Maximal Physiological Responses to Deep-Water and Treadmill Running in Young and Older Women

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly S. Chu ◽  
Edward C. Rhodes ◽  
Jack E. Taunton ◽  
Alan D. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Acute Bout ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Deep Water Running

The purpose of this study was to assess the difference in maximal physiological responses between an acute bout of deep-water running (DWR) and treadmill running (TMR) in young and older adults. Participants were 9 young and 9 older women who performed maximal DWR and TMR tests. Maximal measures included oxygen consumption (VO2max), heart rate (HRmax), ventilation (VE), respiratory-exchange ratio (RER), and blood lactate (BLac). The young women exhibited higher VO2max, HRmax, VE, and BLac than did the older women for both exercise conditions (p < .05). Lower VO2max and HRmax values were observed with DWR for both age groups (p < .05). No significant differences were found for VE, RER, and BLac in either group between exercise conditions, nor a significant interaction between exercise conditions or ages for any of the variables measured. The data suggest that although older adults exhibit lower maximal metabolic responses, differences between DWR and TMR responses occur irrespective of age.

Transcriptional basis for exercise limitation in male eNOS-knockout mice with age: heart failure and the fetal phenotype

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (4) ◽  
pp. H1399-H1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Ojaimi ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Shintaro Kinugawa ◽  
Heiner Post ◽  
Anna Csiszar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽  
No Synthase ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Gene Arrays ◽  
Exercise Limitation ◽  
Treadmill Testing ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Linear Correlations

Endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) is pivotal in regulating mitochondrial O2 consumption (V̇o2) and glucose uptake in mice. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of age- and genotype-related exercise limitation in male endothelial NO synthase (eNOS)-knockout (KO, n = 16) and wild-type (WT, n = 19) mice. Treadmill testing was performed at 12, 14, 16, 18, and 21 mo of age. V̇o2, CO2 production, respiratory exchange ratio, and maximal running distance were determined during treadmill running. There were good linear correlations for increase of speed with increase of V̇o2. The difference between KO and WT mice was not significant at 12 mo but was significant at 18 mo. Linear regression showed that KO mice consumed more O2 at the same absolute and relative workloads, suggesting that V̇o2 was not inhibited by NO in KO mice. KO mice performed 30–50% less work than WT mice at each age (work = vertical distance × weight). In contrast to WT mice, the work performed by KO mice significantly decreased from 17 ± 1.4 m·kg at 12 mo to 9.4 ± 1.7 m·kg at 21 mo. Running distance was significantly decreased from 334 ± 27 m at 12 mo to 178 ± 38 m at 21 mo, and maximal V̇o2, CO2 production, and respiratory exchange ratio per work unit were significantly higher in KO than in WT mice. Gene arrays showed evidence of a fetal phenotype in KO mice at 21 mo. In conclusion, age- and genotype-related exercise limitations in maximal work performed and maximal running distance in male eNOS-KO mice indicated that fetal phenotype and age were related to onset of heart failure.

scholarly journals Barriers and Motivators of Physical Activity Participation in Middle-Aged and Older Adults—A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 929-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Spiteri ◽  
David Broom ◽  
Amira Hassan Bekhet ◽  
John Xerri de Caro ◽  
Bob Laventure ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Influences ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
Health Promotion Interventions ◽  
Barriers And Motivators

Identifying the difference in the barriers and motivators between middle-aged and older adults could contribute toward the development of age-specific health promotion interventions. The aim of this review was to synthesize the literature on the barriers and motivators for physical activity in middle-aged (50–64 years) and older (65–70 years) adults. This review examined qualitative and quantitative studies using the theoretical domain framework as the guiding theory. The search generated 9,400 results from seven databases, and 55 articles meeting the inclusion criteria were included. The results indicate that the barriers are comparable across the two age groups, with environmental factors and resources being the most commonly identified barriers. In older adults, social influences, reinforcement, and assistance in managing change were the most identified motivators. In middle-aged adults, goal-setting, the belief that an activity will be beneficial, and social influences were identified as the most important motivators. These findings can be used by professionals to encourage engagement with and adherence to physical activity.

A Lower-Extremities Kinematic Comparison of Deep-Water Running Styles and Treadmill Running

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garry L. Killgore ◽  
Anthony R. Wilcox ◽  
Brian L. Caster ◽  
Terry M. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Deep Water Running

Comparison of physiological responses of women and men to isometric exercise

1975 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 863-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Petrofsky ◽  
R. L. Burse ◽  
A. R. Lind
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Isometric Exercise ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
The Difference

The volunteers for this study were 83 women, aged 19–65 yr, drawn from several different occupations. Three minutes after exerting maximal handgrip strength (MVC) each subject held a tension of 40 percent MVC to fatigue. Blood pressures and heart rates were measured before, during, and after the endurance of contraction. Age was associated with a reduction of strength of the women, whereas their endurance at 40 percent at 40 per cent MVC increased. There was evidence that menopause enhanced those age effects for strength and endurance. At rest, age was associated with a decreased heart rate. As expected, the heart rates of all the women increased during the endurance contraction. But that increase was greater for the younger than for the older women, thereby exaggerating the difference due to age already seen at rest. Systolic blood pressure at rest was higher with age and, in a similar manner, that relationship was also exaggerated throughout the isometric contraction. Diastolic blood pressure, however, was not changed with age at rest, and although the diastolic pressure increased during the isometric exercise, the rate of increase was unaffected by age. The results obtained are compared with those from a similarly large number of men examined in identical circumstances.

scholarly journals Maximal Physiological Responses to Deep Water Running at Thermoneutral Temperature.

1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuto Nakanishi ◽  
Tetsuya Kimura ◽  
Yoshinori Yokoo
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Deep Water Running

scholarly journals Older Adults Have a Low Capacity To Opsonize Pneumococci Due to Low IgM Antibody Response to Pneumococcal Vaccinations

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 314-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeyoung Park ◽  
Moon H. Nahm
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Functional Difference ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Igm Antibody ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Antibody Levels

ABSTRACTSince the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) is less effective for older adults than for young adults, it is important to investigate the immunologic basis for the reduced efficacy of PPV23 among older adults. We determined the effectiveness of PPV23 among young (n= 55) and older (n= 44) adults by measuring the serum IgG, IgM, and IgA concentrations and opsonic capacities against serotypes 14, 18C, and 23F. While young and older adults showed no difference in levels of IgG antibodies against pneumococcal polysaccharide (PPS), older adults had lower IgA and IgM antibody levels than young adults for all three serotypes. In both age groups, anti-PPS IgA or IgM antibody levels were much lower than anti-PPS IgG antibody levels. Young adults showed higher opsonic capacities than older adults for serotypes 14 and 23F. In order to determine the effects of anti-PPS IgA or IgM antibodies on the functional difference between young and older adults, anti-PPS IgA or IgM antibodies were removed from immune sera by affinity chromatography. The difference in opsonic capacity between young and older adults disappeared for serotypes 14 and 23F (but not for serotype 18C) when IgM antibody was removed. However, there was no significant difference between the two age groups when IgA antibody was removed. In conclusion, even though anti-PPS IgG antibody levels are high compared with anti-PPS IgM antibody levels, the low levels of anti-PPS IgM antibody alone can explain the functional difference observed between young and older adults immunized with PPV23 with regard to some pneumococcal serotypes.

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