The Influence of Familiarization Sessions on the Stability of Ramp and Ballistic Isometric Torque in Older Adults

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 390-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian F. Wallerstein ◽  
Renato Barroso ◽  
Valmor Tricoli ◽  
Marco T. Mello ◽  
Carlos Ugrinowitsch
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Isometric Knee Extension ◽  
Isometric Torque ◽  
Ballistic Contraction ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Older Men And Women ◽  
Torque Development ◽  
Ramp Contractions

Ramp isometric contractions determine peak torque (PT) and neuromuscular activation (NA), and ballistic contractions can be used to evaluate rate of torque development (RTD) and electrical mechanical delay (EMD). The purposes of this study were to assess the number of sessions required to stabilize ramp and ballistic PT and to compare PT and NA between contractions in older adults. Thirty-five older men and women (age 63.7 ± 3.7 yr, body mass 64.3 ± 10.7 kg, height 159.2 ± 6.6 cm) performed 4 sessions of unilateral ramp and ballistic isometric knee extension, 48 hr apart. PT significantly increased (main time effectp< .05) from the first to the third session, with no further improvements thereafter. There was a trend toward higher PT in ballistic than in ramp contractions. No difference between contraction types on EMG values was observed. Therefore, the authors suggest that 3 familiarization sessions be performed to correctly assess PT. In addition, PT, NA, RTD, and EMD can be assessed with ballistic contraction in older adults.

scholarly journals Cigarette Smoking Is Associated With Lower Quadriceps Cross-sectional Area and Attenuation in Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 935-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa A Marques ◽  
Martine Elbejjani ◽  
Andrew W Frank-Wilson ◽  
Vilmundur Gudnason ◽  
Gunnar Sigurdsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rate Of Torque Development ◽  
Muscle Attenuation ◽  
Torque Development

Abstract Introduction In addition to well-established links with cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, cigarette smoking may affect skeletal muscle; however, associations with quadriceps atrophy, density, and function are unknown. This study explored the associations of current and former smoking with quadriceps muscle area and attenuation as well as muscle force (assessed as knee extension peak torque) and rate of torque development—a measure of muscle power in older adults. Methods Data from 4469 older adults, aged 66–95 years at baseline in the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study with measurements of thigh computed tomography, isometric knee extension testing, self-reported smoking history, and potential covariates were analyzed. Results Sex differences were observed in these data; therefore, our final analyses are stratified by sex. In men, both former smokers and current smokers had lower muscle area (with β= –0.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] = –0.17 to –0.03 and β = –0.19, 95% CI = –0.33 to –0.05, respectively) and lower muscle attenuation (ie, higher fat infiltration, β = –0.08, 95% CI = –0.16 to –0.01 and β = –0.17, 95% CI = –0.34 to –0.01, respectively) when compared with never smokers. Smoking status was not associated with male peak torque or rate of torque development. In women, current smoking was associated with lower muscle attenuation (β = –0.24, 95% CI = –0.34 to –0.13) compared to never smoking. Among female smokers (current and former), muscle attenuation and peak torque were lower with increasing pack-years. Conclusions Results suggest that cigarette smoking is related to multiple muscle properties at older age and that these relationships may be different among men and women. Implications This article presents novel data, as it examined for the first time the relationship between smoking and computed tomography-derived quadriceps muscle size (cross-sectional area) and attenuation. This study suggests that current cigarette smoking is related to higher muscle fat infiltration, which may have significant health implications for the older population, because of its known association with poor physical function, falls, and hip fractures.

The Acute Effects of Fast-Paced Walking on Isometric Peak Torque and Rate of Torque Development in Regularly Exercising and Inactive Older Women

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ty B. Palmer ◽  
Jarrod Blinch ◽  
Ahalee C. Farrow ◽  
Chinonye C. Agu-Udemba ◽  
Ethan A. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Rate Of Torque Development ◽  
Isometric Knee Extension ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Inactive Group ◽  
Torque Development

This study aimed to examine the acute effects of fast-paced walking on isometric peak torque and rate of torque development (RTD) in regular exercising and inactive older women. Ten regular exercising (67 ± 4 years) and 10 inactive (68 ± 4 years) older women performed three isometric knee extension contractions before and after a control condition (quiet resting) and an experimental condition of fast-paced walking for 6 min. Peak torque and early (RTD100), late (RTD200), and maximum (peak RTD) RTD measurements were obtained from each contraction. Results showed no significant changes in peak torque, peak RTD, or RTD200 after walking for either group (p > .050). A significant decrease in RTD100 was observed after walking for the inactive group (p = .005) but not for the regular exercisers (p = .909). These findings highlight the importance of physical activity and suggest that a task as simple as walking may impair the rapid strength capacities of inactive older women.

scholarly journals Fast Unilateral Isometric Knee Extension Torque Development and Bilateral Jump Height

2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1843-1852 ◽  
Author(s):  
CORNELIS J. DE RUITER ◽  
DANIEL VAN LEEUWEN ◽  
ARJAN HEIJBLOM ◽  
MAARTEN F. BOBBERT ◽  
ARNOLD DE HAAN
Keyword(s):  
Knee Extension ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Isometric Knee Extension ◽  
Torque Development

Effect of Aging on Trunk Muscle Function and Its Influence on Falls Among Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 699-706
Author(s):  
Jaqueline M. Porto ◽  
Sállua B. Spilla ◽  
Luciana M. Cangussu-Oliveira ◽  
Renato C. Freire Júnior ◽  
Ana Paula M. Nakaishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Young Group ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Rate Of Torque Development ◽  
Extensor Torque ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Torque Development

The objective was to determine whether trunk muscle function is influenced by the aging process and to identify if the trunk can be an important factor in older people’s falls over a period of 1 year. The peak torque, rate of torque development, and torque steadiness of the trunk extensors and flexors were compared between a young group, older group (older adults with no episodes of falls), and older faller group (older adults who had suffered at least one fall episode over a period of 1 year) by one-way analysis of variance, followed by the post hoc Tukey test. The adjusted multivariate linear regression was applied to verify the association between the number of falls and the trunk parameters in older adults. The young group showed higher extensors and flexors peak torque and rate of torque development, and lower extensor torque steadiness at 10% when compared with older groups. Only trunk flexor peak torque showed a negative association with the number of future falls (p = .042), but there was no difference in trunk muscle function between the older group and the older faller group.

scholarly journals Rate of Muscle Activation in Power-and Endurance-Trained Boys

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron Mitchell ◽  
Rotem Cohen ◽  
Raffy Dotan ◽  
David Gabriel ◽  
Panagiota Klentrou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Surface Emg ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Electromechanical Delay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Isometric Knee Extension ◽  
Muscle Cross Sectional Area

Previous studies in adults have demonstrated power athletes as having greater muscle force and muscle activation than nonathletes. Findings on endurance athletes are scarce and inconsistent. No comparable data on child athletes exist.Purpose:This study compared peak torque (Tq), peak rate of torque development (RTD), and rate of muscle activation (EMG rise, Q30), in isometric knee extension (KE) and fexion (KF), in pre- and early-pubertal power- and endurance-trained boys vs minimally active nonathletes.Methods:Nine gymnasts, 12 swimmers, and 18 nonathletes (7–12 y), performed fast, maximal isometric KE and KF. Values for Tq, RTD, electromechanical delay (EMD), and Q30 were calculated from averaged torque and surface EMG traces.Results:No group differences were observed in Tq, normalized for muscle cross-sectional area. The Tq-normalized KE RTD was highest in power athletes (6.2 ± 1.9, 4.7 ± 1.2, 5.0 ± 1.5 N·m·s–1, for power, endurance, and nonathletes, respectively), whereas no group differences were observed for KF. The KE Q30 was significantly greater in power athletes, both in absolute terms and relative to peak EMG amplitude (9.8 ± 7.0, 5.9 ± 4.2, 4.4 ± 2.2 mV·ms and 1.7 ± 0.8, 1.1 ± 0.6, 0.9 ± 0.5 (mV·ms)/(mV) for power, endurance, and nonathletes, respectively), with no group differences in KF. The KE EMD tended to be shorter (P = .07) in power athletes during KE (71.0 ± 24.1, 87.8 ± 18.0, 88.4 ± 27.8 ms, for power, endurance, and nonathletes), with no group differences in KF.Conclusions:Pre- and early-pubertal power athletes have enhanced rate of muscle activation in specifically trained muscles compared with controls or endurance athletes, suggesting that specific training can result in muscle activation-pattern changes before the onset of puberty.

Predictability of maximum voluntary isometric knee extension force from submaximal contractions in older adults

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott K. Stackhouse ◽  
Jennifer E. Stevens ◽  
Christopher D. Johnson ◽  
Lynn Snyder-Mackler ◽  
Stuart A. Binder-Macleod
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Isometric Knee Extension ◽  
Extension Force

Discriminatory Ability of Lower-Extremity Peak Torque and Rate of Torque Development in the Identification of Older Women With Slow Gait Speed

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Hellen Morcelli ◽  
Dain Patrick LaRoche ◽  
Luciano Fernandes Crozara ◽  
Nise Ribeiro Marques ◽  
Camilla Zamfolini Hallal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Muscle Group ◽  
Rate Of Torque Development ◽  
Functional Gait ◽  
Hip Extension ◽  
Torque Development

The aim was to compare torque and rate of torque development of lower limb muscles between older women with functional and slow gait speeds to determine which muscle group is the best predictor of functional gait speed, and to establish strength thresholds needed for functional walking speed. Torque and rate of torque development of hip, knee, and ankle muscles were measured in older women who were divided in 2 groups according to gait speed: slow gait speed (<1.22 m·s−1) and functional gait speed (≥1.22 m·s−1). For each muscle group, 3 maximal isometric contractions were performed, and peak torque and rate of torque development were recorded. Older women with slow gait speed had lower peak torque than older women with functional gait speed for hip extension (28%), knee flexion (15%), knee extension (14%), and plantar flexion (16%) (allPs < .05). Older women with slow gait speed had lower peak rate of torque development for hip flexion (29%), hip extension (37%), knee flexion (34%), knee extension (33%), and plantar flexion (19%) (allPs < .05). Knee extension peak rate of torque development and hip extension peak torque were the better predictors of functional gait speed with thresholds of 2.96 N·m·s−1·kg−1and 1.26 N·m·kg−1, respectively.

Rate of Torque Development and Torque Steadiness of the Lower Limb and Future Falls Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults Without Previous Falls: A Longitudinal 1-Year Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jaqueline Mello Porto ◽  
Renato Campos Freire Júnior ◽  
Luana Letícia Capato ◽  
Sállua Berlanga Spilla ◽  
Ana Paula Midori Nakaishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Telephone Contact ◽  
Rate Of Torque Development ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
Torque Development

The objective was to investigate the association between rate of torque development (RTD) and torque steadiness (TS) of the lower limb and the occurrence of prospective falls in community-dwelling older adults without falls in the previous year. One hundred older adults performed the tests to obtain the RTD and TS of the hip, knee, and ankle. New episodes of falls were monitored through telephone contact for a prospective period of 12 months. The association of RTD and TS with the occurrence of prospective falls was verified by multiple logistic regression adjusted for confounding variables. There was no association between RTD of hip, knee, and ankle and prospective falls. Only the TS at 50% of the peak torque of the hip flexors was associated with the occurrence of future falls (p = .023). Identifying modifiable risk factors for the first fall in older adults is essential for the development of adequate prevention programs.

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