The Measurement of Socially Desirable Responding in Two-Person Relationships: The Coach-Athlete Relationship

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia Jowett
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Impression Management ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Relational Context ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
Future Research Directions

Four studies were conducted to assess the psychometric properties and the theoretical basis of a version of the Inventory of Desirable Responding in Relationships, which was originally developed and validated for the assessment of romantic relationships, in a different relational context (i.e., coach-athlete relationships). The first study aimed to address the content validity of the modified inventory, the Inventory of Desirable Responding in Coach-Athlete Relationship (IDR-CART) scale. The second study employed factor analytic techniques to examine its psychometric properties. Results confirmed the two-factor structure of the inventory: self-deception (CART-SD) and impression management (CART-IM). In the third study, data were collected under public and anonymous conditions. Results revealed, however, that neither condition supported the factor structure, thereby casting doubt on theoretical assumptions. The fourth study demonstrated that CART-SD is associated with indices of relationship quality, providing evidence of convergent validity. Limitations and future research directions are discussed.

The Caregiving System Scale

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiana Colledani ◽  
Anna M. Meneghini ◽  
Mario Mikulincer ◽  
Phillip R. Shaver
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Gender Invariance ◽  
Caregiving System ◽  
Attachment Orientations ◽  
Behavioral System ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Provision Of Care

Abstract. According to attachment theory, the propensity of human beings to care for others is governed by an inborn caregiving behavioral system that aims to promote welfare and reduce the distress of other people through effective provision of care. However, some individuals may develop non-optimal caregiving strategies, such as anxious hyperactivation and avoidant deactivation. These two non-optimal caregiving strategies can be evaluated in adults using the Caregiving System Scale (CSS). Recent findings suggested that the factor structure of the instrument may be more complex than was intended. The present work examines in-depth the factor structure of the CSS to provide a clearer understanding of the underlying dimensions. Gender invariance and the contribution of attachment orientations to CSS scores are also examined. Findings reveal that, whereas the CSS-deactivation subscale is unidimensional, the CSS-hyperactivation subscale is better represented by two distinct yet related constructs – caregiving-related worries/doubts and intrusive/coercive caregiving. Partial strict gender invariance is supported. The contribution of attachment orientations to non-optimal caregiving strategies is consistent with theoretical expectations. Results and future research directions are discussed in the final section.

Subjective Invulnerability, Risk Behavior, and Adjustment in Early Adolescence

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick L. Hill ◽  
Peter M. Duggan ◽  
Daniel K. Lapsley
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Early Adolescents ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Psychological Risks

The current study investigated whether invulnerability manifests with adaptive and maladaptive outcomes during early adolescence. We sampled 248 (53% female; 63% Caucasian; [Formula: see text] years) early adolescents on the Adolescent Invulnerability Scale (AIS), and measures of drug use, delinquency, depressive symptoms, and mastery and coping. The AIS demonstrated a two-factor structure, which captured whether adolescents felt invulnerable to danger or psychological risks. Danger Invulnerability positively predicted delinquency and drug use. Conversely, Psychological Invulnerability negatively predicted depressive symptoms but positively predicted mastery and coping. These results suggest that felt invulnerability leads to both benefits and risks for early adolescents. Implications and future research directions are discussed.

scholarly journals Methods of Detecting Insufficient Effort Responding: Comparisons and Practical Recommendations

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 312-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwell Hong ◽  
Jeffrey T. Steedle ◽  
Ying Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Biased Responding ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Insufficient effort responding (IER) affects many forms of assessment in both educational and psychological contexts. Much research has examined different types of IER, IER’s impact on the psychometric properties of test scores, and preprocessing procedures used to detect IER. However, there is a gap in the literature in terms of practical advice for applied researchers and psychometricians when evaluating multiple sources of IER evidence, including the best strategy or combination of strategies when preprocessing data. In this study, we demonstrate how the use of different IER detection methods may affect psychometric properties such as predictive validity and reliability. Moreover, we evaluate how different data cleansing procedures can detect different types of IER. We provide evidence via simulation studies and applied analysis using the ACT’s Engage assessment as a motivating example. Based on the findings of the study, we provide recommendations and future research directions for those who suspect their data may contain responses reflecting careless, random, or biased responding.

Comparing Residents’ and Tourists’ Emotional Solidarity with One Another

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 615-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle M. Woosnam
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Emotional Closeness ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Emotional Solidarity

This study is the first of its kind to examine residents’ and tourists’ degree of emotional solidarity experienced with one another in a destination—Galveston County, Texas. Two main purposes for this study are (1) to confirm the factor structure of the emotional solidarity scale for both residents and tourists while assessing psychometric properties of reliability and validity and (2) to compare residents’ and tourists’ emotional solidarity (based on resulting factors from confirmatory factor analysis) with one another. Ultimately, the scale produced the same factors (i.e., welcoming nature, emotional closeness, and sympathetic understanding) as in previous studies while exhibiting sound psychometric properties. Significant differences in mean factor scores were found for the factors welcoming nature and emotional closeness across residents and tourists. Implications, limitations, and future research directions are provided.

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