scholarly journals Factors Influencing Perception of Effort (Session Rating of Perceived Exertion) during Elite Soccer Training

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 860-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Gaudino ◽  
F. Marcello Iaia ◽  
Anthony J. Strudwick ◽  
Richard D. Hawkins ◽  
Giampietro Alberti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Perception Of Effort ◽  
Soccer Training

scholarly journals Carbohydrate supplementation and psychophysiological responses during moderate exercise in hypoxia

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Tavares-Silva ◽  
F. F. Donatto ◽  
R. M. V. Medeiros ◽  
S. A. Santos ◽  
A. V. Caris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
The Self ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Psychophysiological Responses ◽  
Carbohydrate Supplementation ◽  
Perception Of Effort ◽  
Hypoxic Environment ◽  
Subjective Scale

Abstract Background Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) is a subjective scale to monitor overload and fatigue during exercise. Hypoxia may worsen the perception of fatigue, compromising the self-reported perception of effort and increasing RPE. The objective was to evaluate the effects of carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation on RPE during exercise in hypoxia simulating 4200 m. Methods Eight male physically active volunteers performed two exercises at 50% VO2peak and 1% slope: exercise in hypoxia + placebo or exercise in hypoxia + CHO (6% maltodextrin) with supplementation at 20, 40, and 60 min during exercise. Oxygen Saturation (SaO2%) was assessed at baseline and after exercise, while RPE and HR were measured each 10 min during the trial. Results SaO2% decreased after exercise in both conditions of hypoxia compared to rest. The RPE did not differ between groups. However, the RPE increased in hypoxia after 20 min of exercise in relation to 10 min. The Area Under the Curve (AUC) of RPE was lower in hypoxia + CHO compared to hypoxia. The AUC of the HR/RPE ratio in the hypoxia + CHO group was higher in relation to hypoxia. Conclusions Our results indicate that CHO supplementation does not change RPE induced by 60 min of exercise at 50% VO2peak in hypoxia equivalent to 4200 m at the different times analyzed. However, in hypoxia + CHO the (AUC)-60 min of total RPE decreased during exercise, while the heart rate/RPE ratio improved, indicating lower RPE in the hypoxic environment.

scholarly journals The Effect of Static and Dynamic Stretching during Warm-Up on Running Economy and Perception of Effort in Recreational Endurance Runners

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8386
Author(s):  
Emanuela Faelli ◽  
Marco Panascì ◽  
Vittoria Ferrando ◽  
Ambra Bisio ◽  
Luca Filipas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Endurance Running ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Perception Of Effort ◽  
Recreational Runners ◽  
Endurance Runners

This randomized crossover counterbalanced study investigated, in recreational runners, the acute effects of pre-exercise stretching on physiological and metabolic responses, endurance performance, and perception of effort. Eight male endurance runners (age 36 ± 11 years) performed three running-until-exhaustion tests, preceded by three warm-ups, including the following different stretching protocols: static (SS), dynamic (DS), and no-stretching (NS). During the SS and DS sessions, the warm-up consisted of 10 min of running plus 5 min of SS or DS, respectively, while during the NS session, the warm-up consisted of 15 min of running. Physiological and metabolic responses, and endurance running performance parameters, were evaluated. The perception of effort was derived from the rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Running economy significantly improved after SS (p < 0.05) and DS (p < 0.01), and RPE values were significantly lower in SS (p < 0.05) and DS (p < 0.01), compared to NS. No differences in physiological and metabolic responses among the sessions were found. This study showed that including SS and DS within the warm-up ameliorated running economy and decreased the perception of effort during a running-until-exhaustion test, highlighting the benefits of stretching on endurance performance. These results should encourage recreational runners to insert stretching during warm-up, to optimize the running energy costs, reducing the perception of effort and making the training sessions more enjoyable.

Cert: A Perceived Exertion Scale for Young Children

1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1451-1458 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Williams ◽  
Roger Eston ◽  
Beryl Furlong
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Perception Of Effort ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Validation Research ◽  
Effort Rating

This paper describes the rationale for the Children's Effort Rating Table (CERT) designed for assessing perceived exertion by children aged 6 to 9 years. This device is similar to Borg's Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) which is internationally recognized and currently used in conjunction with standard metabolic measures in a wide range of settings where exercise is prescribed and the intensity of various forms of physical activity is regulated by adults. We devised CERT for use in our research on the development of perception of effort by younger children. Some validation research on CERT has been completed.

Planned Load Reduction Versus Fixed Load: A Strategy to Reduce the Perception of Effort With Similar Improvements in Hypertrophy and Strength

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1164-1168
Author(s):  
Bruce M. Lima ◽  
Rafael S. Amancio ◽  
Diacre S. Gonçalves ◽  
Alexander J. Koch ◽  
Victor M. Curty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Load Reduction ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Volume Load ◽  
Perception Of Effort ◽  
Volitional Fatigue

Purpose: To compare muscle thickness and 10-repetition maximum (10RM) between no load reduction and load reductions during 16 wk of resistance training. Methods: A total of 21 moderately trained men (age 23.2 [4.2] y, body mass 75.1 [7.6] kg, height 175 [4] cm) were randomized into 1 of 3 exercise groups: control (CON, n = 7), all sets with 10RM load; 5% load reduction (RED 5, n = 7); and 10% load reduction (RED 10, n = 7) for set 2 and set 3. The resistance training program consisted of completing 3 sets each of biceps and Scott curls, performed to volitional fatigue 3 d·wk−1. Results: Volume load lifted over the 16 wk was similar among groups (CON, 38,495 [4397] kg; RED 5, 37,388 [3684] kg; RED 10, 42,634 [6733] kg; P = .094). Muscle thickness increased in all groups (P < .001), with no differences noted among groups (P = .976). Biceps-curl and Scott-curl 10RM increased in all groups (P < .001), with no differences noted among groups (Scott curl P = .238; biceps curl P = .401). Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was significantly lower for RED 10 (6.8 [0.1]) than for CON (7.0 [0.1]; P < .001) or RED 5 (7.1 [0.1]; P = .001) for the Scott curl. RPE was significantly lower (P = .001) for the biceps curl in RED 10 (6.8 [0.3]) than in CON (7.3 [0.9]), with neither group different from RED 5 (7.0 [0.1]). Conclusions: Load reduction did not yield a difference in hypertrophy or 10RM as compared with CON. However, RED 10 induced a significantly lower RPE. Thus, load reduction may be a beneficial strategy to reduce the perception of effort during training while achieving similar improvements in hypertrophy and strength.

Relationships Between Rating-of-Perceived-Exertion- and Heart- Rate-Derived Internal Training Load in Professional Soccer Players: A Comparison of On-Field Integrated Training Sessions

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 587-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Angel Campos-Vazquez ◽  
Alberto Mendez-Villanueva ◽  
Jose Antonio Gonzalez-Jurado ◽  
Juan Antonio León-Prados ◽  
Alfredo Santalla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Session Duration ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Soccer Training ◽  
Tactical Training

Purpose:To describe the internal training load (ITL) of common training sessions performed during a typical week and to determine the relationships between different indicators of ITL commonly employed in professional football (soccer).Methods:Session-rating-of-perceived-exertion TL (sRPE-TL) and heart-rate- (HR) derived measurements of ITL as Edwards TL and Stagno training impulses (TRIMPMOD) were used in 9 players during 3 periods of the season. The relationships between them were analyzed in different training sessions during a typical week: skill drills/circuit training + small-sided games (SCT+SSGs), ball-possession games + technical-tactical exercises (BPG+TTE), tactical training (TT), and prematch activation (PMa).Results:HR values obtained during SCT+SSGs and BPG+TTE were substantially greater than those in the other 2 sessions, all the ITL markers and session duration were substantially greater in SCT+SSGs than in any other session, and all ITL measures in BPG+TTE were substantially greater than in TT and PMa sessions. Large relationships were found between HR >80% HRmax and HR >90% HRmax vs sRPE-TL during BPG+TTE and TT sessions (r = .61−.68). Very large relationships were found between Edwards TL and sRPE-TL and between TRIMPMOD and sRPE-TL in sessions with BPG+TTE and TT (r = .73−.87). Correlations between the different HR-based methods were always extremely large (r = .92−.98), and unclear correlations were observed for other relationships between variables.Conclusion:sRPE-TL provided variable-magnitude within-individual correlations with HR-derived measures of training intensity and load during different types of training sessions typically performed during a week in professional soccer. Caution should be applied when using RPE- or HR-derived measures of exercise intensity/load in soccer training interchangeably.

Effect of Caffeine Ingestion on Perception of Effort and Subsequent Work Production

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Cole ◽  
David L. Costill ◽  
Raymond D. Starling ◽  
Bret H. Goodpaster ◽  
Scott W. Trappe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Total Work ◽  
Subsequent Work ◽  
Caffeine Ingestion ◽  
Perception Of Effort ◽  
Work Production ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Over Time

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of caffeine ingestion on work output at various levels of perceived exertion during 30 min of isokinetie variable-resistance cycling exercise. Ten subjects completed six trials 1 hr after consuming either 6 mg · kg−1caffeine (3 trials) or a placebo (3 trials). During each trial the subjects cycled at what they perceived to be a rating of 9 on the Borg rating of perceived exertion scale for the first 10 min, a rating of 12 for the next 10 min, and a rating of 15 for the final 10 min. Total work performed during the caffeine trials averaged 277.8 ± 26.1 kJ, whereas the mean total work during the placebo trials was 246.7 ± 21.5 kJ (p< .05). Blood glycerol and free fatty acid levels increased over time to a significantly greater degree in the caffeine trials than in the placebo trials (p< .05). However, there were no significant differences between conditions in respiratory exchange ratio. These data suggest that caffeine may play an ergogenic role in exercise performance by altering both neural perception of effort and substrate availability.

scholarly journals Physiological responses and cycle characteristics during double-poling versus diagonal-stride roller-skiing in junior cross-country skiers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik P. Andersson ◽  
Irina Hämberg ◽  
Paulo Cesar Do Nascimento Salvador ◽  
Kerry McGawley
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Double Poling ◽  
Cross Country

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to compare physiological factors and cycle characteristics during cross-country (XC) roller-skiing at matched inclines and speeds using the double-poling (DP) and diagonal-stride (DS) sub-techniques in junior female and male XC skiers. Methods Twenty-three well-trained junior XC skiers (11 women, 12 men; age 18.2 ± 1.2 yr.) completed two treadmill roller-skiing tests in a randomized order using either DP or DS. The exercise protocols were identical and included a 5 min warm-up, 4 × 5 min submaximal stages, and an incremental test to exhaustion, all performed at a 5° incline. Results No significant three-way interactions were observed between sex, submaximal exercise intensity, and sub-technique. For the pooled sample, higher values were observed for DP versus DS during submaximal exercise for the mean oxygen uptake kinetics response time (33%), energy cost (18%), heart rate (HR) (9%), blood lactate concentration (5.1 versus 2.1 mmol·L−1), rating of perceived exertion (12%), and cycle rate (25%), while cycle length was lower (19%) (all P < 0.001). During the time-to-exhaustion (TTE) test, peak oxygen uptake ($$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2peak), peak HR, and peak oxygen pulse were 8%, 2%, and 6% lower, respectively, for DP than DS, with a 29% shorter TTE during DP (pooled data, all P < 0.001). Conclusion In well-trained junior XC skiers, DP was found to exert a greater physiological load than DS during uphill XC roller-skiing at submaximal intensities. During the TTE test, both female and male athletes were able to ski for longer and reached markedly higher $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2peak values when using DS compared to DP.

scholarly journals Usefulness of Linear Mixed-Effects Models to Assess the Relationship between Objective and Subjective Internal Load in Team Sports

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 392
Author(s):  
Alice Iannaccone ◽  
Daniele Conte ◽  
Cristina Cortis ◽  
Andrea Fusco
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Subjective Measures ◽  
Internal Load ◽  
Random Slopes ◽  
The Relationship

Internal load can be objectively measured by heart rate-based models, such as Edwards’ summated heart rate zones, or subjectively by session rating of perceived exertion. The relationship between internal loads assessed via heart rate-based models and session rating of perceived exertion is usually studied through simple correlations, although the Linear Mixed Model could represent a more appropriate statistical procedure to deal with intrasubject variability. This study aimed to compare conventional correlations and the Linear Mixed Model to assess the relationships between objective and subjective measures of internal load in team sports. Thirteen male youth beach handball players (15.9 ± 0.3 years) were monitored (14 training sessions; 7 official matches). Correlation coefficients were used to correlate the objective and subjective internal load. The Linear Mixed Model was used to model the relationship between objective and subjective measures of internal load data by considering each player individual response as random effect. Random intercepts were used and then random slopes were added. The likelihood-ratio test was used to compare statistical models. The correlation coefficient for the overall relationship between the objective and subjective internal data was very large (r = 0.74; ρ = 0.78). The Linear Mixed Model using both random slopes and random intercepts better explained (p < 0.001) the relationship between internal load measures. Researchers are encouraged to apply the Linear Mixed Models rather than correlation to analyze internal load relationships in team sports since it allows for the consideration of the individuality of players.

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