Short or Long High Intensity Training

AbstractThis study examined the effects of a nine-week intervention of four different high-intensity training modalities [high-intensity functional training (HIFT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), high-intensity power training (HIPT), and high-intensity endurance training (HIET)] on the resting concentration of brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF). In addition, we evaluated the BDNF responses to Graded Exercise Test (GXT) and Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) in men. Thirty-five healthy individuals with body mass index 25.55 ± 2.35 kg/m2 voluntarily participated in this study and were randomly assigned into four training groups. During nine-weeks they completed three exercise sessions per week for one-hour. BDNF was analyzed before and after a GXT and WAnT in two stages: (stage 0—before training and stage 9—after nine weeks of training). At stage 0, an increase in BDNF concentration was observed in HIFT (33%; p < 0.05), HIPT (36%; p < 0.05) and HIIT (38%; p < 0.05) after GXT. Even though HIET showed an increase in BDNF (10%) this was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). At stage 9, higher BDNF levels after GXT were seen only for the HIFT (30%; p < 0.05) and HIIT (18%; p < 0.05) groups. Reduction in BDNF levels were noted after the WAnT in stage 0 for HIFT (− 47%; p < 0.01), HIPT (− 49%; p < 0.001), HIET (− 18%; p < 0.05)], with no changes in the HIIT group (− 2%). At stage 9, BDNF was also reduced after WAnT, although these changes were lower compared to stage 0. The reduced level of BDNF was noted in the HIFT (− 28%; p < 0.05), and HIPT (− 19%;p < 0.05) groups. Additionally, all groups saw an improvement in VO2max (8%; p < 0.001), while BDNF was also correlated with lactate and minute ventilation and selected WAnT parameters. Our research has shown that resting values of BDNF after nine weeks of different forms of high-intensity training (HIT) have not changed or were reduced. Resting BDNF measured at 3th (before GXT at stage 9) and 6th day after long lasting HITs (before WAnT at stage 9) did not differed (before GXT), but in comparison to the resting value before WAnT at the baseline state, was lower in three groups. It appears that BDNF levels after one bout of exercise is depended on duration time, intensity and type of test/exercise.

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Effects of endurance and high intensity training on ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 levels and arterial pressure in obese and normal weight adolescents

The Physician and Sportsmedicine ◽

10.1080/00913847.2016.1200442 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 208-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Mehdi Kargarfard ◽

Eddie T. C. Lam ◽

Ardalan Shariat ◽

Mahmoud Asle Mohammadi ◽

Saleh Afrasiabi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arterial Pressure ◽

High Intensity ◽

Normal Weight ◽

High Intensity Training ◽

Intensity Training

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Enhanced sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release following intermittent sprint training

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.2000.279.1.r152 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 279 (1) ◽

pp. R152-R160 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Niels Ørtenblad ◽

Per K. Lunde ◽

Klaus Levin ◽

Jesper L. Andersen ◽

Preben K. Pedersen

Keyword(s):

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽

High Intensity ◽

Vastus Lateralis ◽

Ryanodine Receptors ◽

Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽

Sprint Training ◽

High Intensity Training ◽

Before And After ◽

Muscle Biopsies ◽

Intensity Training

To evaluate the effect of intermittent sprint training on sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) function, nine young men performed a 5 wk high-intensity intermittent bicycle training, and six served as controls. SR function was evaluated from resting vastus lateralis muscle biopsies, before and after the training period. Intermittent sprint performance (ten 8-s all-out periods alternating with 32-s recovery) was enhanced 12% ( P < 0.01) after training. The 5-wk sprint training induced a significantly higher ( P < 0.05) peak rate of AgNO3-stimulated Ca2+ release from 709 (range 560–877; before) to 774 (596–977) arbitrary units Ca2+ ⋅ g protein− 1 ⋅ min− 1(after). The relative SR density of functional ryanodine receptors (RyR) remained unchanged after training; there was, however, a 48% ( P < 0.05) increase in total number of RyR. No significant differences in Ca2+ uptake rate and Ca2+-ATPase capacity were observed following the training, despite that the relative density of Ca2+-ATPase isoforms SERCA1 and SERCA2 had increased 41% and 55%, respectively ( P < 0.05). These data suggest that high-intensity training induces an enhanced peak SR Ca2+ release, due to an enhanced total volume of SR, whereas SR Ca2+ sequestration function is not altered.

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Effects of high-intensity training on cardiovascular risk factors in premenopausal and postmenopausal women

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1016/j.ajog.2016.12.017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 216 (4) ◽

pp. 384.e1-384.e11 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Camilla M. Mandrup ◽

Jon Egelund ◽

Michael Nyberg ◽

Martina H. Lundberg Slingsby ◽

Caroline B. Andersen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

High Intensity ◽

High Intensity Training ◽

Intensity Training

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Reduced training distance and a forage-only diet did not limit race participation in young Standardbred horses

Comparative Exercise Physiology ◽

10.3920/cep170017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 265-272 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

S. Ringmark ◽

L. Roepstorff ◽

U. Hedenström ◽

A. Lindholm ◽

A. Jansson

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

High Intensity ◽

Training Programme ◽

Performance Goals ◽

Training Groups ◽

High Intensity Training ◽

Median Distance ◽

Old Swedish ◽

Experimental Training ◽

Intensity Training

In this study, a survey was used to document the type and amount of training to which 2- to 3-year old Swedish Standardbred horses are generally subjected. Moreover, an experimental study was conducted to examine the ability to achieve conventional performance goals in 16 Standardbred geldings fed a forage-only diet and allocated to either a control training programme (C-group) or a training programme with the high intensity training distance reduced by 30% (R-group) from March as 2-year-olds until December as 3-year-olds. The median distance of high intensity training per week reported by professional trainers was 6,700 m. In experimental horses, planned high intensity training/week was 6,315 and 4,288 m in C-group and R-group, respectively. There was no difference between experimental training groups in ability to race. The proportion of experimental horses that passed a preparation race as 2-year-olds (100%) and qualified for races (94%) was greater (P<0.05) than for the rest of the cohort (77 and 63%), geldings of the same cohort (71 and 45%) and siblings of the experimental horses (84 and 69%). The proportion of horses that raced (56%) was equal to that of the cohort and of siblings (54%), but greater than the proportion of cohort geldings (35%, P<0.05). In experimental horses, total earnings until 7 years of age were correlated to exercise haematocrit as 3-year-olds (r=0.51, P>0.05) and number of races (r=0.55, P>0.05). Race record was correlated to VLa4 as 3-year-olds (r=-0.75, P<0.01). It was concluded that a forage-only diet and shorter distance of high intensity training than commonly used in Standardbred training in Sweden do not appear to restrict ability to qualify for races and race before 4 years of age.

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The relationship between the expression of PLIN3 and PLIN5 protein flowing endurance training in streptozotocin rats

Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences ◽

10.34172/jsums.2019.34 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 194-199

Author(s):

Mahdi Ghafari ◽

Ebrahim Banitalebi ◽

Mohamad Faramarzi

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Endurance Training ◽

High Intensity ◽

Training Group ◽

Control Group ◽

High Intensity Training ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Hoc ◽

The Relationship ◽

Intensity Training

Background and aims: Intermuscular lipolysis disorder plays an important role in insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus and perilipin PLIN5 and PLIN3 are the key proteins in regulating muscle cellular lipolysis. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the expression of PLIN3 and PLIN5 protein following endurance training in streptozotocin (STZ) rats. Methods: A number of 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into low endurance training group (n = 8), high-intensity training group (n = 8), and control group (n = 8). Diabetes was induced in every rat by STZ injection. Three days after injection, the blood samples were taken from the cut tip of the tails of the mice and animals with blood glucose greater than 300 mg/dL were considered diabetic. The training program included eight weeks of aerobic training at different intensities. Training in high- and low-intensity groups included 22-25 and 5-8 m/min of training. Finally, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and correlation was used to determine the significance of the differences between variables, followed by utilizing Tukey’s post-hoc test for significance. Results: The comparison between the groups by ANOVA showed significant differences in PLIN3 (P=0.0006) and PLIN5 (P=0.012). The results of Tukey post hoc test also demonstrated a statistical difference between the mean values of diabetic control group and high-intensity endurance group regarding PLIN3 (P=0.01) and PLIN5 (P=0.009), but no significant increase was observed in the lowintensity exercise group as compared to the control group (PLIN3, P=0.067 & PLIN5, P=0.44). As regards insulin resistance, there was a significant difference among the three groups (P=0.0001). Eventually, the result of the correlation between PLIN3 and PLIN5 showed similar enhancement by increasing the intensity (P=0.0026). Conclusion: According to research results, high-intensity endurance training increased the expression of PLIN3 and PLIN5 in diabetic specimens and PLIN3 and PLIN5 followed a similar increase pattern in high-intensity training

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