Effects of Overtraining Status on the Cortisol Awakening Response—Endocrine and Metabolic Responses on Overtraining Syndrome (EROS-CAR)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Travis Anderson ◽  
Laurie Wideman ◽  
Flavio A. Cadegiani ◽  
Claudio E. Kater
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Cortisol Awakening Response ◽  
Distinct Component ◽  
Linear Change ◽  
Diurnal Cortisol ◽  
Overtraining Syndrome ◽  
The Awakening ◽  
Conditional Effect ◽  
Healthy Athlete

The cortisol awakening response (CAR) is a distinct component of the circadian cortisol profile and has promise as a biomarker for the monitoring of athlete readiness and training status. Although some studies have suggested the CAR may be affected by the development of overtraining syndrome (OTS), this has yet to be systematically investigated. Purpose: To compare the CAR and diurnal cortisol slope between athletes diagnosed with OTS, healthy athletes, and sedentary controls. Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of data from the Endocrine and Metabolic Responses on Overtraining study. Male participants were recruited to either OTS, healthy athlete, or sedentary control groups. The participants produced saliva samples immediately after waking (S1), 30 minutes after waking (S2), at 16:00 hours, and at 23:00 hours. Salivary cortisol concentration was determined by an electrochemiluminescence assay. Mixed-effects models were used to assess the conditional effect of group (sedentary controls, OTS, and healthy athletes) on the change in cortisol over time. Separate models were fit for the awakening samples (S1 and S2) and for the diurnal slope (linear change across S1, 16:00 h, and 23:00 h). Results: The models demonstrated significant time-by-group interaction for OTS for the 2 cortisol concentrations collected during the awakening period (β = −9.33, P < .001), but not for the diurnal cortisol slope (β = 0.02, P = .80). Conclusions: These results suggest the CAR may be associated with OTS and should be considered within a panel of biomarkers. Further research is necessary to determine whether alterations in the CAR may precede the diagnosis of OTS.

scholarly journals The influence of comorbid depression and overweight status on peripheral inflammation and cortisol levels

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Anna P. McLaughlin ◽  
Naghmeh Nikkheslat ◽  
Caitlin Hastings ◽  
Maria A. Nettis ◽  
Melisa Kose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Cortisol Awakening Response ◽  
Peripheral Inflammation ◽  
Comorbid Depression ◽  
Diurnal Cortisol ◽  
Overweight Status ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Abstract Background Depression and overweight are each associated with abnormal immune system activation. We sought to disentangle the extent to which depressive symptoms and overweight status contributed to increased inflammation and abnormal cortisol levels. Methods Participants were recruited through the Wellcome Trust NIMA Consortium. The sample of 216 participants consisted of 69 overweight patients with depression; 35 overweight controls; 55 normal-weight patients with depression and 57 normal-weight controls. Peripheral inflammation was measured as high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP) in serum. Salivary cortisol was collected at multiple points throughout the day to measure cortisol awakening response and diurnal cortisol levels. Results Overweight patients with depression had significantly higher hsCRP compared with overweight controls (p = 0.042), normal-weight depressed patients (p < 0.001) and normal-weight controls (p < 0.001), after controlling for age and gender. Multivariable logistic regression showed that comorbid depression and overweight significantly increased the risk of clinically elevated hsCRP levels ⩾3 mg/L (OR 2.44, 1.28–3.94). In a separate multivariable logistic regression model, overweight status contributed most to the risk of having hsCRP levels ⩾3 mg/L (OR 1.52, 0.7–2.41), while depression also contributed a significant risk (OR 1.09, 0.27–2). There were no significant differences between groups in cortisol awakening response and diurnal cortisol levels. Conclusion Comorbid depression and overweight status are associated with increased hsCRP, and the coexistence of these conditions amplified the risk of clinically elevated hsCRP levels. Overweight status contributed most to the risk of clinically elevated hsCRP levels, but depression also contributed to a significant risk. We observed no differences in cortisol levels between groups.

Experiences of adversity in childhood and adolescence and cortisol in late adolescence

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Courtenay L. Kessler ◽  
Suzanne Vrshek-Schallhorn ◽  
Susan Mineka ◽  
Richard E. Zinbarg ◽  
Michelle Craske ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Developmental Timing ◽  
Cortisol Awakening Response ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Childhood Adversities ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Diurnal Cortisol

Abstract Early life adversity influences the diurnal cortisol rhythm, yet the relative influence of different characteristics of adversity remains unknown. In this study, we examine how developmental timing (childhood vs. adolescence), severity (major vs. minor), and domain of early life adversity relate to diurnal cortisol rhythms in late adolescence. We assessed adversity retrospectively in early adulthood in a subsample of 236 participants from a longitudinal study of a diverse community sample of suburban adolescents oversampled for high neuroticism. We used multilevel modeling to assess associations between our adversity measures and the diurnal cortisol rhythm (waking and bedtime cortisol, awakening response, slope, and average cortisol). Major childhood adversities were associated with flatter daily slope, and minor adolescent adversities were associated with greater average daily cortisol. Examining domains of childhood adversities, major neglect and sexual abuse were associated with flatter slope and lower waking cortisol, with sexual abuse also associated with higher cortisol awakening response. Major physical abuse was associated with higher waking cortisol. Among adolescent adversities domains, minor neglect, emotional abuse, and witnessing violence were associated with greater average cortisol. These results suggest severity, developmental timing, and domain of adversity influence the association of early life adversity with stress response system functioning.

4.16 Diurnal Cortisol Secretion and Cortisol-Awakening Response in Adolescent Girls With Conduct Disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. S209-S210
Author(s):  
Kathleen A. Pajer ◽  
Robert Rubin ◽  
William P. Gardner ◽  
Andrea Lourie ◽  
Anna N. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Cortisol Awakening Response ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Diurnal Cortisol

scholarly journals Children's Transition to School: Relationships Between Preschool Attendance, Cortisol Patterns, and Effortful Control

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Hall ◽  
Ariel Lindorff
Keyword(s):  
School Readiness ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
School Entry ◽  
After School ◽  
Transition To School ◽  
Child Gender ◽  
Diurnal Cortisol ◽  
Preschool Attendance

Aims: To determine whether distinct trends can exist in children's diurnal cortisol slopes as they transition to school, and the extent to which these trends relate to preschool attendance and/or exerted effortful control. Method: A secondary analysis of the anonymised data gathered for the UK Transition to School Study was carried out. 105 children were studied over a 12-month period during transition to school at mean age 55 months. Children's diurnal cortisol slopes were measured as the difference between average salivary cortisol concentrations (SCC) sampled at waking and early evening over two days at each of three measurement time points: 4 months before, 2 weeks after, and 6 months after school entry. Children's effortful control was measured at 2 weeks after school entry using the parent-administered Child Behavior Questionnaire. Parental questionnaires recorded the duration children spent in preschool (months; days per week; hours per week), and four background characteristics: child gender, parental cohabitation, responding parent's age, and responding parent's level of education. Findings: Latent class growth analysis suggested two distinct trends in diurnal cortisol slopes during children's transition to school: 39% of children demonstrated flatter diurnal cortisol slopes. These children were likely to have spent fewer hours per week in preschool, and were likely to exert less effortful control 2 weeks after transitioning to school. These associations underscore the importance of continuity in children's daily routines as they transition to school. Implications are discussed concerning school readiness and the effectiveness of early interventions.

scholarly journals Anthropometric Profiles of Child-bearing Women in Ghana — Past Measurements and Future Trends

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Richard Ofori-Asenso ◽  
Akosua Adom Agyeman ◽  
George Ashiagbor
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Linear Change ◽  
Good Investment ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
Health Significance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ghanaian Women

Background: Temporal changes in anthropometric indices of Ghanaian adults have not been thoroughly researched. In this study, we present results and projections of mean BMI, underweight and obesity prevalence among women (15-49 years) in Ghana. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of the mean BMI, underweight and obesity prevalence data reported in the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) studies in Ghana between 1993 and 2014. Using a simple linear change (regression) model approach, we determine the rate of change of the anthropometric measures and project estimates for the years 2020, 2025 and 2030. Results: Between 1993 and 2014, the mean BMI among Ghanaian women increased by 3 kg/m2 and by 2030, the average Ghanaian woman will have a BMI of around 27.3 Kg/m2. Underweight prevalence has decreased by about 45% from 11.3% in 1993/1998 to 6.2% in 2014 and projected to reach 2.2% by 2030. Obesity on the other hand has seen significant increase of over 400% from 3.4% in 1993 to 15.3% in 2014. By 2030, nearly 23% of Ghanaian women are projected to be obese. Conclusions: Among Ghanaian women, obesity has now outstripped underweight in terms of public health significance. Greater emphasis and urgent measures to address the rising obesity in this country are needed. While the observed trends should inform future healthcare planning and resource allocation, this should in no way undermine undernutrition prevention efforts, as preventing undernourishment is still a good investment for this country. Rather, a broader perspective that seeks to address both undernutrition and overnutrition healthy individuals should be rigorously pursued.

scholarly journals Rigor and Reproducibility: A Systematic Review of Salivary Cortisol Sampling and Reporting Parameters Used in Cancer Survivorship Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Hulett ◽  
Kristen L. Fessele ◽  
Margaret F. Clayton ◽  
Linda H. Eaton
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Cancer Survivorship ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Cortisol Awakening Response ◽  
Sampling Protocol ◽  
Diurnal Cortisol ◽  
Sampling Protocols ◽  
Adult Cancer Survivors ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
Physiological Outcomes

Salivary cortisol is a commonly used biomarker in cancer survivorship research; however, variations in sampling protocols and parameter reporting limit comparisons across studies. Standardized practices to provide rigor and reproducibility of diurnal salivary cortisol sampling and reporting are not well established. Previous systematic reviews examining relationships between diurnal salivary cortisol and clinical outcomes have resulted in mixed findings. It remains unclear which sampling protocols and reporting parameters offer the greatest utility for clinical research. This review examines diurnal salivary cortisol sampling protocols and reporting parameters to evaluate whether a standardized approach is recommended. A comprehensive search of intervention studies among adult cancer survivors including diurnal salivary cortisol resulted in 30 articles for review. Sampling protocols ranged from 1 to 4 days with the majority of studies sampling cortisol for 2 days. Sampling instances ranged from 2 to 7 times per day, with the majority collecting at 4 time points per day. Diurnal cortisol slope and cortisol awakening response (CAR) were the most commonly reported parameters associated with clinical outcomes. Flattened cortisol slopes, blunted CARs, and elevated evening cortisol concentrations were associated with poorer psychosocial and physiological outcomes. Based on our review, we propose that a rigorous, standardized diurnal salivary cortisol sampling protocol should include sampling at key diurnal times across ≥3 consecutive days to report diurnal cortisol parameters (i.e., CAR and slope) and objective measures of participant protocol adherence. Diminishing budgetary resources and efforts to minimize participant burden dictate the importance of standardized cortisol sampling protocols and reporting parameters.

Diurnal Cortisol Dynamics, Perceived Stress, and Language Production in Aphasia

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1416-1426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Laures-Gore ◽  
Dalia Cahana-Amitay ◽  
Tony W. Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Cortisol Awakening Response ◽  
Language Performance ◽  
Language Deficits ◽  
Diurnal Cortisol ◽  
Picture Description ◽  
Subjective Reports

Purpose The current study investigated diurnal cortisol dynamics in adults with and without aphasia, along with subjective reports of stress and measures of language production. Dysregulation of cortisol, a common biomarker of stress, is associated with cognitive dysfunction in different clinical populations. However, little is known about the consequences of stress-induced cortisol disturbances for stroke survivors, including those with aphasia. Method Nineteen participants with aphasia and 14 age-matched neurotypical adults were tested. Saliva samples were collected from participants to assess the cortisol awakening response, a marker of the integrity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Participants also completed 2 subjective stress questionnaires. Language was evaluated using 3 short, picture description narratives, analyzed for discourse (dys)fluency and productivity markers. Results In contrast to neurotypical participants, adults with aphasia did not show the predictable cortisol awakening response. Participants with aphasia also showed an unusual heightened level of cortisol upon awakening. Additionally, neurotypical participants demonstrated an association between intact language performance and the cortisol awakening response, whereas the participants with aphasia did not, although they did perceive the language tasks as stressful. Conclusion This study indicates that the functionality of the HPA axis, as indexed by cortisol, contributes to optimal language performance in healthy adults. The absence of an awakening response among participants with aphasia suggests that stroke leads to dysregulation of the HPA axis, although the degree to which this impairment affects language deficits in this population requires further investigation.

scholarly journals Relationship between the cortisol awakening response and other features of the diurnal cortisol rhythm: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 2720-2728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherita Hill Golden ◽  
Brisa N. Sánchez ◽  
Meihua Wu ◽  
Shivam Champaneri ◽  
Ana V. Diez Roux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortisol Awakening Response ◽  
Diurnal Cortisol ◽  
Ethnic Study
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