Lower-Extremity Kinetic Response to Activity Program Dosing in Older Adults

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
George J. Salem ◽  
Man-Ying Wang ◽  
Stanley P. Azen ◽  
Jean T. Young ◽  
Gail A. Greendale
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Acute Changes ◽  
Performance Gains ◽  
Weighted Vest

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of two doses of a weighted vest on acute lower-extremity gait kinetics in older adults. Peak ankle, knee, and hip net joint moments were quantified in 56 men and women volunteers (73.8 ± 6.9 years old) enrolled in a 6-month physical activity study. At the initial study visit, participants underwent 6 walking trials (3 with vest, 3 without vest) at their normal pace. During the vest-wearing trials, participants wore a vest loaded with either 0% of body weight (BW) (n= 19), 3% of BW (n= 16), or 5% of BW (n= 21). With acute application of the vests, maximum peak plantarflexion moments increased by 5.7% in the 5% BW group compared to the 0% BW group,p< 0.01. Compared to the 0% vest-weight group, knee extension moments increased by 13.8% when 5% BW was applied,p< 0.01; a marginally significant treatment effect was evident in the 3% BW group,p= 0.04. Despite these acute alterations, knee strength and physical performance did not improve when subjects wore the vests 2 hours a day, 4 days a week for 27 weeks, without additional exercise prescription. These findings suggest that: (a) the acute changes in vest-mediated lower-extremity kinetics are not systemic but joint specific and load dependent, and (b) weighted vest prescription should be greater than 5% BW without prescribed exercise, or should include prescribed exercises, to invoke long-term strength and physical performance gains in older adults.

scholarly journals The Effects of a Multicomponent Lower Extremity Training Technique on Physical Function in Healthy Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 233372142093570
Author(s):  
Hungu Jung ◽  
Yumiko Miki ◽  
Ryo Tanaka ◽  
Masahiro Yamasaki
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Functional Reach Test

Objective: We aimed to examine the outcomes of our novel multicomponent lower extremity training (MLT) technique on physical function in older adults. Methods: Participants were randomly divided into a training group (TG) or a control group (CG). The TG (4 men, 14 women) received MLT for 24 weeks, once per week. MLT contains strength, balance, and flexibility components. The CG (5 men, 10 women) did not receive any training for 24 weeks. Nine lower extremity range of motions (ROMs; hip flexion, hip abduction, hip adduction, hip extension, internal and external hip rotations, knee flexion, ankle dorsiflexion, and ankle plantar flexion) and two muscle strength assessments (knee extension and flexion) were collected. Physical performance tests were also performed, including the functional reach test, timed up and go test (TUGT), and five times sit-to-stand test (FTSST). Results: After 24 weeks, significant increases were observed in the TG in all ROMs (with the exception of knee flexion), knee extension strength, and performance in the TUGT and FTSST. Conclusions: MLT significantly improved ROM, muscle strength, and physical performance in healthy older adults. We suggest that it is an efficacious intervention in the maintenance and improvement of mobility and functional independence in healthy older adults. Trial registration: UMIN CTR, UMIN000037463. https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000041955

scholarly journals Long-term participation in community group exercise improves lower extremity muscle strength and delays age-related declines in walking speed and physical function in older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chisato Hayashi ◽  
Soshiro Ogata ◽  
Tadashi Okano ◽  
Hiromitsu Toyoda ◽  
Sonoe Mashino
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Group Exercise ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle

Abstract Background The effects of group exercise on the physical function of community-dwelling older adults remain unclear. The changes in lower extremity muscle strength, timed up and go (TUG) time, and the motor fitness scale (MFS), over time, among older adults who expressed a willingness to participate in community-based physical exercise groups, were determined using multilevel modelling. Methods We analyzed data of 2407 older adults between April 2010 and December 2019 from the registry of physical tests of community-based physical exercise groups. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to assess the effect of physical exercise on lower extremity muscle strength, TUG time, and MFS scores. The durations of the exercises were evaluated by frequency of physical test’s participate. Results A deterioration in lower extremity muscle strength was found in the short-term participant group only. However, in the mid-term and long-term participation groups, lower extremity muscle strength showed a trend of improvement. The TUG time and the MFS score were negatively correlated with increasing age in both groups divided by the duration of participation. However, there was a slower rate of deterioration in the long-term participation group. Discussion Lower extremity muscle strength, TUG time, and MFS scores decline with increasing age and there were differences in the slope of deterioration that depended on the duration of participation in community-based group exercise. Conclusion Participation in group exercise improved lower extremity muscle strength, TUG time, and MFS scores of older adults living in a community. The positive effects of group exercise were dependent on long-term participation.

scholarly journals Comparative Effects of Light or Heavy Resistance Power Training for Improving Lower Extremity Power and Physical Performance in Mobility-Limited Older Adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kieran F. Reid ◽  
Kimberly I. Martin ◽  
Gheorghe Doros ◽  
David J. Clark ◽  
Cynthia Hau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Power Training

scholarly journals Functional foot symmetry and its relation to lower extremity physical performance in older adults: The Framingham Foot Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1796-1802 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Riskowski ◽  
T.J. Hagedorn ◽  
A.B. Dufour ◽  
M.T. Hannan
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Physical Performance

Effects of Long-Term Resistance Training and Detraining on Strength and Physical Activity in Older Women

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle M. Porter ◽  
Miriam E. Nelson ◽  
Maria A. Fiatarone Singh ◽  
Jennifer E. Layne ◽  
Christine M. Morganti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Physical Activity Behavior ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Activity Behavior ◽  
Increased Strength

Resistance training (RT) increases strength in older adults, but there have been few studies of long-term RT or detraining in older adults. Postmenopausal participants (51–71 years of age) were randomized to RT or a control group for Year 1. For Year 2, participants chose whether to resistance train or not. Three groups emerged: train/train (n = 8: 60 ± 4 years), train/no train (n = 11: 62 ± 3 years), or controls (n = 17; 58 ± 6 years). Both training groups increased strength (p < .05) in Year 1. In Year 2, train/train maintained strength, whereas train/no train lost strength for knee extension (p < .001) but not for arm pulldown. Controls did not change. Reported physical activity levels were significantly increased in trainers in Year 1 and remained high regardless of RT in Year 2 (p < .05). Therefore, sustained changes in strength and physical activity behavior might be possible even if RT is discontinued.

Protein Intake and Physical Performance Following Long-Term Stay on the International Space Station

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-159
Author(s):  
Yuko Nozawa ◽  
Yukiko Wagatsuma
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Carbohydrate Intake ◽  
International Space ◽  
Exercise Effect ◽  
Ankle Plantar Flexion

INTRODUCTION: Exposure to microgravity reduces muscle mass, volume, and performance. The ingestion of protein, especially combined with carbohydrate intake and exercise after ingestion, improves net muscle protein synthesis and increases muscle mass. However, there are few studies on this relationship during and after a long-term spaceflight. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of protein and the combined effects of carbohydrate intake on muscle performance following long-term spaceflight.METHODS: This study is a retrospective cohort study involving secondary analysis of data stored in the NASA Lifetime Surveillance of Astronaut Health Repository. Multivariable analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of protein intake on physical performance by considering covariates potentially associated with each model.RESULTS: After adjusting for sex, age, flight week, energy intake, and preflight physical performance, protein intake was found to be significantly associated with concentric measurements for knee extension ( 51.66), ankle plantar flexion ( 32.86), and eccentric measurements for ankle plantar flexion ( 79.85) at 5 d after landing. Significant associations remained after controlling for exercise effect. No significant interaction between protein and carbohydrate intake was observed in either model.DISCUSSION: Protein intake during spaceflight was related to physical performance for knee extension and ankle plantar flexion, even after taking exercise effect into consideration. However, protein and carbohydrate intake provided no synergetic benefit. This suggests that high protein intake, about twice the current average intake, may serve as a countermeasure to offset the negative effects of long-duration spaceflights.Nozawa Y, Wagatsuma Y. Protein intake and physical performance following long-term stay on the International Space Station. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(3):153159.

scholarly journals Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, Plasma Klotho, and Lower-Extremity Physical Performance Among Older Adults: Findings From the InCHIANTI Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 1156-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Shardell ◽  
Richard D. Semba ◽  
Rita R. Kalyani ◽  
Gregory E. Hicks ◽  
Stefania Bandinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D
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