Design of the ADEOS/TOMS instrument for ozone-trend assessment

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlin J. Krueger ◽  
Glen Jaross ◽  
Ulli G. Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Ozone Trend ◽  
Trend Assessment

scholarly journals Total column ozone and solar UV-B erythemal irradiance over Kishinev, Moldova

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-209
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Ozone Content ◽  
Solar Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Total Column Ozone ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Ozone Trend ◽  
Solar Uv ◽  
Column Ozone ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Total Column

Results of the total column ozone and ultraviolet (UV-B) erythemally weighted irradiance measurements at the ground-based solar monitoring station at the Kishinev (Moldova) are presented. Diffuse and global components of solar UV-B erythemal irradiance on horizontal plane were continuously measured with sensors UV-S-B-C (of broadband 280-315 nm), Kipp&Zonen. Monthly totals of global and diffuse components of solar UV-B erythemal radiation reveal distinct seasonal variation with respective minimum in winter and maximum in summer. Typical values for these components in limiting cases are presented. A simple polynomial relationship between the global and diffuse components of solar UV-B erythemal radiation measured for cloudless days was derived. It was shown that coefficients of the polynomial depend on daily mean value of aerosol optical thickness (AOT). Collocated measurements of AOT have been carried out with the sunphotometer Cimel CE-318 within the framework of the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) program, managed by NASA/GSFC. Total column ozone content was retrieved from direct solar ultraviolet radiation measurements at 3 discrete wavelengths centered at 305.5, 312.5, and 320 nm within the UV-B range. Ozone measurements were regularly carried out with the hand-held MICROTOPS II Ozonemeter, Solar Light Co. Monthly average values of total column ozone content measured with the MICROTOPS II at the Kishinev are in close agreement with those ones retrieved from the multiyear (1978-2004) database statistics acquired from satellite platforms measurements with the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS). It was shown the existence of seasonal variability of the total column ozone content with respective minimum values observed at the end of autumn and winter, and maximum values observed at the end of winter and in spring. The maximum and minimum of daily mean values of total column ozone ever measured with TOMS at the satellite platforms overpassed Kishinev site, amounted of ~540 DU (on February 19, 1985) and ~204 DU (on December 1, 1999). Yearly mean value of total column ozone measured at the Kishinev was ~ 338 DU. Total column ozone measurements carried out with MICROTOPS at the Kishinev site from September 2003 to August 2004, gave maximum and minimum values of ozone daily means at ~ 489 DU (on February 12, 2004) and ~259 DU (on December 3, 2003). The estimation of total column ozone trend derived from the TOMS multi-year statistics was ~ -10 DU/decade.

scholarly journals Land degradation trend assessment over Iberia during 1982-2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Gouveia ◽  
P. Páscoa ◽  
A. Russo ◽  
R.M. Trigo
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Ipcc Report ◽  
Change Context ◽  
Hydrological Stress ◽  
Trend Assessment ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
One Year ◽  
Land Improvement ◽  
Semi Arid

Land degradation is recognized as an important environmental and social problem in arid and semi-arid regions, particularly within a climate change context. In the last three decades the entire Mediterranean basin has been affected by more frequent droughts, covering large sectors and often lasting more than one year. The Iberian Peninsula has been equally affected by intense drought events since the 1980s. According to the latest IPCC report the Mediterranean region will suffer further hydrological stress in the coming decades, as a consequence of diminishing of precipitation and increasing of average and extreme temperatures. This climatic outlook coupled with the land abandonment and/or intensification of some areas requires a continuous monitoring and early detection of degradation. The present work intends to contribute to such objectives.Land degradation could be stated as a longstanding deterioration in ecosystems productivity. Here we assess the ability of NDVI to be used as an indicator of land degradation over Iberia, from 1982 to 2012. The negative trends of the residuals obtained after removing the precipitation influence on NDVI were assumed to indicate land degradation. A widespread land improvement was observed over Iberia with few hot spots of land degradation located mainly in central and southern sectors and in east Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts. The comparison of spatial patterns of residual trends with dryness for the aridity regions over Iberia highlighted the relatively small fraction of land degradation that experiences an increased dryness, although almost totality belonging to semi-arid region. On the other hand, land improvement is only associated with a tendency of wetness in the northeastern humid sector. Moreover, less than 20% of the area presenting land degradation corresponds to regions associated with land cover changes, being the new land cover types associated with transitional woodland-shrub, permanent and annual crops and permanently irrigated land areas.

scholarly journals Summertime stratospheric processes at northern mid-latitudes: comparisons between MANTRA balloon measurements and the Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 11621-11646 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. L. Melo ◽  
R. Blatherwick ◽  
J. Davies ◽  
P. Fogal ◽  
J. de Grandpré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
Polar Vortex ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Atmospheric Nitrogen ◽  
Vertical Diffusion ◽  
Trend Assessment ◽  
Atmosphere Model ◽  
Vertical Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Self Consistency ◽  
Balloon Measurements

Abstract. In this paper we report on a study conducted using the Middle Atmospheric Nitrogen TRend Assessment (MANTRA) balloon measurements of stratospheric constituents and temperature and the Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model (CMAM) in order to evaluate the ability of the model to reproduce the measured fields and to thereby test our ability to describe mid-latitude summertime stratospheric processes. The MANTRA measurements used here are vertical profiles of ozone, temperature, N2O, CH4, HNO3, and HCl obtained during four campaigns, involving the launch of both ozonesondes and large balloons from Vanscoy, Saskatchewan, Canada (52° N, 107° W). The campaigns were conducted in August and September 1998, 2000, 2002 and 2004. During late summer at mid-latitudes, the stratosphere is close to photochemical control, providing an ideal scenario for the study reported here. From this analysis we found that: (1) reducing the value for the vertical diffusion coefficient in CMAM to a more physically reasonable value results in the model better reproducing the measured profiles of long-lived species; (2) the existence of compact correlations among the constituents, as expected from independent measurements in the literature and from models, confirms the self-consistency of the MANTRA measurements; and (3) the 1998 ozone measurements show a narrow layer of low ozone centered near 25 km that is consistent with fossil debris from the polar vortex, suggesting that localized springtime ozone anomalies can persist through summer, affecting ozone levels at mid-latitudes.

scholarly journals On ozone trend detection: using coupled chemistry–climate simulations to investigate early signs of total column ozone recovery

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 7625-7637 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Keeble ◽  
Hannah Brown ◽  
N. Luke Abraham ◽  
Neil R. P. Harris ◽  
John A. Pyle
Keyword(s):  
Ensemble Member ◽  
Trend Detection ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Total Column Ozone ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Ozone Trend ◽  
Column Ozone ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Total Column ◽  
Natural Cycles

Abstract. Total column ozone values from an ensemble of UM-UKCA model simulations are examined to investigate different definitions of progress on the road to ozone recovery. The impacts of modelled internal atmospheric variability are accounted for by applying a multiple linear regression model to modelled total column ozone values, and ozone trend analysis is performed on the resulting ozone residuals. Three definitions of recovery are investigated: (i) a slowed rate of decline and the date of minimum column ozone, (ii) the identification of significant positive trends and (iii) a return to historic values. A return to past thresholds is the last state to be achieved. Minimum column ozone values, averaged from 60° S to 60° N, occur between 1990 and 1995 for each ensemble member, driven in part by the solar minimum conditions during the 1990s. When natural cycles are accounted for, identification of the year of minimum ozone in the resulting ozone residuals is uncertain, with minimum values for each ensemble member occurring at different times between 1992 and 2000. As a result of this large variability, identification of the date of minimum ozone constitutes a poor measure of ozone recovery. Trends for the 2000–2017 period are positive at most latitudes and are statistically significant in the mid-latitudes in both hemispheres when natural cycles are accounted for. This significance results largely from the large sample size of the multi-member ensemble. Significant trends cannot be identified by 2017 at the highest latitudes, due to the large interannual variability in the data, nor in the tropics, due to the small trend magnitude, although it is projected that significant trends may be identified in these regions soon thereafter. While significant positive trends in total column ozone could be identified at all latitudes by ∼ 2030, column ozone values which are lower than the 1980 annual mean can occur in the mid-latitudes until ∼ 2050, and in the tropics and high latitudes deep into the second half of the 21st century.

scholarly journals Bud blight (Gemmamyces piceae) in the eastern part of the Krušné hory Mountains

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 309-317
Author(s):  
Jiri Sefl ◽  
Veronika Mottlová ◽  
Iva Schořálková
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Blue Spruce ◽  
Picea Pungens ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Sprouting Ability ◽  
Trend Assessment ◽  
Krušné Hory Mountains

A survey was carried out in 2013–2019 on the life cycle of the bud blight Gemmamyces piceae (Borthw.) Casagrande and the trend assessment in the infestation of the Colorado blue spruce Picea pungens Engelm. stands. Four ecologically different plots were chosen in the Fláje region in the Eastern part of the Krušné hory Mountains. The pycnidia were formed at the beginning of June on buds infested the previous year. Later, in the second half of June, they formed on the spring attack buds. Conidia occurred in the first week of July on the buds of the old infestation, or later in the case of the spring attack buds, in the middle of July. The production of conidia lasted till the end of September. Ascospores occurred in the middle of July and were produced until the end of September. The ability of host trees to sprout became continually weaker, along with the defoliation progress. A distinct decline in the sprouting ability was noticed on stands with a dense crown canopy and on stands with competition of broad-leaved trees – with an admixture of birch.

scholarly journals Ozone and temperature decadal trends in the stratosphere, mesosphere and lower thermosphere, based on measurements from SABER on TIMED

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 935-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. T. Huang ◽  
H. G. Mayr ◽  
J. M. Russell ◽  
M. G. Mlynczak
Keyword(s):  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Lower Thermosphere ◽  
Definitive Evidence ◽  
Broadband Emission ◽  
Stratospheric Temperature ◽  
Temperature Trends ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Ozone Trends ◽  
Ozone Trend ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract. We have derived ozone and temperature trends from years 2002 through 2012, from 20 to 100 km altitude, and 48° S to 48° N latitude, based on measurements from the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument on the Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite. For the first time, trends of ozone and temperature measured at the same times and locations are obtained, and their correlations should provide useful information about the relative importance of photochemistry versus dynamics over the longer term. We are not aware of comparable results covering this time period and spatial extent. For stratospheric ozone, until the late 1990s, previous studies found negative trends (decreasing amounts). In recent years, some empirical and modeling studies have shown the occurrence of a turnaround in the decreasing ozone, possibly beginning in the late 1990s, suggesting that the stratospheric ozone trend is leveling off or even turning positive. Our global results add more definitive evidence, expand the coverage, and show that at mid-latitudes (north and south) in the stratosphere, the ozone trends are indeed positive, with ozone having increased by a few percent from 2002 through 2012. However, in the tropics, we find negative ozone trends between 25 and 50 km. For stratospheric temperatures, the trends are mostly negatively correlated to the ozone trends. The temperature trends are positive in the tropics between 30 and 40 km, and between 20 and 25 km, at approximately 24° N and at 24° S latitude. The stratospheric temperature trends are otherwise mostly negative. In the mesosphere, the ozone trends are mostly flat, with suggestions of small positive trends at lower latitudes. The temperature trends in this region are mostly negative, showing decreases of up to ~ −3 K decade−1. In the lower thermosphere (between ~ 85 and 100 km), ozone and temperature trends are both negative. The ozone trend can approach ~ −10% decade−1, and the temperature trend can approach ~ −3 K decade−1. Aside from trends, these patterns of ozone–temperature correlations are consistent with previous studies of ozone and temperature perturbations such as the quasi-biennial (QBO) and semiannual (SAO) oscillations, and add confidence to the results.

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