Esoteric elementary particle phenomena in undergraduate physics—spontaneous symmetry breaking and scale invariance

1978 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Greenberger
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Particle ◽  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Scale Invariance

scholarly journals STRONG INTERACTION DYNAMICS FROM SPONTANEOUS SYMMETRY BREAKING OF SCALE INVARIANCE

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 1209-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. I. GUENDELMAN
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Strong Interaction ◽  
Scale Invariance ◽  
Maximal Rank ◽  
Dilaton Field ◽  
Interaction Dynamics ◽  
Temperature Dynamics

Using the mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking of scale invariance obtained from the dynamics of maximal rank field strengths, it is possible to spontaneously generate confining behavior. Introducing a dilaton field, the study of nontrivial confining and de-confining transitions appears possible. This is manifest in two ways at least: One can consider bags which contain an unconfined phase in the internal region and a confined phase outside and also one obtains a simple model for deconfinement at high temperature from the finite temperature dynamics of the dilaton field.

scholarly journals BAGS AND CONFINEMENT GOVERNED BY SPONTANEOUS SYMMETRY BREAKING OF SCALE INVARIANCE

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 4195-4220 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. I. GUENDELMAN
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Gauge Field ◽  
Scale Invariance ◽  
Vacuum Energy ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Flat Space ◽  
Vacuum Energy Density ◽  
Conformally Invariant

A general coordinate invariant theory is constructed where confinement of gauge fields and gauge dynamics in general is governed by the spontaneous symmetry breaking (s.s.b.) of scale invariance. The model uses two measures of integration in the action, the standard [Formula: see text] where g is the determinant of the metric and another measure Φ independent of the metric. To implement scale invariance, a dilaton field is introduced. Using the first-order formalism, curvature (ΦR and [Formula: see text]) terms, gauge field term ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) and dilaton kinetic terms are introduced in a conformally invariant way. Exponential potentials for the dilaton break down (softly) the conformal invariance down to global scale invariance, which also suffers s.s.b. after integrating the equations of motion. The model has a well-defined flat space limit. As a result of the s.s.b. of scale invariance phases with different vacuum energy density appear. Inside the bags, that is in the regions of larger vacuum energy density, the gauge dynamics is normal, that is nonconfining, while for the region of smaller vacuum energy density, the gauge field dynamics is confining. Likewise, the dynamics of scalars, like would be Goldstone bosons, is suppressed inside the bags.

Scale invariance and spontaneous symmetry breaking

1987 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Buchmüller ◽  
N. Dragon
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Scale Invariance

scholarly journals Inertial spontaneous symmetry breaking and quantum scale invariance

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro G. Ferreira ◽  
Christopher T. Hill ◽  
Graham G. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Scale Invariance

CONFINEMENT EFFECT AS A RESULT OF SPONTANEOUS BREAKING OF SCALE INVARIANCE

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (07) ◽  
pp. 1443-1456 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. KOROVER ◽  
E. I. GUENDELMAN
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Scale Invariance ◽  
Critical Size ◽  
Opposite Sign ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Spontaneous Breaking ◽  
Neutral System

In this paper the consequences of introducing spontaneous symmetry breaking of scale invariance through a scale that is obtained from the integration of the equations of motion of four index field strengths are studied. Confinement is obtained for all values of this constant of integration. For negative values two point charges have a potential energy that grows linearly with distance, but they can be arbitrarily far apart (although this is costly from the point of view of energy). For positive values of the integration constant, there is no possibility of separating charges too far apart; at a certain point a new charge of opposite sign has to be added to form a neutral system that cannot be bigger that a critical size. We discuss this using different methods, including some developed by Adler and Piran. In addition, we discuss a few alternative effective actions that are similar and that also give confinement.

scholarly journals NONSINGULAR ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE AND ITS PRESENT VACUUM ENERGY DENSITY

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (17) ◽  
pp. 2951-2972 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. I. GUENDELMAN
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Scale Invariance ◽  
Vacuum Energy ◽  
Vacuum Energy Density ◽  
Emergent Universe ◽  
Present Universe ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Origin Of The Universe

We consider a nonsingular origin for the universe starting from an Einstein static universe, the so-called "emergent universe" scenario, in the framework of a theory which uses two volume elements [Formula: see text] and Φd4x, where Φ is a metric independent density, used as an additional measure of integration. Also curvature, curvature square terms and for scale invariance a dilaton field ϕ are considered in the action. The first-order formalism is applied. The integration of the equations of motion associated with the new measure gives rise to the spontaneous symmetry breaking of scale invariance. After spontaneous symmetry breaking of scale invariance it is found that a nontrivial potential for the dilaton is generated. In the Einstein frame we also add a cosmological term that parametrizes the zero point fluctuations. The resulting effective potential for the dilaton contains two flat regions, for ϕ → ∞ relevant for the nonsingular origin of the universe, followed by an inflationary phase and ϕ → - ∞, describing our present universe. The dynamics of the scalar field becomes nonlinear and these nonlinearities are instrumental in the stability of some of the emergent universe solutions, which exists for a parameter range of values of the vacuum energy in ϕ → - ∞, which must be positive but not very big, avoiding the extreme fine tuning required to keep the vacuum energy density of the present universe small. Zero vacuum energy density for the present universe defines the threshold for the creation of the universe.

Spontaneous symmetry breaking of dislocation core in SrTiO3

2021 ◽  
pp. 100453
Author(s):  
Hetian Chen ◽  
Di Yi ◽  
Ben Xu ◽  
Jing Ma ◽  
Cewen Nan
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Dislocation Core

scholarly journals Tachyons and Solitons in Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in the Frame of Field Theory

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1358
Author(s):  
Yiannis Contoyiannis ◽  
Michael P. Hanias ◽  
Pericles Papadopoulos ◽  
Stavros G. Stavrinides ◽  
Myron Kampitakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Universality Class ◽  
Lattice Simulation ◽  
Ginzburg Landau ◽  
Spin Lattice ◽  
Nuclear Collisions ◽  
Ising Spin ◽  
Relativistic Nuclear Collisions

This paper presents our study of the presence of the unstable critical point in spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) in the framework of Ginzburg–Landau (G-L) free energy. Through a 3D Ising spin lattice simulation, we found a zone of hysteresis where the unstable critical point continued to exist, despite the system having entered the broken symmetry phase. Within the hysteresis zone, the presence of the kink–antikink SSB solitons expands and, therefore, these can be observed. In scalar field theories, such as Higgs fields, the mass of this soliton inside the hysteresis zone could behave as a tachyon mass, namely as an imaginary quantity. Due to the fact that groups Ζ(2) and SU(2) belong to the same universality class, one expects that, in future experiments of ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions, in addition to the expected bosons condensations, structures of tachyon fields could appear.

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