Development of an Adaptive Human-Machine-Interface to Minimize Driver Distraction and Workload

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Westin ◽  
Ronald Dougherty ◽  
Christopher Depcik ◽  
Austin Hausmann ◽  
Charles Sprouse
Keyword(s):  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Driver Distraction ◽  
Test Drive ◽  
Workload Management ◽  
City Street ◽  
Proximity Detection ◽  
Test Platform ◽  
In Series ◽  
And Performance

The original use of the vehicle dashboard was to provide enough sensory information to inform the driver of the current engine and vehicle status and performance. Over time, it has evolved into an entertainment system that includes person-to-person communication, global positioning information, and the Internet, just to name a few. Each of these new features adds to the amount of information that drivers must absorb, leading to potential distraction and possible increases in the number and types of accidents. In order to provide an overview of these issues, this paper summarizes previous work on driver distraction and workload, demonstrating the importance of addressing those issues that compete for driver attention and action. In addition, a test platform vehicle is introduced which has the capability of assessing modified dashboards and consoles, as well as the ability to acquire relevant driving performance data. Future efforts with this test platform will be directed toward helping to resolve the critical tug-of-war between providing more information and entertainment while keeping drivers and their passengers safe. The long-term goal of this research is to evaluate the various technological innovations available for inclusion in the driving environment and determining how to optimize driver information delivery without excessive distraction and workload. The information presented herein is the first step in that effort of developing an adaptive distraction/workload management system that monitors performance metrics and provides selected feedback to drivers. The test platform (1973 VW Beetle converted to a plug-in series hybrid) can provide speed, location (GPS), 3-D acceleration, and rear proximity detection. The test drive route was a 2 km × 3 km city street circuit which took approximately 25 minutes to complete. Data is provided herein to demonstrate these capabilities. In addition, the platform has driver selectable layouts for the instrument cluster and console (LCD screens). The test platform is planned for use to determine driver preferences (e.g., dashboard/console configurations) and attention performance in addition to identifying optimal real-time feedback for drivers with different demographics.

scholarly journals Indices of Heart Rate Variability and Performance During a Response-Conflict Task Are Differently Associated With ADHD and Autism

2021 ◽  
pp. 108705472097279
Author(s):  
Alessio Bellato ◽  
Iti Arora ◽  
Puja Kochhar ◽  
Chris Hollis ◽  
Madeleine J. Groom
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Response Conflict ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Conflict Task ◽  
Accurate Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Comorbid Adhd ◽  
The Relationship

We investigated autonomic arousal, attention and response conflict, in ADHD and autism. Heart rate variability (HRV), and behavioral/electrophysiological indices of performance, were recorded during a task with low and high levels of response conflict in 78 children/adolescents (7–15 years old) with ADHD, autism, comorbid ADHD+autism, or neurotypical. ANOVA models were used to investigate effects of ADHD and autism, while a mediation model was tested to clarify the relationship between ADHD and slower performance. Slower and less accurate performance characterized ADHD and autism; however, atypical electrophysiological indices differently characterized these conditions. The relationship between ADHD and slower task performance was mediated by reduced HRV in response to the cue stimulus. Autonomic hypo-arousal and difficulties in mobilizing energetic resources in response to sensory information (associated with ADHD), and atypical electrophysiological indices of information processing (associated with autism), might negatively affect cognitive performance in those with ADHD+autism.

Ranging technology using signals of opportunity of non-cooperative communication satellites

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Gao ◽  
Yu Hua ◽  
Yu Xiang ◽  
Changjiang Huang ◽  
Shanhe Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Communication ◽  
Estimation Algorithm ◽  
Time Difference ◽  
Difference Measurement ◽  
Test Platform ◽  
Positioning Technique ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Navigation Signals ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Signals Of Opportunity

Abstract The positioning technique employing the ubiquitous signals of opportunity of non-cooperative satellites does not send special navigation signals, instead it passively receives satellite signals as noise, presenting advantages of concealment and difficulty for potential attackers. Thus, this study investigates the ranging principle and model using non-cooperative communication satellites and a time difference estimation algorithm. The technology of time difference measurement under non-cooperative observation mode was determined and simulated. A test platform for time difference measurement was built to receive the signal from an unknown geostationary Earth orbit communication satellite and verify the ranging feasibility and performance. The ranging accuracy was found to be smaller than 6 m, as demonstrated by experimental data, which shows the viability of the proposed positioning technique for ranging technology.

Assessment methods and performance metrics for redox flow batteries

Nature Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanxin Yao ◽  
Jiafeng Lei ◽  
Yang Shi ◽  
Fei Ai ◽  
Yi-Chun Lu
Keyword(s):  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Redox Flow Batteries ◽  
Flow Batteries ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals HPC Cloud Architecture to Reduce HPC Workflow Complexity in Containerized Environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 923
Author(s):  
Guohua Li ◽  
Joon Woo ◽  
Sang Boem Lim
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Workload Management ◽  
Job Management ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Cloud Architecture ◽  
Management Efficiency ◽  
Complexity Problem ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Hpc Cloud

The complexity of high-performance computing (HPC) workflows is an important issue in the provision of HPC cloud services in most national supercomputing centers. This complexity problem is especially critical because it affects HPC resource scalability, management efficiency, and convenience of use. To solve this problem, while exploiting the advantage of bare-metal-level high performance, container-based cloud solutions have been developed. However, various problems still exist, such as an isolated environment between HPC and the cloud, security issues, and workload management issues. We propose an architecture that reduces this complexity by using Docker and Singularity, which are the container platforms most often used in the HPC cloud field. This HPC cloud architecture integrates both image management and job management, which are the two main elements of HPC cloud workflows. To evaluate the serviceability and performance of the proposed architecture, we developed and implemented a platform in an HPC cluster experiment. Experimental results indicated that the proposed HPC cloud architecture can reduce complexity to provide supercomputing resource scalability, high performance, user convenience, various HPC applications, and management efficiency.

Hybridization as practice: clinical engagement with performance metrics and accounting technologies in the English NHS

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Begkos ◽  
Katerina Antonopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measurement ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Healthcare Setting ◽  
Business Managers ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Professional Boundaries ◽  
Care Outcomes ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Clinical Engagement

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the hybridization practices that medical managers engage with to promote accounting and performance measurement in the hybrid setting of healthcare. In doing so, the authors explore how medical managers enact and become practitioners of hybridity.Design/methodology/approachThe authors adopt a practice lens to conceptualize hybridization as an emergent, situated practice and capture the micro-activities that medical managers engage with when they enact hybridity. The authors conducted semi-structured interviews with medical managers, business managers and coding professionals and collected documents at an English National Health Service (NHS) hospital over the course of five years.FindingsThe findings accentuate two emergent practices through which medical managers instill hybridity to individuals who are hesitant or resistant to hybridization. Medical managers engage in equivocalizing and de-stigmatizing practices to broaden the understandings, further diversify or reconcile the teleologies of clinicians in non-managerial roles. In doing so, the authors signal the merits of accounting in improving care outcomes and remove the stigma associated to clinical engagement with costs.Originality/valueThe study contributes to hybridization and practice theory literature via capturing how hybridity is enacted in practice in a healthcare setting. As medical managers engage with and promote accounting information and performance measurement technologies in their practice environment, they transcend professional boundaries and hybridize the professional spaces that surround them.

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