scholarly journals Individual differences in the production and perception of prosodic boundaries in American English

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 (4) ◽  
pp. 2810-2810
Author(s):  
Jiseung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
American English ◽  
Prosodic Boundaries

First words and prosodic structures

2019 ◽  
pp. 93-121
Author(s):  
Marilyn May Vihman
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
American English ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
British English ◽  
Ambient Language ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Prosodic Structures ◽  
Language Influence ◽  
First Words

This chapter presents data from four to eight children each learning one of six languages, British English, Estonian, Finnish, French, Italian, and Welsh. As a basis for cross-linguistic comparison the chapter first considers similarities and differences in the target forms of the first words of these children. It then presents the children’s later prosodic structures, including American English in the comparison. The chapter considers the development changes apparent from comparing the first words with the later structures and quantifies the extent of variegation in first word targets and later child word forms. In concluding, it is found that common resources are strongly in evidence in the first words but by the later point there is good evidence of ambient language influence as well as of individual differences within the groups.

scholarly journals A Cross-Linguistic Study of Individual Differences in Speech Planning

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Swets ◽  
Susanne Fuchs ◽  
Jelena Krivokapić ◽  
Caterina Petrone
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Language Production ◽  
American English ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Speed Of Processing ◽  
Linguistic Differences ◽  
Speech Planning ◽  
Planning Strategies

Although previous research has shown that there exist individual and cross-linguistic differences in planning strategies during language production, little is known about how such individual differences might vary depending on which language a speaker is planning. The present series of studies examines individual differences in planning strategies exhibited by speakers of American English, French, and German. Participants were asked to describe images on a computer monitor while their eye movements were monitored. In addition, we measured participants' working memory capacity and speed of processing. The results indicate that in the present study, English and German were planned less incrementally (further in advance) prior to speech onset compared to French, which was planned more incrementally (not as far in advance). Crucially, speed of processing predicted the scope of planning for French speakers, but not for English or German speakers. These results suggest that the different planning strategies that are invoked by syntactic choices available in different languages are associated with the tendency for speakers to rely on different cognitive support systems as they plan sentences.

scholarly journals Psychometric properties of instruments of measurement of social comparison orientation

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-130
Author(s):  
T.N. Savchenko ◽  
E.S. Samoylenko ◽  
A.V. Korbut
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Social Comparison ◽  
External Validity ◽  
American English ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Social Comparison Orientation

In the article, the results of a comparative analysis of psychometric properties of the Iowa-Netherlands Social Comparison Orientation Measure (INCOM) (Gibbons, Buunk, 1999) versions administered to different cultural samples (American, English, Dutch, German and Russian), and Russian Social Comparison Orientation Questionnaire (RSCOQ) (Samoylenko, 2012, in Russian) are presented. For the INCOM versions, similarity in their high reliability and differences in their factor structures as well as in the ways to measure their construct and external validity were revealed. For the INCOM and RSCOQ, significant positive associations between their comparison orientaion total measures as well as their separate factors were revealed. This means a possibility to combine the two instruments when testing individual differences in social comparison orientation.

Individual differences in the perception of fundamental frequency scaling in American English speech

2014 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 2195-2195
Author(s):  
Nanette Veilleux ◽  
Jon Barnes ◽  
Alejna Brugos ◽  
Stefanie Shattuck-Hufnagel
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
American English ◽  
Frequency Scaling

The Distinctness of Speakers' /s/—/∫/ Contrast Is Related to Their Auditory Discrimination and Use of an Articulatory Saturation Effect

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1259-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph S. Perkell ◽  
Melanie L. Matthies ◽  
Mark Tiede ◽  
Harlan Lane ◽  
Majid Zandipour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
American English ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Saturation Effect ◽  
Alveolar Ridge ◽  
Discriminative Performance ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
High Discrimination ◽  
Biomechanical Effect ◽  
Speech Motor

This study examines individual differences in producing the sibilant contrast in American English and the relation of those differences to 2 speaker characteristics: (a) use of a quantal biomechanical effect (called a "saturation effect") in producing the sibilants and (b) performance on a test of sibilant discrimination. Twenty participants produced the sibilants /s/ and /∫/ in normal-, clear-, and fast-speaking conditions. The degree to which the participants used a saturation effect in producing /s/ and /∫/ was assessed with a custom-made sensor that measured contact of the underside of the tongue tip with the lower alveolar ridge; such contact normally occurs during the production of /s/ but not /∫/. The acuteness of the participants' discrimination of the sibilant contrast was measured using the ABX paradigm and synthesized sibilants. Differences among speakers in the degree of acoustic contrast between /s/ and /∫/ that they produced proved related to differences among them in their use of contact contrastively and in their discriminative performance. The most distinct sibilant productions were obtained from participants who used contact in producing /s/ but not /∫/ and who had high discrimination scores. The participants who did not use contact differentially when producing the 2 sibilants and who also discriminated the synthetic sibilants less well produced the least distinct sibilant contrasts. Intermediate degrees of sibilant contrast were found with participants who used contact differentially or discriminated well. These findings are compatible with a model of speech motor planning in which goals for phonemic speech movements are in somatosensory and auditory spaces.

The challenge of accounting for individual differences in folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin C. Ruisch ◽  
Rajen A. Anderson ◽  
David A. Pizarro
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
Economic Beliefs ◽  
Existing Data

AbstractWe argue that existing data on folk-economic beliefs (FEBs) present challenges to Boyer & Petersen's model. Specifically, the widespread individual variation in endorsement of FEBs casts doubt on the claim that humans are evolutionarily predisposed towards particular economic beliefs. Additionally, the authors' model cannot account for the systematic covariance between certain FEBs, such as those observed in distinct political ideologies.

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