Visualizing Statistical Thermodynamics: The Boltzmann Distribution Model

1966 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 1143-1146
Author(s):  
M. V. Sussman
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Thermodynamics ◽  
Boltzmann Distribution ◽  
Distribution Model

3. Bridging matter

2014 ◽  
pp. 38-50
Author(s):  
Peter Atkins
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Statistical Thermodynamics ◽  
Boltzmann Distribution ◽  
Bulk Properties ◽  
Atoms And Molecules ◽  
Average Behaviour

‘Bridging matter’ introduces statistical thermodynamics, which provides the link between the notional insides and outsides of atoms and molecules. It identifies the bulk properties of a sample with the average behaviour of all the molecules that constitute it. A key concept is the Boltzmann distribution, which shows the exponentially decaying function of the energy of molecules as temperature is increased. It captures two aspects of chemistry: stability and reactivity. Statistical thermodynamics is used by physical chemists to understand the composition of chemical reaction mixtures that have reached equilibrium. It also provides an explanation of Le Chatelier's principle, which states that a system at equilibrium responds to a disturbance by tending to oppose its effect.

Nuclear magic numbers based on a quarklike model is compared with the Boltzmann distribution model from nuclear abundance in the universe and low energy nuclear reactions

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Ghahramani ◽  
H. Hora ◽  
G. H. Miley ◽  
M. Ghanaatian ◽  
M. Hooshmand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Reactions ◽  
Boltzmann Distribution ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Magic Numbers ◽  
Nuclear Abundance ◽  
The Universe

Carrier phase recovery friendly probabilistic shaping scheme based on a quasi-Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution model

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (17) ◽  
pp. 4883
Author(s):  
Xishuo Wang ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Jianjun Yu ◽  
Xiangjun Xin ◽  
Kai Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carrier Phase ◽  
Boltzmann Distribution ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Phase Recovery

scholarly journals Regional-Level Allocation of CO2 Emission Permits in China: Evidence from the Boltzmann Distribution Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanbin Li ◽  
Zhen Li ◽  
Min Wu ◽  
Feng Zhang ◽  
Gejirifu De
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Boltzmann Distribution ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Emission Permits ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
Carbon Emission Reduction ◽  
Per Capita

To achieve the commitment of carbon emission reduction in 2030 at the climate conference in Paris, it is an important task for China to decompose the carbon emission target among regions. In this paper, entropy maximization is brought to inter-provincial carbon emissions allocation via the Boltzmann distribution method, which provides guidelines for allocating carbon emissions permits among provinces. The research is mainly divided into three parts: (1) We develop the CO2 influence factor, including per capita GDP, per capita carbon emissions, carbon emission intensity and carbon emissions of per unit industrial added value; the proportion of the second industry; and the urbanization rate, to optimize the Boltzmann distribution model. (2) The probability of carbon emission reduction allocation in each province was calculated by the Boltzmann distribution model, and then the absolute emission reduction target was allocated among different provinces. (3) Comparing the distribution results with the actual carbon emission data in 2015, we then put forward the targeted development strategies for different provinces. Finally, suggestions were provided for CO2 emission permits allocation to optimize the national carbon emissions trading market in China.

scholarly journals In situ characterisation of absorbing species in stationary premixed flat flames using UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 127 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian J. Bauer ◽  
Michael U. J. Degenkolb ◽  
Franz J. T. Huber ◽  
Stefan Will
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Boltzmann Distribution ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Carbonaceous Particles ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

AbstractA one-dimensional premixed ethylene–air flame is investigated regarding the presence of various combustion intermediates and products relevant for the formation of carbonaceous particles for various equivalence ratios and spatial positions using in situ UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy. A laser driven light source in combination with a fast spectrometer allow to record absorption spectra at a high rate required for practical combustion devices. The approach is coupled with a least squares regression procedure using a database of several absorbing species in the flame. To account for the high temperature flame conditions, the absorption spectra are convoluted by a simplified Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution model. While the approach is based on several assumptions and a verification requires future detailed intercomparison with other techniques, a first semi-quantitative evaluation can be obtained. This novel approach opens a potential route to the in situ measurement of the evolution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in flames.

Equilibrium and Non-Equilibrium Statistical Thermodynamics

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Le Bellac ◽  
Fabrice Mortessagne ◽  
G. George Batrouni
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Thermodynamics ◽  
Non Equilibrium
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