven of the most commonly used activated sludge models have been investigated to point out the typing errors, inconsistencies and gaps in the model publications: ASM1; ASM2d; ASM3; ASM3 + Bio-P; ASM2d + TUD; New General; UCTPHO+. A systematic approach to verify models by tracking typing errors and inconsistencies in model development and software implementation is proposed. Then, stoichiometry and kinetic rate expressions are checked for each model and the errors found are reported in detail. An attached spreadsheet (see http://www.iwaponline.com/wst/06104/0898.pdf) provides corrected matrices with the calculations of all stoichiometric coefficients for the discussed biokinetic models and gives an example of proper continuity checks.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF INDONESIAN LANGUAGE SKILLS INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS BASED PROJECT BASED LEARNING WITH INQUIRY APPROACH

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arum Ratnaningsih ◽  
Titi Anjarini
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Project Based Learning ◽  
Instructional Materials ◽  
Inquiry Approach ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

<p><em>The background of this study is the lack of confidence in the use of Indonesian language so that passive students in lecturing activities. The purpose of this study is for humanist learning, active, and fun. Research method of R &amp; D with learning model of Project Based Learning (PBL) and Inquiry approach. Subjects in this study were PGSD students of University of Muhammadiyah Purworejo totaling 130 students divided into 2 classes as experimental class, 2 classes as control class, and 1 class of scale test. Data analysis used in this research is source triangulation, triangulation method, instrument triangulation, and SPSS. The result of this research is the improvement of Indonesian language skills of PGSD students. The experimental class has a higher score than the control class, so it can be concluded that the PBL learning model can significantly improve the PGSD students' skill in Bahasa Indonesia University of Muhammadiyah Purworejo.</em></p>

Nonlinear Model Development from Flight-Test Data for F/A-18E Super Hornet

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 692-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso C. Paris ◽  
Michael Bonner
Keyword(s):  
Test Data ◽  
Nonlinear Model ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Flight Test

Floating Wind Turbine Model Test to Verify a MoorDyn Modification for Nonlinear Elastic Materials

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-41
Author(s):  
William M West ◽  
Andrew J. Goupee ◽  
Christopher Allen ◽  
Anthony M. Viselli
Keyword(s):  
Test Data ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Strain Response ◽  
Design Load ◽  
Jacket Structures ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Numerical Tools ◽  
Nonlinear Elastic ◽  
Strain Responses ◽  
Offshore Wind Industry

Abstract As the Floating Offshore Wind industry matures it has become increasingly important for researchers to determine the next generation materials and processes that will allow platforms to be deployed in intermediate (50-85 m) water depths which challenge the efficiency of traditional catenary chain mooring systems and fixed-bottom jacket structures. One such technology, synthetic ropes, have in recent years come to the forefront of this effort. The challenge of designing synthetic rope moorings is the complex nonlinear tension-strain response inherent of some rope material choices. Currently, many numerical tools for modeling the dynamic behavior of FOWTs are limited to mooring materials that have a linear tension- strain response. In this paper an open source FOWT design and analysis program, OpenFAST, was modified to capture the more complex tension-strain responses of synthetic ropes. Simulations from the modified OpenFAST tool were then compared with 1:52-scale test data for a 6MW FOWT Semi- submersible platform in 55m of water subjected to representative design load cases. A strong correlation between the simulations and test data was observed.

Assessment of Acclimation of 5th Percentile Female and 50th Percentile Male Volunteer Kinematics in Low-Speed Frontal and Frontal-Oblique Sled Tests

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-103
Author(s):  
Hana Chan ◽  
◽  
Devon Albert ◽  
F Scott Gayzik ◽  
Andrew R Kemper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Small Female ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Multiple Test ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Male Volunteers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Frontal Crashes

In order to accurately represent the response of live occupants during pre-crash events and frontal crashes, computational human body models (HBMs) that incorporate active musculature must be validated with appropriate volunteer data that represents a wide range of demographic groups and potential crash conditions. The purpose of this study was to quantify and compare occupant kinematic responses for unaware (relaxed) small female and midsize male volunteers during low-speed frontal and frontal-oblique sled tests across multiple test conditions, while recognizing, assessing, and accounting for potential acclimation effects due to multiple exposures. Six 5th percentile female and six 50th percentile male volunteers were exposed to multiple low-speed frontal and frontal-oblique sled tests on two separate test days. Volunteers experienced one test orientation and two pulse severities (1 g and 2.5 g) on each test day. A Vicon motion capture system was used to quantify the three-dimensional (3D) kinematics of the volunteers. Peak forward excursions of select body locations were compared within a test day and between test days for the same test condition to determine if and how acclimation occurred. Differences between demographic groups were also compared after accounting for any observed acclimation. Acclimation was not observed within a test day but was observed between test days for some demographic groups and some test conditions. In general, head, neck, and shoulder responses were affected, but the elbow, hip, and knee responses were not. Males generally moved farther forward compared to females during the frontal tests, but both groups moved forward similarly during the frontal-oblique tests. Overall, this study provides new female and male biomechanical data that can be used to further develop and validate HBMs that incorporate active musculature in order to better understand and assess occupant response and injury risk in pre-crash events and frontal crashes.

Characterization of Frontal Crash Pulses

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hikmat F. Mahmood ◽  
Fadhel Aouadi
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Duration ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Frontal Crash ◽  
Design Information ◽  
Injury Criteria ◽  
Front End ◽  
Time Zones

Abstract This paper presents test data of more than 30 vehicles of different manufacturer, weight and front-end length. The relationships between the vehicle frontal NCAP pulse, the dummy response and the vehicle characteristics are shown in many figures. Vehicle frontal pulses were characterized and analyzed by considering different time zones within the pulse duration: bumper effect zone (0 ms. to 5 ms.), engine effect zone (18 ms. to 35 ms.), dummy engagement zone (48 ms. to 68 ms.). Also, ratios and delays between rocker pulse and the dummy chest and head pulses are computed and analyzed. The purpose of this study is not to develop a crash pulse but to generate design information that can assist in the design of front-end structure to meet injury criteria.

Exposing System and Model Disparity and Agreement Using Wavelets

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Atkinson ◽  
Raymond R. Hill ◽  
Joseph J. Pignatiello ◽  
G. Geoffrey Vining ◽  
Edward D. White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Model Verification ◽  
Verification And Validation ◽  
High Dimensional ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Accurate Representation ◽  
Model Verification And Validation ◽  
Model Development Process ◽  
Functional Output

Model verification and validation (V&V) remain a critical step in the simulation model development process. A model requires verification to ensure that it has been correctly transitioned from a conceptual form to a computerized form. A model also requires validation to substantiate the accurate representation of the system it is meant to simulate. Validation assessments are complex when the system and model both generate high-dimensional functional output. To handle this complexity, this paper reviews several wavelet-based approaches for assessing models of this type and introduces a new concept for highlighting the areas of contrast and congruity between system and model data. This concept identifies individual wavelet coefficients that correspond to the areas of discrepancy between the system and model.

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