Experimental Study on Ultimate Strength of Single and Double Type Bellows Under Internal Pressure

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori Ando ◽  
Hiroki Yada ◽  
Kazuyuki Tsukimori ◽  
Masakazu Ichimiya ◽  
Yoshinari Anoda
Keyword(s):  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Fast Reactor ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Primary Coolant ◽  
Containment Vessel ◽  
Safety Margins ◽  
Intermediate Heat Exchanger

Containment vessel is an important structure to prevent a significant and sudden radioactive release, however, the safety margin of the containment vessel against the internal or external pressure are not numerically clarified. Namely, the safety margins due to the relationship of the ultimate toughness of containment vessel structures and maximum design pressure is not clear. Indeed, to clarify the progress of the events under the beyond design basis events (BDBE) and to design the BDBE countermeasure equipment, it is necessary to evaluate the pressure toughness of containment vessel adequately. The containment vessel of fast reactor is composed of the various structures, and one of the thinnest boundary structures is bellows structure to absorb the thermal expansion of the coolant piping penetrating the containment vessel. In addition to the containment vessel boundary, evaluating the pressure toughness of reactor coolant and gas boundary is also important because of same reason of that in the containment vessel boundary. In the primary coolant and gas boundary, the cover gas bellows of the intermediate heat exchanger in fast reactor is one of the thinnest structures and has important role when the progress of the BDBE is considered. Therefore, in order to develop the evaluation method of the pressure toughness of bellows structure under the BDBE, the pressure failure tests and finite element analysis of the bellows structure subjected to internal pressure were performed in this study.

Experimental Study on Ultimate Strength of a Ellipsoidal Dished Head Plate Under Pressure on Convex Surface

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Yada ◽  
Masanori Ando ◽  
Kazuyuki Tsukimori ◽  
Masakazu Ichimiya ◽  
Yoshinari Anoda
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Convex Surface ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Fem Analysis ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Containment Vessel ◽  
Side Pressure ◽  
Safety Margins ◽  
Intermediate Heat Exchanger ◽  
Radioactive Release

Containment vessel is an important structure to prevent a significant and sudden radioactive release, however, the safety margin of the containment vessel against the internal or external pressure are not numerically clarified. Namely, the safety margins due to the relationship of the ultimate toughness of containment vessel structures and maximum design pressure is not clear. Indeed, to clarify the progress of events under the beyond design basis events (BDBE) and to design the BDBE countermeasure equipment, it is necessary to evaluate the pressure toughness of containment vessel adequately. The containment vessel of fast reactor is composed of the various structures. The head plate that forms the boundary between primary and secondary coolant in intermediate heat exchanger has an important role when the progress of the BDBE is considered. In this study, in order to develop the evaluation method of the pressure toughness of the head plate under the BDBE, the ultimate pressure test of the head plate test specimen subjected to convex side pressure was performed, and also FEM analysis was performed for discussion.

Effect of 3-D Initial Imperfections on the Deformation Behaviors of Head Plates Subjected to Convex Side Pressure

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Yada ◽  
Masanori Ando ◽  
Kazuyuki Tsukimori ◽  
Masakazu Ichimiya ◽  
Yoshinari Anoda
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Convex Side ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Containment Vessel ◽  
Side Pressure ◽  
Post Buckling

Containment vessel (CV) of nuclear power plants is an important structure to prevent a significant and sudden radioactive release, however, the safety margin of the containment vessel against the internal or external pressure are not numerically clarified. The head plate is one of the components which constitute the CV boundary. In order to develop the evaluation method of the pressure toughness of the head plate at beyond design basis events, the pressure failure tests and finite element analysis of the head plates subjected to convex side pressure were performed. In the tests, non-axisymmetric deformations with local deformation concentration were observed in post buckling behavior in the case of the thin thickness head plate. In this study, to evaluate these non-axisymmetric deformations in the test, finite element analyses using detailed 3-D solid model constructed by precise dimensions of the head plates measured by 3-D scanner were performed. Moreover, FEA using simplified model with uniform or non-uniform thickness model were performed. Through a series of FEA, it was clarified the effect of each thickness pattern on post buckling non-axisymmetric deformation.

Fitness for Service Assessments of Bulging and Out-of-Round Structures

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Carter ◽  
D. L. Marriott ◽  
M. J. Swindeman
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Structural Imperfection ◽  
Level 2

This paper examines techniques for the evaluation of two kinds of structural imperfection, namely bulging subject to internal pressure, and out-of-round imperfections subject to external pressure, with and without creep. Comparisons between comprehensive finite element analysis and API 579 Level 2 techniques are made. It is recommended that structural, as opposed to material, failures such as these should be assessed with a structural model that explicitly represents the defect.

Design Evaluation Method of Steel-Plate Reinforced Concrete Structure Containment Vessel for Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 645-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiko Yamamoto ◽  
◽  
Atsushi Katoh ◽  
Yoshitaka Chikazawa ◽  
Kazuo Negishi
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Fast Reactor ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Design Evaluation ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structure ◽  
Construction Period ◽  
Containment Vessel ◽  
Structural Parts ◽  
A Site

The Japan Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor (JSFR) adopts the new concept of a containment vessel called a steel-plate-reinforced concrete containment vessel (SCCV). The SCCV is considered to be effective in shortening construction periods by the elimination of rebar work at a site compared with applying a reinforced concrete CV. In addition to this advantage, the SCCV achieves high-quality building structure because steel structural parts are fabricated at a factory prior to site construction. Although the SC structure has been used for buildings at a light-water reactor (LWR), etc., the SC structure has not yet been adopted for the CV. An SFR CV has a lower pressure environment than the LWR CV, although the environmental temperature of the SFR is much higher than that of the LWR in the postulated coolant leakage accident. It is therefore important to investigate its characteristics at high temperature to adopt the SC structure to the JSFR CV because the CV keeps containment functions in accidents to be assumed in design. This paper describes the construction of the design evaluation method from design (construction period shortening) and accident management, experimental, and analytical points of view.

Experimental Demonstration of Failure Modes on Bellows Structures Subject to Internal Pressure

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori Ando ◽  
Hiroki Yada ◽  
Kazuyuki Tsukimori ◽  
Masakazu Ichimiya ◽  
Yoshinari Anoda
Keyword(s):  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Complex Deformation ◽  
Explicit Analysis ◽  
Pressure Failure

In this study, in order to develop the evaluation method of the pressure toughness of bellows structures under the beyond design base event, the pressure failure tests and finite element analysis (FEA) of the bellows structures subjected to internal pressure were performed. Since the several tests and FEA results were reported previously by current authors, the additional tests were performed by the specimen simulating the real setting situation in the actual plant and for demonstrating the plain failure modes. Test specimens consist of the single and double ply bellows made of SUS304 were used. Total five specimens were tested, and one specimen was attached the guard pipe around the bellows to simulate the actual situation in the plant to confirm the effect of the neighbor structures to the ultimate toughness. The maximum pressure obtained in all tests were over 10 times larger than the estimated results of limiting design pressure based on in-plain instability by the EJMA standards; although the test specimens were pressurized exceed the pressure of buckling deformation. Because it is very difficult problem to simulate the inversion of the convolution accompanied convolutions contact for FEA with implicit method, FEA with simplified technique and explicit analysis were performed to simulating the complex deformation of the test specimen, and then these results were estimated in some procedures to compare with the test results. Three failure modes identified in the tests, however, the complex deformation behavior make it difficult to simulate by ordinary FEA procedure and to estimate the ultimate toughness of the bellows structures under the internal pressure. Therefore several kinds of idea for evaluating the ultimate toughness of the bellows structures were execute and suggested.

Finite Element Analysis and Design of an Annular Tank

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogeshwar Hari
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Outer Cylinder ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Seismic Load ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Asme Code

The objective of this paper is to design an annular tank. The annular tank is to store various criticality liquids used in today’s industry. The initial over all dimensions of the annular tank are determined from the capacity of the stored liquids. The design function is performed using the ASME Code Sec VIII Div 1. The annular tank design is broken up into (a) outer cylinder, (b) inner cylinder, (c) top cover, and (d) bottom head. It is supported at the bottom. It is anchored at the top. The deflection of the annular space is a critical requirement. Stresses are usually acceptable because the requirement is on the deflection. For vacuum condition the outer cylinder can be treated for external pressure and the inner cylinder can be treated for internal pressure. For internal pressure condition the design pressure consists of working internal pressure plus static head. For this the outer cylinder can be treated for internal pressure and the inner cylinder can be treated for external pressure. The covers are designed for internal pressure at the bottom where the pressure is the maximum. The designed dimensions are used to recalculate the stresses for the annular tank. The dimensioned annular tank is modeled using STAAD III finite element Software. The stresses from the finite element Software are compared to the stresses obtained from recalculated stresses obtained using ASME Code Sec VIII Div 1. The difference in the stress values is explained. This paper’s main objective is to compare the ASME Code to the finite element analysis. The design is found to be safe for the specific configuration considered. In addition the annular tank is checked for temperature and seismic load conditions, which the code does not address.

scholarly journals Egg Incubation Mechanics of Giant Birds

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 738
Author(s):  
An Yen ◽  
Hsiao-Jou Wu ◽  
Pin-Yi Chen ◽  
Hon-Tsen Yu ◽  
Jia-Yang Juang
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Sexual Size Dimorphism ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Dimensionless Number ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Egg Incubation ◽  
Safety Margins ◽  
Reversed Sexual Size Dimorphism ◽  
Maximum Body

Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to conduct mechanical analyses on eggshells of giant birds, and relate this to the evolution and reproductive behavior of avian species. We aim to (1) investigate mechanical characteristics of eggshell structures of various ratite species, enabling comparisons between species with or without reversed sexual size dimorphism (RSSD); (2) quantify the safety margin provided by RSSD; (3) determine whether the Williams’ egg can have been incubated by an extinct giant bird Genyornis newtoni; (4) determine the theoretical maximum body mass for contact incubation. We use a dimensionless number C to quantify relative shell stiffness with respect to the egg size, allowing for comparison across wide body masses. We find that RSSD in moas significantly increases the safety margin of contact incubation by the lighter males. However, their safety margins are still smaller than those of the moa species without RSSD. Two different strategies were adopted by giant birds—one is RSSD and thinner shells, represented by some moa species; the other is no RSSD and regular shells, represented by the giant elephant bird. Finally, we predicted that the upper limit of body mass for contact incubation was 2000 kg.

Stress Analysis and Progressive Failure Analysis of Multilayered Basalt/Epoxy Composites

2015 ◽  
Vol 766-767 ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander ◽  
B.S.M. Augustine
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Progressive Failure ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Basalt Fibers ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Progressive Failure Analysis ◽  
Filament Wound

Constructions of pressure vessels like rocket launch vehicles, missiles, rocket propellant tanks, and filament wound pipes for civil and military applications are made out of high strength, high stiffness and light weight composites filaments. Filament winding techniques are used for fabrication of such cylinders and pipes. Many materials like glass fibers, carbon fibers and Kevlar fibers are used due to their good strength when it is subjected to internal pressure as well as external pressure. Basalt fibers are new materials that are fabricated from hard dense basalt rocks. Basalt fibers can be used in the place glass fibers due to their good mechanical behavior when subjected to internal pressure. Plates and beams generally resists bending loads and pipes and tube structures resists internal forces developed through internal and external pressure. This work concentrates the fabrication of filament wound pipes using filament wound techniques and the burst pressure test is carried out. In fuel tanks of rockets, If any one of the layer fails due to internal pressure, there will be mild leakage. For this reason it is mandatory to find out the ply by ply failure. The first ply failure of basalt filament wound pipes subjected to internal pressure is calculated using Finite element analysis. Then the stress and progressive failure analysis was carried out. Maximum stress failure criterion is used for the finite element analysis.

Study of an Alternative Material for the Manufacture of Subsea Umbilical Hydraulic Hoses

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilson Pasqualino ◽  
Marysilvia da Costa ◽  
Geovana Drumond
Keyword(s):  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Polyamide 11 ◽  
Nonlinear Finite Elements ◽  
Alternative Material ◽  
Eventual Collapse

Hydraulic hoses are components of subsea umbilicals that are responsible for Xmas tree gate valves actuation. These hoses are susceptible to collapse by external pressure and, since they are fabricated of rigid polymers, this failure can lead to strain concentration at specific points across the circumference, leading to rupture due to high internal pressure. The objective of this work is to study an alternative material to be employed in the manufacture of the hydraulic hose liner that can support the internal pressure (associated to the aramid layer) after an eventual collapse, and that have no chemical interaction with the hydraulic fluid used. This study is based on the comparison between the material currently used (Polyamide 11) and a fluorinated elastomer, Viton®. To compare the mechanical behavior of both materials, uniaxial tensile tests as well as nonlinear finite elements models were performed. The results obtained by finite element analysis showed that both, Polyamide 11 and Viton®, did not fail under external pressure. However, Polyamide 11 concentrates high plastic deformations after collapse that can lead to located hose rupture under internal pressure. For Viton®, it was found that the material concentrates deformations during collapse but these deformations are recovered when internal pressure is applied. Considering that the external aramid layer is responsible to withstand the internal pressure in both cases, Viton® can successfully replace Polyamide 11 for this application.

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