Staring/focusing lobster-eye hard x-ray imaging for non-astronomical objects

Most of grazing incidence (reflective) X-ray imaging systems used in astronomy and in other (laboratory) applications are based on the Wolter 1 (or modified) arrangement. But there were proposed also other designs and configurations, which are considered for future applications for both in laboratory and (finitely) in space. The Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) lenses as well as various types of Lobster-Eye (LE) optics and MCP/Micropore optics serve as an example. Analogously to Wolter lenses, the X-rays are mostly reflected twice in these systems to create focal images. The KB systems have already found wide usage in laboratory and synchrotron, both application are reviewed and discussed in detail in this paper. While this paper focuses on future possible applications of non-Wolter grazing incidence systems in space and astronomy, we also discuss in detail applications in other areas of science, where (in contrary to astronomy) some of these systems have demonstrated their advantages.

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A detection algorithm for faint sources based on 1-d projection for a lobster-eye x-ray imaging system

Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2020: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray ◽

10.1117/12.2560604 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tatsuya Sawano ◽

Daisuke Yonetoku ◽

Makoto Arimoto ◽

Jin Li ◽

Tatehiro Mihara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Imaging System ◽

Detection Algorithm ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Imaging ◽

Lobster Eye

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Defects of Platelet Function Recognized by X-Ray Imaging and Scanning Electron Microscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100119806 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 610-613

Author(s):

M.G. Baldini ◽

S. Morinaga ◽

D. Minasian ◽

R. Feder ◽

D. Sayre ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Cell Biology ◽

Imaging Technique ◽

Human Platelets ◽

X Rays ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Imaging ◽

Complex Phenomena ◽

Scanning Electron

Contact X-ray imaging is presently developing as an important imaging technique in cell biology. Our recent studies on human platelets have demonstrated that the cytoskeleton of these cells contains photondense structures which can preferentially be imaged by soft X-ray imaging. Our present research has dealt with platelet activation, i.e., the complex phenomena which precede platelet appregation and are associated with profound changes in platelet cytoskeleton. Human platelets suspended in plasma were used. Whole cell mounts were fixed and dehydrated, then exposed to a stationary source of soft X-rays as previously described. Developed replicas and respective grids were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

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Designing high-resolution slow scan CCD-based TEM camera systems

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010012936x ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 946-947

Author(s):

James F. Mancuso ◽

William B. Maxwell ◽

Russell E. Camp ◽

Mark H. Ellisman

Keyword(s):

Fiber Optics ◽

Ccd Camera ◽

High Energy ◽

Phosphor Layer ◽

X Ray ◽

Light Production ◽

Camera Systems ◽

X Ray Imaging ◽

Electron Image ◽

Scintillating Fiber

The imaging requirements for 1000 line CCD camera systems include resolution, sensitivity, and field of view. In electronic camera systems these characteristics are determined primarily by the performance of the electro-optic interface. This component converts the electron image into a light image which is ultimately received by a camera sensor.Light production in the interface occurs when high energy electrons strike a phosphor or scintillator. Resolution is limited by electron scattering and absorption. For a constant resolution, more energy deposition occurs in denser phosphors (Figure 1). In this respect, high density x-ray phosphors such as Gd2O2S are better than ZnS based cathode ray tube phosphors. Scintillating fiber optics can be used instead of a discrete phosphor layer. The resolution of scintillating fiber optics that are used in x-ray imaging exceed 20 1p/mm and can be made very large. An example of a digital TEM image using a scintillating fiber optic plate is shown in Figure 2.

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Ionic homeostasis and subcellular element compartmentation

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010013434x ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 150-151

Author(s):

Ann LeFurgey ◽

Peter Ingram ◽

J.J. Blum ◽

M.C. Carney ◽

L.A. Hawkey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leishmania Major ◽

Ionic Homeostasis ◽

X Ray ◽

Functional Studies ◽

Cell Compartments ◽

X Ray Imaging ◽

Resolution Electron ◽

Multiple Cell ◽

Role Of Zn

Subcellular compartments commonly identified and analyzed by high resolution electron probe x-ray microanalysis (EPXMA) include mitochondria, cytoplasm and endoplasmic or sarcoplasmic reticulum. These organelles and cell regions are of primary importance in regulation of cell ionic homeostasis. Correlative structural-functional studies, based on the static probe method of EPXMA combined with biochemical and electrophysiological techniques, have focused on the role of these organelles, for example, in maintaining cell calcium homeostasis or in control of excitation-contraction coupling. New methods of real time quantitative x-ray imaging permit simultaneous examination of multiple cell compartments, especially those areas for which both membrane transport properties and element content are less well defined, e.g. nuclei including euchromatin and heterochromatin, lysosomes, mucous granules, storage vacuoles, microvilli. Investigations currently in progress have examined the role of Zn-containing polyphosphate vacuoles in the metabolism of Leishmania major, the distribution of Na, K, S and other elements during anoxia in kidney cell nuclel and lysosomes; the content and distribution of S and Ca in mucous granules of cystic fibrosis (CF) nasal epithelia; the uptake of cationic probes by mltochondria in cultured heart ceils; and the junctional sarcoplasmic retlculum (JSR) in frog skeletal muscle.

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