Systematic Literature Review: Causes of Rework in GSD

Global Software Development (GSD) involves multiple sites which comprise of different cultures and time zones apart from geographical locations. It is a common software development approach adopted to achieve competitiveness. However, due to multiple challenges it can result in misunderstandings and rework. Rework raises the chance of project failure by delaying the project and increasing the estimated budget. The aim of this study is to identify and categorize the rework causes to reduce its frequency in GSD. To identify the empirical literature related to causes of rework, we performed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). A total of 23 studies are included as a result of final inclusion. The empirical literature from the year 2009 to 2020 is searched. The overall identified causes of rework in GSD are categorized into 6 major categories which are communication, Requirement Management (RM), roles of stakeholders, product development/integration issues, documentation issues, and differences among stakeholders. The most reported rework causes are related to the category of communication & coordination and RM. Moreover, an industrial survey is conducted to validate the identified rework causes and their mitigation practices from practitioners. This study will help practitioners and researchers in addressing the identified causes and therefore reduce the chances of rework.

Preface

Julian Gröbner, Guest editor and chairman of the NEWRAD scientific committee Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos, World Radiation Center (PMOD/WRC) Dorfstrasse 33 7260 Davos Dorf, Switzerland The 14th International Conference on New Developments and Applications in Optical Radiometry (NEWRAD 2021) was organised by the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST), Boulder, United States and held online from 21 to 24 June 2021. Due to the COVID pandemic the original venue at Boulder in June 2020 had to be postponed and changed to a virtual event with a novel schedule consisting of pre-recorded talks and live sessions with the presenters to interact with conference attendees. The event was very well attended, notwithstanding the global participation with corresponding challenging time zones of the participants. A total of 274 registrations were received, with typically more than 100 attendees joining the online sessions. The NEWRAD scientific Committee would like to thank John Lehman and the whole local organising team for organising and holding this excellent event in the frame of these challenging conditions. 142 presentations were submitted, of which 48 were selected for oral talks, while the remaining submissions were presented as posters. Julian Gröbner, Guest editor and chairman of the NEWRAD scientific committee this title available in this pdf.

Automotive Wiring Harness development with the use of „Follow the Sun” – teams located in different time zones

Demands of automotive industry is especially focused on new solutions. Nowadays, these needs are stronger than have ever been. Manufacturers are constantly looking for new ways to release their products in the shortest possible time. The research described in the paper concerns work organization and project management in automotive industry. It is a part of PhD project, dedicated to the implementation of remote team collaboration, and is focused on wiring harness development. The first part of the paper is devoted to the review of different forms of work organization with special attention paid to Follow The Sun approach. In the second part of the paper, the characteristic of the wiring harness production was described. Especially, the methodology and design processes. The third part of the article presents a proposition of transforming the currently existing development process with the use of remote teamwork solutions. The article concludes with a description of the implementation of the test projects. Selected indicators were introduced to determine the profitability of this implementation.

The Kaon’CPT Collective: Building a musical culture of not-in-real-life performance through conducted live comprovisation

In this article we describe a Networked Music Collective for online live performance events. Four characteristics of live performance (bodies, space and time, musical culture and social process) are identified as the conceptual and technological basis of our approach. Our recent distributed comprovisation, Perripplayear, is used to illustrate these concepts and to describe the technology stack we employed. The Kaon’CPT collective uses diverse instrumentation including acoustic and electronic instruments, voice and digital musical instruments (DMIs). Its members span 12 time zones and their comprovisation is conducted via a custom distributed score.

An Overview of the 2021 NISO Plus Conference: Global connections and global conversations

This paper offers an overview of the highlights of the 2021 NISO Plus Annual Conference that was held virtually from February 22 – February 25, 2021. This was the second NISO Plus annual conference. The first one was held in 2020 and replaced what would have been the 62nd Annual NFAIS conference, but with the merger of NISO and NFAIS in June 2019 the conference was renamed NISO Plus and took on a new format. Little did they know that the second conference would have to be held virtually while the world was battling a global pandemic. The 2021 audience represented a 400% increase over the 2020 in-person attendance. There was no general theme, but there was a topic for everyone working in the information ecosystem - from the practical subjects of standards and metadata quality to preprints to information privacy and ultimately to the impact of Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning on scholarly communication. With speakers from around the world and across time zones and continents, it was truly a global conversation!

A Behavioural Study of Free Ranging Ceylon Spotted Deer (Axis axis ceylonensis) in Trincomalee, Sri Lanka

Axis axis ceylonensis (Ceylon spotted deer) is a sub species endemic to Sri Lanka. Ecological observations in wild populations of this subspecies have been reported but there is no published research on its behaviour. We report here a behavioural study on a free ranging population of A. a. ceylonensis inhabiting a temple surroundings in Trincomalee, Sri Lanka. Behaviour was quantified by focal sampling on sex age groups in three time zones: 6:30 to 7:30, 12:30-13:30, and 17:00 to 18:00 hours. The deer were more active in the hour after dawn and an hour before dusk. The main activities were feeding and play, the latter common in juveniles. There was a preference to graze on grasses and browse on Ficus sp. leaves. Resting was highest in the afternoon across all groups. This bimodal activity pattern is similar to that of both wild Ceylon and Indian A. axis subspecies despite the absence of predators in the study area. The bimodal activity may be related to thermoregulatory functions while grazing in open grass areas.

Effect of long-haul transmeridian travel on recovery and performance in international level swimmers

This study holistically examined the effects of long-haul transmeridian travel (LHTT) on physiological, perceptual, sleep and performance markers in nine international level swimmers preparing for the 2019 FINA World Long Course Championships in Gwangju, South Korea. Baseline (BL) measurements were taken over two days during the week before a long-haul eastward flight across eight time-zones. Following the flight, measurements were taken over a six-day holding camp in Japan (C1-C6), and over four days at the competition venue in Gwangju before the Championships commenced (PR1-PR4). Salivary cortisol (sCort), immunoglobulin A (sIgA), alpha-amylase (sAA) concentrations and perceptual measures via the Liverpool John Moore's University Jetlag Questionnaire were assessed. Sleep was monitored using wrist activity monitors and self-report sleep diaries. Performance was assessed via squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ) and a 4 × 100 m swim test. Participants perceived themselves to be significantly more fatigued and jet lagged than BL for five- and nine-days post-travel, respectively. Morning sCort decreased by 70% on C1 and remained significantly lower than BL until C6 ( p < 0.05). Sleep ratings improved significantly in comparison to BL from C5 onwards ( p < 0.05). Compared with BL, there was no significant change in swim performance or SJ height following travel; however, there was a 3.8 cm improvement ( p < 0.001) in CMJ height on C5. It took ten days for elite swimmers to perceive themselves recovered from jet lag following LHTT in an eastward direction across eight time-zones. LHTT did not negatively affect sleep or physical performance in the swimmers in comparison to BL.

Travelling Across Time Zones With Type 1 Diabetes: A Pilot Study Comparing Insulin Degludec With Insulin Glargine U100

<b>Objective </b> <p>For people with type 1 diabetes, there are limited evidence-based resources to support self-management when traveling across multiple time zones<i>. </i>Here, we compared glycemic control on Insulin Degludec versus GlargineU100 as the basal insulin for adults using multiple daily injections (MDI) while travelling across multiple time zones.<i></i></p> <p> </p> <p><b>Research Design and Methods</b></p> <p>This randomized crossover pilot study compared Insulin Degludec versus Glargine U100 for adults with type 1 diabetes using MDI insulin during long-haul travel to and from Hawaii to New York. Insulin Degludec was administered daily at the same time regardless of time zone and Glargine was administered per travel algorithm. Primary endpoint was percent time in range (TIR) between 70-140 mg/dl during the initial 24 hours after each direction of travel. Secondary endpoints include standard continuous glucose monitoring metrics, jet lag, fatigue and sleep.</p> <p> </p> <p><b>Results</b></p> <p>A total of 25 participants were enrolled in the study [56% female, age 35 ±14.5 (mean ±SD) years, HbA_1C of 7.4 ±1.2% (57±13.1 mmol/mol), diabetes duration of 20.6 ±15 years). There was no significant difference in glycemic outcomes between the two arms of the study including TIR, hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. Neither group achieved >70% TIR 70-180 mg/dL during travel. Jetlag was greater on Glargine U100 in Eastward travel but not Westward. Fatigue was greater after Westward travel on Glargine. Sleep was not significantly different between basal insulins.</p> <p><b> </b></p> <p><b>Conclusion</b></p> <p>In adults with type 1 diabetes using MDI of insulin and travelling across multiple time zones, glycemic outcomes were similar comparing Insulin Degludec and Glargine U100.</p>

Travelling Across Time Zones With Type 1 Diabetes: A Pilot Study Comparing Insulin Degludec With Insulin Glargine U100

<b>Objective </b> <p>For people with type 1 diabetes, there are limited evidence-based resources to support self-management when traveling across multiple time zones<i>. </i>Here, we compared glycemic control on Insulin Degludec versus GlargineU100 as the basal insulin for adults using multiple daily injections (MDI) while travelling across multiple time zones.<i></i></p> <p> </p> <p><b>Research Design and Methods</b></p> <p>This randomized crossover pilot study compared Insulin Degludec versus Glargine U100 for adults with type 1 diabetes using MDI insulin during long-haul travel to and from Hawaii to New York. Insulin Degludec was administered daily at the same time regardless of time zone and Glargine was administered per travel algorithm. Primary endpoint was percent time in range (TIR) between 70-140 mg/dl during the initial 24 hours after each direction of travel. Secondary endpoints include standard continuous glucose monitoring metrics, jet lag, fatigue and sleep.</p> <p> </p> <p><b>Results</b></p> <p>A total of 25 participants were enrolled in the study [56% female, age 35 ±14.5 (mean ±SD) years, HbA_1C of 7.4 ±1.2% (57±13.1 mmol/mol), diabetes duration of 20.6 ±15 years). There was no significant difference in glycemic outcomes between the two arms of the study including TIR, hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. Neither group achieved >70% TIR 70-180 mg/dL during travel. Jetlag was greater on Glargine U100 in Eastward travel but not Westward. Fatigue was greater after Westward travel on Glargine. Sleep was not significantly different between basal insulins.</p> <p><b> </b></p> <p><b>Conclusion</b></p> <p>In adults with type 1 diabetes using MDI of insulin and travelling across multiple time zones, glycemic outcomes were similar comparing Insulin Degludec and Glargine U100.</p>