Influence of Periodizing Dietary Carbohydrate on Iron Regulation and Immune Function in Elite Triathletes

Sleeping with low carbohydrate (CHO) availability is a dietary strategy that may enhance training adaptation. However, the impact on an athlete’s health is unclear. This study quantified the effect of a short-term “sleep-low” dietary intervention on markers of iron regulation and immune function in athletes. In a randomized, repeated-measures design, 11 elite triathletes completed two 4-day mixed cycle run training blocks. Key training sessions were structured such that a high-intensity training session was performed in the field on the afternoon of Days 1 and 3, and a low-intensity training (LIT) session was performed on the following morning in the laboratory (Days 2 and 4). The ingestion of CHO was either divided evenly across the day (HIGH) or restricted between the high-intensity training and LIT sessions, so that the LIT session was performed with low CHO availability (LOW). Venous blood and saliva samples were collected prior to and following each LIT session and analyzed for interleukin-6, hepcidin 25, and salivary immunoglobulin-A. Concentrations of interleukin-6 increased acutely after exercise (p < .001), but did not differ between dietary conditions or days. Hepcidin 25 increased 3-hr postexercise (p < .001), with the greatest increase evident after the LOW trial on Day 2 (2.5 ± 0.9 fold increase ±90% confidence limit). The salivary immunoglobulin-A secretion rate did not change in response to exercise; however, it was highest during the LOW condition on Day 4 (p = .046). There appears to be minimal impact to markers of immune function and iron regulation when acute exposure to low CHO availability is undertaken with expert nutrition and coaching input.

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High-Intensity Training and Salivary Immunoglobulin A Responses in Professional Top-Level Soccer Players

The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research ◽

10.1519/jsc.0000000000000380 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 30 (9) ◽

pp. 2460-2469 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Adam L. Owen ◽

Del P. Wong ◽

Gordon Dunlop ◽

Carole Groussard ◽

Wiem Kebsi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Intensity ◽

Immunoglobulin A ◽

Soccer Players ◽

High Intensity Training ◽

Salivary Immunoglobulin A ◽

Intensity Training

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IMMUNE FUNCTION OF ZHENQI FUZHENG CAPSULE ON VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS AFTER HIGH INTENSITY TRAINING

Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte ◽

10.1590/1517-8692202127022021_0044 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (spe2) ◽

pp. 66-69

Author(s):

Lili Wang ◽

Hongfei Wang ◽

Wanliang Tuo

Keyword(s):

Immune Function ◽

High Intensity ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Experimental Comparison ◽

Control Group ◽

Hemoglobin Content ◽

Cell Content ◽

Exercise Time ◽

High Intensity Training ◽

Intensity Training

ABSTRACT At present, many studies have proved that proper exercise can promote the immune function of human body to a certain extent, but athletes need a lot of high-intensity sports training, and their immune function declines instead of improving. In order to control the decline of immune function of athletes after high-intensity training, this study propose the Zhenqi Fuzheng capsule to achieve this goal. Through experimental comparison, the parameters such as white blood cell content, immunoglobulin number, T lymphocyte, human hemoglobin content and exercise exhaustion time were detected after high-intensity training. The results showed that compared with the control group taking Zhenqi Fuzheng, the weight of those who had taken qifuzhengs capsule did not change, and the content of white blood cells, immunoglobulin, hemoglobin content and exercise time increased to a certain extent. The results showed that Zhenqi Fuzheng could inhibit the decrease of body immune function after high-intensity exercise, then accelerate the recovery of human immune function. This study is expected to enhance the immunity of sports athletes, and reduce athletes’ pain after high-intensity training.

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Effect of 4-week High Intensity Training on Immune Function of Weight Lifters

Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Educational Research and Sports Education ◽

10.2991/erse.2013.27 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Dongqing Gao

Keyword(s):

Immune Function ◽

High Intensity ◽

High Intensity Training ◽

Weight Lifters ◽

Intensity Training

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The effect of training volume and intensity on competitive cyclists’ efficiency

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/h09-124 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 17-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

James Hopker ◽

Damian Coleman ◽

Louis Passfield ◽

Jonathan Wiles

Keyword(s):

High Intensity ◽

High Intensity Training ◽

Cycling Efficiency ◽

Competitive Cyclists ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Intensive Work ◽

The Impact ◽

Delta Efficiency ◽

Intensity Training

The impact of different intensity training on cycling efficiency in competitive cyclists is unknown. Twenty-nine endurance-trained competitive male cyclists completed 3 laboratory visits during a 12-week training period. At each visit, their cycling efficiency and maximal oxygen uptake were determined. After the first visit, cyclists were randomly split into 2 groups (A and B). Over the first 6 weeks, between tests 1 and 2, group A was prescribed specific high-intensity training sessions, whereas group B was restricted in the amount of intensive work undertaken. After test 2 and for the second 6-week period, group B was allowed to conduct high-intensity training. Gross efficiency (GE) increased in group A (+1.6 ± 1.4%; p < 0.05) following the high-intensity training, whereas no significant change was seen in group B (+0.1 ± 0.7%; p > 0.05). Group B cyclists increased their GE between tests 2 and 3 (+1.4 ± 0.8%; p < 0.05) but no changes in GE were observed in group A over this period (+0.4 ± 0.4%; p > 0.05). Delta efficiency (DE) did not change significantly in either group across the study period. This study demonstrates that GE is increased following high-intensity training in competitive male cyclists after 12 weeks.

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Amelioration of Decline in Immune Function in Athletes after High-Intensity Training by Bovine Colostrum

Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research ◽

10.37290/ctnr2641-452x.17:219-222 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 219-222

Author(s):

Zhang Haimin

Keyword(s):

Immune Function ◽

High Intensity ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Bovine Colostrum ◽

Control Group ◽

Intensive Training ◽

High Intensity Training ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Intensity Training

Long-term high-intensity training can cause a decline in immune function in athletes. In this study, we have explored whether bovine colostrum could improve the immune function in athletes undergoing intensive training. Thirty professional athletes were randomly divided into control group and bovine colostrum group; both groups received one month of intensive training. The control group received usual colostrum-free diet and the bovine colostrum group was fed bovine colostrum-rich milk every day. The venous blood was collected from both groups before and after the treatment period. The results showed that the lymphocyte population increased significantly in the bovine colostrum group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant change in CD4+ and CD8+ in the two groups (P < 0.05), but the CD3+ and CD4+/CD8+ of the bovine colostrum group were significantly higher than those of the control group. There were significant differences in albumin, globulin and albumin/globulin ratio in the control group (P < 0.05), but not in the bovine colostrum group after training. The bovine colostrum group had lower serum albumin and albumin/globulin (P < 0.05) and higher globulin (P < 0.05) compared to the control group. There was no significant difference in immunologic indexes before and after training in both groups (P > 0.05). The decline in the markers of immune function after high-intensity training was ameliorated by the intake of bovine colostrum.

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