scholarly journals Defining Training and Performance Caliber: A Participant Classification Framework

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Alannah K.A. McKay ◽  
Trent Stellingwerff ◽  
Ella S. Smith ◽  
David T. Martin ◽  
Iñigo Mujika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
National Level ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Classification Framework ◽  
Masters Athlete ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Nationality Differences

Throughout the sport-science and sports-medicine literature, the term “elite” subjects might be one of the most overused and ill-defined terms. Currently, there is no common perspective or terminology to characterize the caliber and training status of an individual or cohort. This paper presents a 6-tiered Participant Classification Framework whereby all individuals across a spectrum of exercise backgrounds and athletic abilities can be classified. The Participant Classification Framework uses training volume and performance metrics to classify a participant to one of the following: Tier 0: Sedentary; Tier 1: Recreationally Active; Tier 2: Trained/Developmental; Tier 3: Highly Trained/National Level; Tier 4: Elite/International Level; or Tier 5: World Class. We suggest the Participant Classification Framework can be used to classify participants both prospectively (as part of study participant recruitment) and retrospectively (during systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses). Discussion around how the Participant Classification Framework can be tailored toward different sports, athletes, and/or events has occurred, and sport-specific examples provided. Additional nuances such as depth of sport participation, nationality differences, and gender parity within a sport are all discussed. Finally, chronological age with reference to the junior and masters athlete, as well as the Paralympic athlete, and their inclusion within the Participant Classification Framework has also been considered. It is our intention that this framework be widely implemented to systematically classify participants in research featuring exercise, sport, performance, health, and/or fitness outcomes going forward, providing the much-needed uniformity to classification practices.

scholarly journals Validation of a novel hip arthroscopy simulator: establishing construct validity

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Cychosz ◽  
Zain M Khazi ◽  
Matthew Karam ◽  
Kyle Duchman ◽  
Michael Willey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Hip Arthroscopy ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Cartilage Damage ◽  
Composite Score ◽  
Hip Simulator ◽  
Diagnostic Arthroscopy ◽  
Level Of Training ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Hip arthroscopy (HA) is technically demanding and associated with a prolonged learning curve. Recently, arthroscopic simulators have been developed to anatomically model various joints including the knee, shoulder and hip. The purpose of this study is to validate a novel HA simulator. Twenty trainees and one sports medicine fellowship-trained orthopaedic surgeon at a single academic institution were recruited to perform a diagnostic HA procedure using the VirtaMed ArthroS hip simulator. Trainee characteristics, including level of training, general arthroscopy experience and hip specific arthroscopy experience, were gathered via questionnaire. For the purpose of this study, participants were categorized as novice (<25), intermediate (25–74) or experienced (≥75) based on the number of prior arthroscopies performed. Various performance metrics, including composite score, time and camera path length were recorded for each attempt. Metrics were analyzed categorically using ANOVA tests with significance set to P < 0.05. Composite performance score in the novice cohort was 114.5 compared with 146.4 and 151.5 in the intermediate and experienced cohorts (P = 0.0019), respectively. Novice arthroscopists performed the simulated diagnostic arthroscopy procedure in an average time of 321 s compared with 202 s and 181 s in the intermediate and experienced cohorts (P < 0.002), respectively. Cartilage damage and simulator safety score did not differ significantly between groups (P = 0.775). Simulator composite score and procedure time showed strong correlation with year of training (r = 0.65 and −0.70, respectively) and number of arthroscopies performed (r = 0.65 and −0.72). The ArthroS hip simulator shows good construct validity and performance correlates highly with total number of arthroscopic cases reported during training.

scholarly journals High Injury Burden in Elite Adolescent Athletes: A 52-Week Prospective Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip von Rosen ◽  
Annette Heijne ◽  
Anna Frohm ◽  
Cecilia Fridén ◽  
Anders Kottorp
Keyword(s):  
Sport Participation ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
National Level ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Adolescent Athletes ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Severity Grade ◽  
Sport Type ◽  
Injury Burden

Context:  Our understanding of the injury burden in elite adolescent athletes in most sports is limited or unknown because of the lack of prospective, long-term injury studies. Objective:  To describe injury patterns in terms of type, location, prevalence and incidence, recurrence, and severity grade; time to first injury; and prevalence of illness in elite adolescent athletes and to compare differences in injury data by sex and sport type. Design:  Cohort study. Setting:  Fifteen national sports high schools in Sweden. Patients or Other Participants:  Participants were 284 elite adolescent athletes (boys = 147, girls = 137; median age = 17 years; 25th–75th percentile range = 16–18 years) competing at a high national level for their age in athletics (track and field), cross-country skiing, downhill skiing, freestyle skiing, handball, orienteering, or ski orienteering. Main Outcome Measure(s):  All athletes were monitored weekly over 52 weeks, using a validated online questionnaire to identify injury type, location, prevalence or incidence, and severity grade; time to first injury; and prevalence of illness. Results:  Among all athletes, 57.4% reported at least 1 new injury, whereas the 1-year injury prevalence was 91.6%. The overall injury incidence was 4.1/1000 hours of exposure to sport, and every week, on average, 3 of 10 (30.8%) elite adolescent athletes reported being injured. Of all injuries from which athletes recovered, 22.2% (n = 35) resulted in absence from normal training for at least 2 months. Female athletes reported higher (P < .05) average weekly injury prevalence and substantial injury prevalence (injuries leading to a moderate or severe reduction in sport performance or participation or time loss) than male athletes. Conclusions:  A considerable number of elite adolescent athletes were injured weekly, resulting in serious consequences for sport participation, training, or performance (or a combination of these). Appropriately designed interventions to prevent knee and foot injuries will target both the greatest number of injuries and the injuries with the most serious consequences in elite adolescent athletes.

scholarly journals Dietary Supplementation for Para-Athletes: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2016
Author(s):  
Keely A. Shaw ◽  
Gordon A. Zello ◽  
Brian Bandy ◽  
Jongbum Ko ◽  
Leandy Bertrand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Sport Supplements ◽  
Cord Injury

The use of dietary supplements is high among athletes and non-athletes alike, as well as able-bodied individuals and those with impairments. However, evidence is lacking in the use of dietary supplements for sport performance in a para-athlete population (e.g., those training for the Paralympics or similar competition). Our objective was to examine the literature regarding evidence for various sport supplements in a para-athlete population. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, SPORTDiscus, MedLine, and Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Source. Fifteen studies met our inclusion criteria and were included in our review. Seven varieties of supplements were investigated in the studies reviewed, including caffeine, creatine, buffering agents, fish oil, leucine, and vitamin D. The evidence for each of these supplements remains inconclusive, with varying results between studies. Limitations of research in this area include the heterogeneity of the subjects within the population regarding functionality and impairment. Very few studies included individuals with impairments other than spinal cord injury. Overall, more research is needed to strengthen the evidence for or against supplement use in para-athletes. Future research is also recommended on performance in para-athlete populations with classifiable impairments other than spinal cord injuries.

Assessment methods and performance metrics for redox flow batteries

Nature Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanxin Yao ◽  
Jiafeng Lei ◽  
Yang Shi ◽  
Fei Ai ◽  
Yi-Chun Lu
Keyword(s):  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Redox Flow Batteries ◽  
Flow Batteries ◽  
And Performance

Development of an Adaptive Human-Machine-Interface to Minimize Driver Distraction and Workload

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Westin ◽  
Ronald Dougherty ◽  
Christopher Depcik ◽  
Austin Hausmann ◽  
Charles Sprouse
Keyword(s):  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Driver Distraction ◽  
Test Drive ◽  
Workload Management ◽  
City Street ◽  
Proximity Detection ◽  
Test Platform ◽  
In Series ◽  
And Performance

The original use of the vehicle dashboard was to provide enough sensory information to inform the driver of the current engine and vehicle status and performance. Over time, it has evolved into an entertainment system that includes person-to-person communication, global positioning information, and the Internet, just to name a few. Each of these new features adds to the amount of information that drivers must absorb, leading to potential distraction and possible increases in the number and types of accidents. In order to provide an overview of these issues, this paper summarizes previous work on driver distraction and workload, demonstrating the importance of addressing those issues that compete for driver attention and action. In addition, a test platform vehicle is introduced which has the capability of assessing modified dashboards and consoles, as well as the ability to acquire relevant driving performance data. Future efforts with this test platform will be directed toward helping to resolve the critical tug-of-war between providing more information and entertainment while keeping drivers and their passengers safe. The long-term goal of this research is to evaluate the various technological innovations available for inclusion in the driving environment and determining how to optimize driver information delivery without excessive distraction and workload. The information presented herein is the first step in that effort of developing an adaptive distraction/workload management system that monitors performance metrics and provides selected feedback to drivers. The test platform (1973 VW Beetle converted to a plug-in series hybrid) can provide speed, location (GPS), 3-D acceleration, and rear proximity detection. The test drive route was a 2 km × 3 km city street circuit which took approximately 25 minutes to complete. Data is provided herein to demonstrate these capabilities. In addition, the platform has driver selectable layouts for the instrument cluster and console (LCD screens). The test platform is planned for use to determine driver preferences (e.g., dashboard/console configurations) and attention performance in addition to identifying optimal real-time feedback for drivers with different demographics.

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