Technical and Engineering Challenges Faced in Design of the Gelugor Mainline, Penang, Malaysia

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Khairiri ◽  
Abdul Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Gas Utilization ◽  
Gravity Flows ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Environmentally Sensitive ◽  
Pipeline Design ◽  
Electrical Cables

PETRONAS Gas Berhad (PGB), a listed partly-owned subsidiary of PETRONAS is undertaking the Peninsular Gas Utilization Project - Stage III (PGU III). The PGU III Sector 2 & 3 project extends from Lumut, Perak to Pauh, Perlis on the West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia, with two laterals, the Gurun Lateral and the Penang Lateral. The Penang Lateral is further divided into the Prai Lateral, Gelugor Mainline and the Gelugor Tenaga National Berhad (TNB) Meter Station project individually. This paper will focus its’ discussion on the technical and engineering challenges faced in the design of the Gelugor Mainline Project. The Gelugor Mainline consist of about 7 km NPS 24 gas pipeline which runs from TNB Prai Power Plant of the mainline to TNB Gelugor Power Plant on the Penang Island. The pipeline is planned to operate at high pressure. The pipeline route traverses complex terrain with varied seabed lithology with depth up to 16m. The pipeline will cross active shipping lane, zones of live electrical cables, extensive system of submarine pipeline, mudbank and areas susceptible to mass gravity flows. There is also an area subjected to future development with an expected 170 kN/m2 distributed load with 3 m covers required which is an expressway and Light Rapid Transportation (LRT) system, the proposed development of a “Vision City” is also a few meters away from the pipeline. The pipeline also passes by an environmentally sensitive area that includes the rearing of caged fishing activities. It is essential for the project team to determine and investigate the variable risks to the pipeline in order to take appropriate evasive and mitigating action in design. This required comprehensive survey activities in the busy shipping straits. The paper will explore and detail out its’ study starting from the description of the design concept to the varied environmental challenges. This paper aims to describe the route selection process, the pipeline design process and outline some of the specialist techniques employed in the design construction of the Gelugor Mainline, Penang, Malaysia. In nearly every major project a drive for cost and risk reduction results in a number of new ideas with varying degree of impact. Hence, the following areas will be elaborated and presented in greater details: • Pipeline Design. • Pipe-lay vessel. • Pipeline installation methodology.

scholarly journals Risk Analysis of Associated Gas Utilization in Power Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 858-863
Author(s):  
Isaiah Allison ◽  
Roupa Agbadede
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Performance Simulation ◽  
Associated Gas ◽  
Gas Utilization ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
Gas Turbine Power Plant

This study presents the analysis of associated gas fueled gas turbine power plant with a view to harnessing associated gas. GASTURB performance simulation software was employed to model and simulate the design and off design performance of the various engines that made up the power plant investigated. Monte Carlo Simulation using Palisade’s @RISK software was employed to conduct the risk analysis of associated fueled gas turbine by incorporating different variables. A decline rate of -13% was applied over the 20-year period of power plant life, beginning from Year 2015. When the distribution curves for the clean and degraded conditions of DS25 engine set were compared, the plots show that the clean condition generates higher profit than the degraded condition.  Also, when the clean condition for DS25 and LM6K engine sets were compared, the distribution curve plots show that the cluster of DS25 engine set generates a higher profit than the LM6K engine set.

The Many Shades of Green

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (01) ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan S. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Six Sigma ◽  
Lean Manufacturing ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Iso 14001 ◽  
Capital Projects ◽  
Environmentally Sensitive ◽  
The Many ◽  
Reducing Energy

This review focuses on the fact that there are many ways to be green, and American manufacturers are trying them all. From reducing energy use and recycling water to implementing ISO 14001 sustainability programs and reusing packaging, US factories are embracing a more environmentally sensitive manufacturing ethos as fast as they can. There are many ways to be green. Ratcheting down energy use, for example, automatically reduces a plant’s carbon footprint, because either it burns less natural gas or it buys less electricity from a power plant that burns coal or gas. Companies around the nation have also turned their Six Sigma, lean manufacturing, and other tools on solid waste. If a material does not add value to a product, they eliminate it. Many work with vendors to reduce packaging. The less packaging, the less energy is used in a product. Capital projects are even harder to push through, yet they are necessary for further gains once companies have plucked waste reduction’s low-hanging fruit.

Nuclear Power Plant Siting Guideline for Peninsular Malaysia

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ir. Mohd Noh Ahmad ◽  
Ahmad Rosly Abbas ◽  
Mohd Nadzari Ismail ◽  
Md Fauzan Kamal Mohd Yapandi ◽  
Mohd Fadzil Mohd Siam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia

Differential Burst Pressure of Marine Pipelines as an Independent Layer of Protection

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirous F. Yasseri ◽  
R. B. Mahani
Keyword(s):  
Burst Pressure ◽  
Offshore Pipelines ◽  
First Order ◽  
Reliability Method ◽  
Structural Fuse ◽  
Environmentally Sensitive ◽  
Protection Layer ◽  
Pressure Surge ◽  
Pipeline Design

Offshore pipelines and risers are designed to different codes leading to different reliability targets, and different wall thicknesses. Pipeline design codes also differentiate between areas where people are present and those with no population or less environmentally sensitive. As a result, the offshore section of the pipeline (with “thinner walls”) could be considered to work as a structural fuse during an unforeseen pressure surge; if the pipeline bursts first, then the occupants of platform would be exposed to less risk than if the riser or pipeline in the vicinity of the platform were to fail. This implies that differential burst pressure could act as an Independent Protection Layer (IPL). This paper explores conditions that sections of a pipeline must satisfy in order to be considered as an IPL. A first order reliability method is outlined for determining the required target reliability. The application of this approach is described in a case study.

Set Theory Generated by Abelian Group Theory

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul C. Eklof
Keyword(s):  
Group Theory ◽  
Abelian Group ◽  
Set Theory ◽  
Identity Element ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Group Operation ◽  
Independence Result ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Free Abelian Groups

Introduction. This survey is intended to introduce to logicians some notions, methods and theorems in set theory which arose—largely through the work of Saharon Shelah—out of (successful) attempts to solve problems in abelian group theory, principally the Whitehead problem and the closely related problem of the existence of almost free abelian groups. While Shelah's first independence result regarding the Whitehead problem used established set-theoretical methods (discussed below), his later work required new ideas; it is on these that we focus. We emphasize the nature of the new ideas and the historical context in which they arose, and we do not attempt to give precise technical definitions in all cases, nor to include a comprehensive survey of the algebraic results.In fact, very little algebraic background is needed beyond the definitions of group and group homomorphism. Unless otherwise specified, we will use the word “group” to refer to an abelian group, that is, the group operation is commutative. The group operation will be denoted by +, the identity element by 0, and the inverse of a by −a. We shall use na as an abbreviation for a + a + … + a [n times] if n is positive, and na = (−n)(−a) if n is negative.

Development of Designing Software of Pallet Container Package

2012 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 482-486
Author(s):  
Yan Yuan ◽  
Le Cao
Keyword(s):  
Work Flow ◽  
Storage Space ◽  
Improve Working ◽  
Package Design ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Design Software ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Working Efficiency

Based on comprehensive survey of development of pallet package, design software of pallet container package based on Visual C++ demonstrates the architecture of software, the module of design of the scheme of stacking and the module of optimization of the scheme of stacking. The results show that this software could design and optimize the scheme of carton stacking, ensure the safety of transportation, increase the surface and storage space utilization of the pallet, reduce the packing charges, improve working efficiency and have great application value. Mathematical model established in the research, core algorithm and work flow provide the design and optimization of transport package with new ideas and methods.

scholarly journals The Participation and Motivations of Grant Peer Reviewers: A Comprehensive Survey

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A Gallo ◽  
Lisa A Thompson ◽  
Karen B Schmaling ◽  
Scott R Glisson
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Funding Agency ◽  
Grant Applications ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Funding Agencies ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Peer Reviewers ◽  
Grant Proposals

AbstractScientific peer reviewers play an integral role in the grant selection process, yet very little has been reported on the levels of participation or the motivations of scientists to take part in peer review. AIBS developed a comprehensive peer review survey that examined the motivations and levels of participation of grant reviewers. The survey was disseminated to 13,091 scientists in AIBS’s proprietary database. Of the 874 respondents, 76% indicated they had reviewed grant applications in the last 3 years; however, the number of reviews was unevenly distributed across this sample. Higher review loads were associated with respondents who had submitted more grant proposals over this time period, some of whom were likely to be study section members for large funding agencies. The most prevalent reason to participate in a review was to give back to the scientific community (especially among frequent grant submitters) and the most common reason to decline an invitation to review was lack of time. Interestingly, few suggested that expectation from the funding agency was a motivation to review. Most felt that review participation positively influenced their careers through improving grantsmanship and exposure to new scientific ideas. Of those who reviewed, respondents reported dedicating 2-5% of their total annual work time to grant review and, based on their self-reported maximum review loads, it is estimated they are participating at 56%-89% of their capacity, which may have important implications regarding the sustainability of the system. Overall, it is clear that participation in peer review is uneven and in some cases near capacity, and more needs to be done to create new motivations and incentives to increase the future pool of reviewers.

scholarly journals Siting Consideration for Nuclear Power Plant: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Adil Khattak ◽  
Aishah Umairah ◽  
Mohamad Amirudin Mohamad Rosli ◽  
Syeheer Sabri ◽  
Mohammad Akmal Saad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Geographical Environment ◽  
Detailed Evaluation ◽  
Regulatory Bodies

The purpose of this research is to study in detail about the site selection process in nuclear power plant (NPP) construction. There are various factors that contribute to the site selection which involves in-depth investigation and detailed evaluation before the site is being finalized and proposed. There are two main objectives in siting of NPP; ensuring the technical and economic feasibility of the plant and minimising potential adverse impacts on the community and environment. Geographical environment also plays an important role in siting of NPP where the source of water should be abundance. Country requirement for siting of NPP would be different for every country where they are controlled by their own regulatory bodies. About 64 published studies (1967-2017) are reviewed in this paper. It is marked from the literature survey articles that siting process is extremely crucial step in constructing NPP where public acceptance is one of the main factors, that need to be considered. Malaysia is one of the new countries embark in nuclear industry that still is in the planning phase to plan and construct its first NPP.

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