Finite Element Modelling of In Vitro Articular Cartilage Wear in the Patellofemoral Joint

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingmin Li ◽  
Shantanu Patil ◽  
Nick Steklov ◽  
Won Bae ◽  
Darryl D. D’Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Computational Simulation ◽  
Knee Kinematics ◽  
Cartilage Degradation ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Cartilage Wear ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
A Site

The mechanism by which altered knee joint motions and loads (e.g., following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury) contribute to the development of knee osteoarthritis (OA) is not well understood. One mechanobiological hypothesis is that articular cartilage degradation is initiated when altered knee kinematics increase loading on certain regions of the articular surfaces and decrease loading on other regions [1]. If homeostatic loading conditions vary from region to region, then load changes induced by altered kinematics could initiate cartilage degradation in a site-specific manner. This hypothesis is attractive from a computational simulation perspective since it is based on mechanical factors that lend themselves well to physical modeling. If computational simulations could predict the knee OA development process, then they could potentially be used to facilitate the design of new or improved treatments for the disease.

Computational Simulation of Articular Cartilage Wear in the Patellofemoral Joint During In Vitro Testing

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingmin Li ◽  
Shantanu Patil ◽  
Nick Steklov ◽  
Won Bae ◽  
Michele Temple-Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Computational Simulation ◽  
Knee Kinematics ◽  
Cartilage Degradation ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Cartilage Wear ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
A Site

The mechanism by which altered knee joint motions and loads (e.g., following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury) contribute to the development of knee osteoarthritis (OA) is not well understood. One mechanobiological hypothesis is that articular cartilage degradation is initiated when altered knee kinematics increase loading on certain regions of the articular surfaces and decrease loading on other regions [1,2]. If homeostatic loading conditions vary from region to region, then load changes induced by altered kinematics could initiate cartilage degradation in a site-specific manner. This hypothesis is attractive from a computational simulation perspective since it is based on mechanical factors that lend themselves well to physical modeling. If computational simulations could reproduce the knee OA development process, then they potentially could be used to facilitate the design of new or improved treatments for the disease.

scholarly journals Tetrandrine Inhibits the Wnt/β-Catenin Signalling Pathway and Alleviates Osteoarthritis: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xindie Zhou ◽  
Weijun Li ◽  
Lifeng Jiang ◽  
Jiapeng Bao ◽  
Lijiang Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Cartilage Degradation ◽  
Signalling Pathway ◽  
Tissue Inhibitor Of Metalloproteinase ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Transaction Model ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

There is currently no effective drug treatment for the early phase of osteoarthritis (OA), one of the most common senile diseases. The goal of this study was to investigate the protective effect of the tetrandrine (Tet) on OA, in vitro and in vivo. In an in vitro experiment, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to investigate changes in gene expression upon the addition of Tet in chondrocytes processed with IL-1β; changes in protein profiles were assessed by Western blotting. In vivo, to determine whether Tet has the protective effects on articular cartilage, a rabbit anterior cruciate ligament transaction model of OA was established. Expression of matrix metalloproteinase andβ-catenin genes increased significantly, while that of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 decreased significantly in the OA group both in vivo and in chondrocytes. However, the changes of expression were reversed by Tet, and there was less cartilage degradation in vivo compared with the OA group, as assessed by histological and macroscopic observations. Thus, Tet may play a useful role in the treatment of OA through the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway and has potential for the treatment of OA.

scholarly journals SOST Deficiency Aggravates Osteoarthritis in Mice by Promoting Sclerosis of Subchondral Bone

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jingyu Li ◽  
Junjie Xue ◽  
Yan Jing ◽  
Manyi Wang ◽  
Rui Shu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Cartilage Degradation ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Sost Gene ◽  
Bone Sclerosis ◽  
The Difference

As the initial part in the development of osteoarthritis (OA), subchondral bone sclerosis has been considered to be initiated by excess mechanical loading and proven to be correlated to other pathological changes. Sclerostin, which is an essential mechanical stress response protein, is encoded by the SOST gene. It is expressed in osteocytes and mature chondrocytes and has been proven to be closely correlated to OA. However, the relationship and mechanism between the SOST gene and the development of OA remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of the SOST gene in OA pathogenesis in the subchondral bone. A knee anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) mouse osteoarthritis (OA) model on SOST-knockout (SOST KO) and wild-type (WT) mice was established. The pathogenic and phenotypic changes in the subchondral bone were investigated by histology, micro-CT, immunohistochemistry, TRAP staining, Masson staining, and Toluidine blue staining. It was found that sclerostin expression decreased in both the calcified cartilage and mineralized subchondral structures during the development of OA. Joint instability induced a severe cartilage degradation phenotype, with higher OARSI scores in SOST KO mice, when compared to WT mice. SOST KO mice with OA exhibited a higher BMD and BV/TV ratio, as well as a higher rate of bone remodeling and TRAP-positive cell number, when compared to the WT counterparts, but the difference was not significant between the sham-operation groups. It was concluded that loss of sclerostin aggravates knee OA in mice by promoting subchondral bone sclerosis and increasing catabolic activity of cartilage.

scholarly journals Treadmill Exercise after Controlled Abnormal Joint Movement Inhibits Cartilage Degeneration and Synovitis

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
Yuichiro Oka ◽  
Kenij Murata ◽  
Kaichi Ozone ◽  
Takuma Kano ◽  
Yuki Minegishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Cartilage Degeneration ◽  
Research Society ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Joint Movement ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Safranin O ◽  
Walking Group

Cartilage degeneration is the main pathological component of knee osteoarthritis (OA), but no effective treatment for its control exists. Although exercise can inhibit OA, the abnormal joint movement with knee OA must be managed to perform exercise. Our aims were to determine how controlling abnormal joint movement and treadmill exercise can suppress cartilage degeneration, to analyze the tissues surrounding articular cartilage, and to clarify the effect of treatment. Twelve-week-old ICR mice (n = 24) underwent anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACL-T) surgery on their right knees and were divided into three groups as follows: ACL-T, animals in the walking group subjected to ACL-T; controlled abnormal joint movement (CAJM), and CAJM with exercise (CAJM + Ex) (n = 8/group). Walking-group animals were subjected to treadmill exercise 6 weeks after surgery, including walking for 18 m/min, 30 min/day, 3 days/week for 8 weeks. Safranin-O staining, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and immunohistochemical staining were performed. The OARSI (Osteoarthritis research Society international) score was lower in the CAJM group than in the ACL-T group and was even lower in the CAJM + Ex group. The CAJM group had a lower meniscal injury score than the ACL-T group, and the CAJM + Ex group demonstrated a less severe synovitis than the ACL-T and CAJM groups. The observed difference in the perichondrium tissue damage score depending on the intervention method suggests different therapeutic effects, that normalizing joint motion can solve local problems in the knee joint, and that the anti-inflammatory effect of treadmill exercise can suppress cartilage degeneration.

scholarly journals Whether sutures reduce the graft laceration caused by interference screw in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction? A biomechanical study in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanjun Teng ◽  
Xiaohui Zhang ◽  
Lijun Da ◽  
Jie Hu ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acl Reconstruction ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Interference Screw ◽  
Biomechanical Study ◽  
Interference Screws ◽  
Suture Group ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Biomechanical Tests ◽  
Single Insertion

Abstract Background Interference screw is commonly used for graft fixation in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. However, previous studies had reported that the insertion of interference screws significantly caused graft laceration. The purposes of this study were to (1) quantitatively evaluate the graft laceration from one single insertion of PEEK interference screws; and (2) determine whether different types of sutures reduced the graft laceration after one single insertion of interference screws in ACL reconstruction. Methods The in-vitro ACL reconstruction model was created using porcine tibias and bovine extensor digitorum tendons of bovine hind limbs. The ends of grafts were sutured using three different sutures, including the bioabsorbable, Ethibond and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) sutures. Poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) interference screws were used for tibial fixation. This study was divided into five groups (n = 10 in each group): the non-fixed group, the non-sutured group, the absorbable suture group, the Ethibond suture group and the UHMWPE suture group. Biomechanical tests were performed using the mode of pull-to-failure loading tests at 10 mm/min. Tensile stiffness (newtons per millimeter), energy absorbed to failure (in joules) and ultimate load (newtons) were recorded for analysis. Results All prepared tendons and bone specimens showed similar characteristics (length, weight, and pre-tension of the tendons, tibial bone mineral density) among all groups (P > 0.05). The biomechanical tests demonstrated that PEEK interference screws significantly caused the graft laceration (P < 0.05). However, all sutures (the bioabsorbable, Ethibond and UHMWPE sutures) did not reduce the graft laceration in ACL reconstruction (P > 0.05). Conclusions Our biomechanical study suggested that the ultimate failure load of grafts was reduced of approximately 25 % after one single insertion of a PEEK interference screw in ACL reconstruction. Suturing the ends of the grafts using different sutures (absorbable, Ethibond and UHMWPE sutures) did not decrease the graft laceration caused by interference screws.

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