EFFECTS OF TWELVE WEEKS OF RESVERATROL SUPPLEMENTATION ON LOWER EXTREMITY PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE IN OLDER ADULTS

Lower extremity functioning in older adults provides a measure of poor physical performance and can predict negative health outcomes. The consequences of reduced lower extremity functioning on cognitive decline, measured as time-varying variables, have not been well documented in previous studies. We aimed to evaluate whether lower extremity functioning is associated with an increased incidence rate of probable dementia among older adults using data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS). Participants (n = 6457) were followed for 8 years to examine the relationship between lower extremity functioning, as measured by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and incident probable dementia. Using weighted data, a multivariable Poisson regression with generalized estimating equations (GEE) was used to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRR), adjusting for covariates and clustering. Participants with low SPPB scores (0–5) had a 5% increase in incident probable dementia when compared with those who had good SPPB scores (10–12) in the adjusted model (IRR = 1.05; 95% CI = 1.04–1.07). Lower extremity functioning is associated with a modest increase in incident probable dementia. The SPPB score may be helpful in identifying subjects at risk of dementia. Efforts aimed at improving physical functioning may lead to better cognitive outcomes.

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The Virtual Short Physical Performance Battery: Psychometric Properties and Validation in Older Adults With Multiple Sclerosis

Journal of Applied Gerontology ◽

10.1177/0733464817709532 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (10) ◽

pp. 1492-1505 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rachel E. Bollaert ◽

Anthony P. Marsh ◽

Gary R. Cutter ◽

Robert W. Motl

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Older Adults ◽

Lower Extremity ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Physical Function ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Short Physical Performance Battery ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Residential Settings ◽

Age And Sex

Background: There are increasing numbers of older adults with multiple sclerosis (MS) who undergo declines in physical function that require attention of clinicians and researchers. Objective and perceived measures of disablement feasible for clinical and residential settings, such as the Short Physical Performance Battery and its virtual counterpart (vSPPB), are critical for defining the degree of disablement. Objective: We evaluated the psychometric properties and validity of the vSPPB as a measure of perceived lower extremity physical function in older adults with MS (age ≥60 years). Method: The sample included 35 older adults with MS and 35 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (age ≥60 years) who completed a battery of assessments, including the vSPPB. Results: The vSPPB performed satisfactorily in older adults with MS regarding data quality, scaling assumptions, and acceptability (i.e., psychometrics). The vSPPB further demonstrated criterion, known-groups, convergent, and discriminant construct validity. Conclusion: This report provides evidence for the validity of vSPPB scores as a measure of perceived lower extremity physical function in older adults with MS.

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Abstract P103: Impairment of Lower Extremity Physical Performance in Non-Dialysis CKD.

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.125.suppl_10.ap103 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽

Author(s):

Baback Roshanravan ◽

Bryan Kestenbaum ◽

Jaimie Giffuni ◽

Cassiane Robinson-Cohen ◽

Leslie I Katzel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Renal Function ◽

Lower Extremity ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Peak Expiratory Flow ◽

Gait Speed ◽

Normative Data ◽

Walk Distance ◽

Expiratory Flow ◽

Minute Walk

Background: Kidney dysfunction leads to the retention of metabolic waste products which may subsequently impair muscle function and physical performance. Methods: We prospectively measured physical performance in 183 stroke-free older adults with stage 3-4 CKD to determine the pattern of functional impairment and the relationship of performance with severity of CKD. Functional tests included the short physical performance battery (SPPB), 4 meter walk (gait speed), 6 minute walk distance (6MWD), timed get up and go test (TGUAG), grip strength, and peak expiratory flow. Physical performance in the CKD cohort was compared to normative data obtained from 78 non-CKD controls for the TGUAG and to expected performance from published normative data for other performance measures. Among CKD subjects, associations of performance with eGFR and proteinuria were estimated using linear regression adjusting for age, sex, race, height, and weight. Results: Mean eGFR was 34.8 ±12.5 mL/min/1.73m 2 , mean BMI 30.6 ±6 kg/m 2 , and median proteinuria 240 mg/g. Mean age was 66 ±7.7years, 91% were male, 33% African American, and 40% diabetic. CKD patients had significantly worse performance compared to predicted values on the TGUAG test (36 ±41% slower), gait speed (-31.7 ±15%), 6MWD (-31 ±15%), and peak expiratory flow (-25 ±34%). Among CKD subjects, lower eGFR and greater proteinuria were associated with worse performance on the 6MWD ( Table ). In contrast, no significant associations were observed between eGFR or proteinuria with performance on the other physical performance tests. Renal Function Measure 6 Meter Walk Distance (meters) Units β * (95%CI) P value GFR MDRD (mL/min/1.73m 2) 10mL/min/1.73m 2 decrement −11.0 (-23.0, 1.1) 0.07 45-59 Ref 30-44 −7.0 (-38, 24) .044 <30 −35 (-68, -1.3) Proteinuria (mg/g Cr) 1 ln-increment −11.0 (-21.1, -0.9) 0.033 0-299 Ref ≥300 −25.8 (-53, 1.38) 0.063 * Adjusted for age, sex, race, height, and weight Conclusions: Older adults with CKD exhibit markedly reduced physical performance, especially for tests of lower extremity function. Lower renal function and greater proteinuria are associated with worse performance on the 6-minute walk test, a measure of submaximal gait.

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Lower-Extremity Kinetic Response to Activity Program Dosing in Older Adults

Journal of Applied Biomechanics ◽

10.1123/jab.17.2.103 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 103-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

George J. Salem ◽

Man-Ying Wang ◽

Stanley P. Azen ◽

Jean T. Young ◽

Gail A. Greendale

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Lower Extremity ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Initial Study ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Significant Treatment ◽

Acute Changes ◽

Performance Gains ◽

Weighted Vest

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of two doses of a weighted vest on acute lower-extremity gait kinetics in older adults. Peak ankle, knee, and hip net joint moments were quantified in 56 men and women volunteers (73.8 ± 6.9 years old) enrolled in a 6-month physical activity study. At the initial study visit, participants underwent 6 walking trials (3 with vest, 3 without vest) at their normal pace. During the vest-wearing trials, participants wore a vest loaded with either 0% of body weight (BW) (n= 19), 3% of BW (n= 16), or 5% of BW (n= 21). With acute application of the vests, maximum peak plantarflexion moments increased by 5.7% in the 5% BW group compared to the 0% BW group,p< 0.01. Compared to the 0% vest-weight group, knee extension moments increased by 13.8% when 5% BW was applied,p< 0.01; a marginally significant treatment effect was evident in the 3% BW group,p= 0.04. Despite these acute alterations, knee strength and physical performance did not improve when subjects wore the vests 2 hours a day, 4 days a week for 27 weeks, without additional exercise prescription. These findings suggest that: (a) the acute changes in vest-mediated lower-extremity kinetics are not systemic but joint specific and load dependent, and (b) weighted vest prescription should be greater than 5% BW without prescribed exercise, or should include prescribed exercises, to invoke long-term strength and physical performance gains in older adults.

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Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism, Lower Extremity Strength, and Physical Performance in Older Adults

Physical Therapy ◽

10.1093/ptj/pzz073 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 99 (8) ◽

pp. 998-1009

Author(s):

Kurt Shuler ◽

Joseph F Sucic ◽

Susan Ann Talley ◽

Allon Goldberg

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Lower Extremity ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Interaction Effects ◽

Converting Enzyme ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lower Extremity Strength ◽

Ace Genotype ◽

And Performance

AbstractBackgroundEvidence for associations between the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene and physical performance is conflicting. Furthermore, investigations of relationships between lower extremity strength and physical performance have usually not considered the role of the ACE genotype, and it is unclear whether there are variations in relationships between lower extremity strength and physical performance among ACE genotypes in older adults.ObjectiveThe objectives of this study were to investigate associations between the ACE I/D polymorphism and physical performance and to determine whether relationships between lower extremity strength and physical performance vary among ACE genotypes in older adults.DesignThis was a cross-sectional observational study.MethodsCommunity-dwelling adults (N = 88) who were at least 60 years old completed physical performance and lower extremity strength tests. After DNA was extracted from saliva, ACE I/D polymorphism genotyping was done. The Spearman rank order correlation coefficient was used to examine associations between lower extremity strength and physical performance within ACE genotype subgroups. Analysis of covariance and linear regression were used to examine ACE genotype and ACE genotype × lower extremity strength interaction effects in relation to physical performance.ResultsGenotype-specific correlation coefficients exhibited substantial variation among ACE genotype subgroups; however, differences did not attain statistical significance. Statistically significant genotype × lower extremity strength interaction effects in relation to physical performance were detected.LimitationsThe cross-sectional design precludes inferring causal relationships between strength and performance. The small sample size contributed to limited power to detect additional interaction effects and to detect statistically significant differences between correlation coefficients among ACE genotype subgroups.ConclusionsThe ACE I/D polymorphism is, interactively with lower extremity strength, associated with physical performance. Genotype-specific correlation coefficients and ACE genotype × lower extremity strength interaction effects on physical performance are consistent with variations in relationships between lower extremity strength and performance among ACE genotype subgroups.

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The Effects of a Multicomponent Lower Extremity Training Technique on Physical Function in Healthy Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine ◽

10.1177/2333721420935702 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 233372142093570

Author(s):

Hungu Jung ◽

Yumiko Miki ◽

Ryo Tanaka ◽

Masahiro Yamasaki

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Lower Extremity ◽

Physical Function ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Knee Flexion ◽

Functional Independence ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Healthy Older Adults ◽

Functional Reach Test

Objective: We aimed to examine the outcomes of our novel multicomponent lower extremity training (MLT) technique on physical function in older adults. Methods: Participants were randomly divided into a training group (TG) or a control group (CG). The TG (4 men, 14 women) received MLT for 24 weeks, once per week. MLT contains strength, balance, and flexibility components. The CG (5 men, 10 women) did not receive any training for 24 weeks. Nine lower extremity range of motions (ROMs; hip flexion, hip abduction, hip adduction, hip extension, internal and external hip rotations, knee flexion, ankle dorsiflexion, and ankle plantar flexion) and two muscle strength assessments (knee extension and flexion) were collected. Physical performance tests were also performed, including the functional reach test, timed up and go test (TUGT), and five times sit-to-stand test (FTSST). Results: After 24 weeks, significant increases were observed in the TG in all ROMs (with the exception of knee flexion), knee extension strength, and performance in the TUGT and FTSST. Conclusions: MLT significantly improved ROM, muscle strength, and physical performance in healthy older adults. We suggest that it is an efficacious intervention in the maintenance and improvement of mobility and functional independence in healthy older adults. Trial registration: UMIN CTR, UMIN000037463. https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000041955

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