Acoustic thermometry of ocean climate and the global ocean observing system.

Abstract The ocean is a complex and mysterious system that attracts scientists around the world to unravel its secrets. Dake Chen, a distinguished physical oceanographer and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, is one of them. Since the mid-1980s, he has been studying ocean dynamics and ocean–atmosphere interaction, and has made seminal contributions to the understanding and prediction of short-term climate variability, especially the El Niño phenomenon. In a recent interview with NSR, Professor Dake Chen says that China has made significant progress in recent years in ocean research, but, in order to make breakthroughs in the field of oceanography, China needs to further expand the scope of research programs from coastal seas to open oceans, to greatly increase the investment in global ocean-observing systems and to pay more attention to fundamental scientific problems in addition to practical applications. He also calls for a better-defined national strategic plan for ocean science and technology.

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Acoustic thermometry as a component of the global ocean observing system

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America ◽

10.1121/1.4755033 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 132 (3) ◽

pp. 1916-1916

Author(s):

Brian D. Dushaw

Keyword(s):

Global Ocean ◽

Acoustic Thermometry ◽

Ocean Observing

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Boundary Ocean Observation Network for the Global South

Marine Technology Society Journal ◽

10.4031/mtsj.55.3.30 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 80-81

Author(s):

Christopher E Ordoñez ◽

John A. Barth ◽

Moninya Roughan

Keyword(s):

Prediction Models ◽

Global Environmental Change ◽

Global South ◽

Global Ocean ◽

Data Sets ◽

Ocean Climate ◽

Ocean Science ◽

Observation Network ◽

Ocean Observing

Abstract The UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development should establish a Boundary Ocean Observing Network (BOON) for the Global South (GS). The BOON is part of the OceanGlider Program, which is part of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS). The BOON is a network of established timeseries transects collecting long-term data sets. Timeseries are critical for making immediate operational decisions and for identifying long-term trends of anthropogenic global environmental change. The network has proven important enough to continue observations and expand them. Due to resource and expertise limitations, expanded locations are in similar locations. The UN should build on this success and establish a BOON for the Global South. The same benefits will be garnered by countries and regions that have been missing out. Increased observation coverage will benefit humanity, improving understanding of the Ocean-Climate System, e.g. leading to improved climate prediction models. The UN will facilitate activities to realize a BOON for the Global South including: coordinating local scientists, partnering scientific and technical experts with local scientists, identifying new affordable and easy-to-operate technologies, channeling funds for initial and ongoing costs, and building a framework to continue the BOON-GS long after the Ocean Science Decade.

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Consistency of the current global ocean observing systems from an Argo perspective

Ocean Science ◽

10.5194/os-10-547-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 547-557 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

K. von Schuckmann ◽

J.-B. Sallée ◽

D. Chambers ◽

P.-Y. Le Traon ◽

C. Cabanes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sea Level ◽

Heat Content ◽

Deep Ocean ◽

Global Ocean ◽

Regional Variability ◽

Tropical Ocean ◽

Steric Sea Level ◽

Ocean Observing ◽

Ocean Observing Systems ◽

Observing Systems

Abstract. Variations in the world's ocean heat storage and its associated volume changes are a key factor to gauge global warming and to assess the earth's energy and sea level budget. Estimating global ocean heat content (GOHC) and global steric sea level (GSSL) with temperature/salinity data from the Argo network reveals a positive change of 0.5 ± 0.1 W m−2 (applied to the surface area of the ocean) and 0.5 ± 0.1 mm year−1 during the years 2005 to 2012, averaged between 60° S and 60° N and the 10–1500 m depth layer. In this study, we present an intercomparison of three global ocean observing systems: the Argo network, satellite gravimetry from GRACE and satellite altimetry. Their consistency is investigated from an Argo perspective at global and regional scales during the period 2005–2010. Although we can close the recent global ocean sea level budget within uncertainties, sampling inconsistencies need to be corrected for an accurate global budget due to systematic biases in GOHC and GSSL in the Tropical Ocean. Our findings show that the area around the Tropical Asian Archipelago (TAA) is important to closing the global sea level budget on interannual to decadal timescales, pointing out that the steric estimate from Argo is biased low, as the current mapping methods are insufficient to recover the steric signal in the TAA region. Both the large regional variability and the uncertainties in the current observing system prevent us from extracting indirect information regarding deep-ocean changes. This emphasizes the importance of continuing sustained effort in measuring the deep ocean from ship platforms and by beginning a much needed automated deep-Argo network.

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ATOC and Other Acoustic Thermometry Observations In New Zealand

Marine Technology Society Journal ◽

10.4031/mtsj.33.1.7 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 55-60

Author(s):

C.T. Tindle ◽

G.E.J.

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Ocean Bottom ◽

Underwater Sound ◽

Floating Platform ◽

Ocean Climate ◽

Acoustic Thermometry ◽

Tasman Sea ◽

Heard Island ◽

Large Fluctuations ◽

Feasibility Test

A summary of participation of the New Zealand group in the ATOC (Acoustic Thermometry of Ocean Climate) program over a five year period is presented. Transmissions from Heard Island were observed in the Tasman Sea during the Heard Island Feasibility Test in 1991. The California-New Zealand underwater sound path was verified with explosive sources in 1992. Single hydrophone observations were made of transmissions to New Zealand from California from an electrically driven source first suspended beneath a floating platform in 1994 and later placed on the ocean bottom at Pioneer Seamount in 1995. Results from these experiments show that acoustic propagation to ranges of order 10 Mm appears to be characterised by large fluctuations occurring with a time scale of a few minutes.

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Toward the widespread application of low-cost technologies in coastal ocean observing (Internet of Things for the Ocean)

Mediterranean Marine Science ◽

10.12681/mms.25060 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

MARCO MARCELLI ◽

VIVIANA PIERMATTEI ◽

RICCARDO GERIN ◽

FABIO BRUNETTI ◽

ERMANNO PIETROSEMOLI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Communication Systems ◽

Low Cost ◽

Large Data ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Coastal Ocean ◽

Global Ocean ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Widespread Application ◽

Development Framework ◽

Ocean Observing

The ability to access user-friendly, low-cost instrumentation remains a limiting factor in coastal ocean observing. The majority of currently available marine observation equipment is difficult to deploy, costly to operate, and requires specific technical skills. Moreover, a harmonized observation program for the world’s coastal waters has not yet been established despite the efforts of the global ocean organizations. Global observational systems are mainly focused on open ocean waters and do not include coastal and shelf areas, where models and satellites require large data sets for their calibration and validation. Fortunately, recent technological advances have created opportunities to improve sensors, platforms, and communications that will enable a step-change in coastal ocean observing, which will be driven by a decreasing cost of the components, the availability of cheap housing, low-cost controller/data loggers based on embedded systems, and low/no subscription costs for LPWAN communication systems. Considering the above necessities and opportunities, POGO’s OpenMODs project identified a series of general needs/requirements to be met in an Open science development framework. In order to satisfy monitoring and research necessities, the sensors to be implemented must be easily interfaced with the data acquisition and transmission system, as well as compliant with accuracy and stability requirements. Here we propose an approach to co-design a cost-effective observing modular instrument architecture based on available low-cost measurement and data transmission technologies, able to be mounted/operated on various platforms. This instrument can fit the needs of a large community that includes scientific research (including those in developing countries), non-scientific stakeholders, and educators.

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The In situ Global Ocean Observing System for Climate (and Other Needs)

Marine Technology Society Journal ◽

10.4031/mtsj.49.2.22 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 112-121

Author(s):

Stephen R. Piotrowicz ◽

David M. Legler

Keyword(s):

Weather Forecasting ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

The Arctic ◽

Global Ocean ◽

Observation System ◽

Ocean Management ◽

Accuracy And Precision ◽

Weather And Climate ◽

Ocean Observing

AbstractThe Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) is the international observation system that ensures long-term sustained ocean observations. The ocean equivalent of the atmospheric observing system supporting weather forecasting, GOOS, was originally developed to provide data for weather and climate applications. Today, GOOS data are used for all aspects of ocean management as well as weather and climate research and forecasting. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), through the Climate Observation Division of the Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research/Climate Program Office, is a major supporter of the climate component of GOOS. This paper describes the eight elements of GOOS, and the Arctic Observing Network, to which the Climate Observation Division is a major contributor. In addition, the paper addresses the evolution of the observing system as rapidly evolving new capabilities in sensors, platforms, and telecommunications allow observations at unprecedented temporal and spatial scales with the accuracy and precision required to address questions of climate variability and change.

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