An In Vitro Model to Quantify the Effects of Fluid Shear Stress on Lymphatic Pump Function

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Kornuta ◽  
Arina Korneva ◽  
J. Brandon Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Balance ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Fluid Shear Stress ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Fluid Shear ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Clinical Problems

Nearly all tissues are supported by the lymphatic system for a variety of functions, including the regulation of fluid balance, the removal of particulate matter from the interstitium, as well as the transport of fat from the intestine to the blood, among others. Despite these important functions, very little is known about the particular mechanisms through which the lymphatics fulfill these roles. Lymphedema, a chronic disease characterized by an inability of the lymphatics to maintain tissue homeostasis and estimated to affect over 130 million people worldwide, can result in serious clinical problems for which there are very few beneficial cures or therapies [1]. While fluid stagnation is the primary clinical manifestation of the disease, severe lymphedema is often correlated with tissue remodeling and the gross accumulation of lipid [1]. Given these symptoms, one must consider the breakdown in the lymphatic response to mechanical load (i.e. fluid balance) in order to understand the progression of the disease.

Fibroblast responses to mechanical forces

1998 ◽  
Vol 212 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Eastwood ◽  
D A McGrouther ◽  
R A Brown
Keyword(s):  
Cell Shape ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mesenchymal Cell ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Collagen Lattice ◽  
Tensional Homeostasis ◽  
Vitro Model

The repair and maintenance of connective tissues is performed predominately by a mesenchymal cell known as a fibroblast. The activity of this cell is regulated, in part, by changes in the mechanical environment in which it resides. The authors have addressed some of the questions related to the fibroblast and how it responds to mechanical stimulation. An in vitro model, the ‘culture force monitor’, and its derivative, the tensioning culture force monitor have been developed enabling quantitative investigations to be performed on fibroblasts in a collagen lattice. Results have shown that a fibroblast can generate a force of approximately 10−10 N, as a result of change in cell shape and attachment, while in a three-dimensional collagen lattice. Application of a physiologically similar mechanical load has shown that fibroblasts have the ability to maintain a tensional homeostasis of approximately 40–60×10−5 N per million cells, change cellular morphology in a predictable manner and biochemically modify their resident environment.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Removal of Sucrose-Supplemented Interproximal Plaque by Electric Toothbrushes in an In Vitro Model

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 1114-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Hope ◽  
A. Petrie ◽  
M. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Model ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Fluid Shear ◽  
Shear Forces ◽  
Plaque Removal ◽  
Plaque Development ◽  
Viable Bacteria ◽  
Vitro Model

ABSTRACT Electric toothbrushes were evaluated using a model of plaque removal by fluid shear forces. Sucrose supplementation during plaque development did not affect the removal of bacteria from biofilm exposed to low-energy shear but did increase their resistance to high-energy shear. The toothbrush supplying high-energy shear forces removed significantly more viable bacteria.

scholarly journals See-saw rocking: an in vitro model for mechanotransduction research

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (97) ◽  
pp. 20140330 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Tucker ◽  
P. Henningsson ◽  
S. L. Franklin ◽  
D. Chen ◽  
Y. Ventikos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Fluid Shear Stress ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Maximum Shear Stress ◽  
Cell Monolayer ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Fluid Shear ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Vitro Model

In vitro mechanotransduction studies, uncovering the basic science of the response of cells to mechanical forces, are essential for progress in tissue engineering and its clinical application. Many varying investigations have described a multitude of cell responses; however, as the precise nature and magnitude of the stresses applied are infrequently reported and rarely validated, the experiments are often not comparable, limiting research progress. This paper provides physical and biological validation of a widely available fluid stimulation device, a see-saw rocker, as an in vitro model for cyclic fluid shear stress mechanotransduction. This allows linkage between precisely characterized stimuli and cell monolayer response in a convenient six-well plate format. Models of one well were discretized and analysed extensively using computational fluid dynamics to generate convergent, stable and consistent predictions of the cyclic fluid velocity vectors at a rocking frequency of 0.5 Hz, accounting for the free surface. Validation was provided by comparison with flow velocities measured experimentally using particle image velocimetry. Qualitative flow behaviour was matched and quantitative analysis showed agreement at representative locations and time points. Maximum shear stress of 0.22 Pa was estimated near the well edge, and time-average shear stress ranged between 0.029 and 0.068 Pa. Human tenocytes stimulated using the system showed significant increases in collagen and GAG secretion at 2 and 7 day time points. This in vitro model for mechanotransduction provides a versatile, flexible and inexpensive method for the fluid shear stress impact on biological cells to be studied.

An in vitro model for investigation of vitamin A effects on wound healing

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Hoda Keshmiri Neghab ◽  
Mohammad Hasan Soheilifar ◽  
Gholamreza Esmaeeli Djavid
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Endothelial Cell Migration ◽  
Normal Fibroblast ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Vitro Model

Abstract. Wound healing consists of a series of highly orderly overlapping processes characterized by hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Prolongation or interruption in each phase can lead to delayed wound healing or a non-healing chronic wound. Vitamin A is a crucial nutrient that is most beneficial for the health of the skin. The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of vitamin A on regeneration, angiogenesis, and inflammation characteristics in an in vitro model system during wound healing. For this purpose, mouse skin normal fibroblast (L929), human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC), and monocyte/macrophage-like cell line (RAW 264.7) were considered to evaluate proliferation, angiogenesis, and anti-inflammatory responses, respectively. Vitamin A (0.1–5 μM) increased cellular proliferation of L929 and HUVEC (p < 0.05). Similarly, it stimulated angiogenesis by promoting endothelial cell migration up to approximately 4 fold and interestingly tube formation up to 8.5 fold (p < 0.01). Furthermore, vitamin A treatment was shown to decrease the level of nitric oxide production in a dose-dependent effect (p < 0.05), exhibiting the anti-inflammatory property of vitamin A in accelerating wound healing. These results may reveal the therapeutic potential of vitamin A in diabetic wound healing by stimulating regeneration, angiogenesis, and anti-inflammation responses.

A new in vitro model for pre-transplantation diagnosis of frozen/thawed human ovarian tissue

2011 ◽  
Vol 71 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Salama ◽  
K Winkler ◽  
KF Murach ◽  
S Hofer ◽  
L Wildt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Human Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Vitro Model
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