Cerebellar Engagement In The Attachment Behavioral System

Brain structural bases of individual differences in attachment are not yet fully clarified. Given the evidence of relevant cerebellar contribution to cognitive, affective, and social functions, the present research was aimed at investigating potential associations between attachment dimensions (through the Attachment Style Questionnaire, ASQ) and cerebellar macro- and micro-structural measures (Volumetric and Diffusion Tensor Imaging data). In a sample of 79 healthy subjects, cerebellar and neocortical volumetric data were correlated with ASQ scores at the voxel level within specific Regions Of Interest. Also, correlations between ASQ scores and age, years of education, anxiety and depression levels were performed to control for the effects of sociodemographic and psychological variables on neuroimaging results.Positive associations between scores of the Preoccupation with Relationships (ASQ subscale associated to insecure/anxious attachment) and cortical volume were found in the cerebellum (right lobule VI and left Crus 2) and neocortex (right medial OrbitoFrontal Cortex, OFC) regions. Cerebellar contribution to the attachment behavioral system reflects the more general cerebellar engagement in the regulation of emotional and social behaviors. Cerebellar properties of timing, prediction, and learning well integrate with OFC processing supporting the regulation of attachment experiences. Cerebellar areas might be rightfully included in the attachment behavioral system.

Conflicts and emotional manipulation in the marriage couple

In its becoming, the marital couple crosses certain obstacles, the partners can become concerned with the security of the relationship in the future, fidelity and property, attraction and rejection. Conflicts can also arise regarding the self-fulfillment and self-realization of the couple on the one hand and its stability and unity on the other. Emotional manipulation is characterized by the fact that the action of the source is primarily focused on influencing psychological processes and phenomena that are involved in structuring, orienting and supporting the attitudinal and behavioral system of the target. These can be processes in the sphere of perception, thinking, affectivity, motivation, etc. A number of psychic phenomena in the cognitive, emotional and relational spheres can be instrumentalized by the manipulator, with sometimes-spectacular results in determining and controlling human behavior, especially when this method is combined with that of information manipulation.

Secure Attachment Priming Amplifies Approach Motivation for Infant Faces Among Childless Adults

Existing studies have indicated that priming secure attachment alters adults’ neural responses to infant faces. However, no study has examined whether this effect exists for motivational behavioral responses, and none of the previous studies included adult faces as a baseline to determine whether the security prime enhances responses to human faces in general or infant faces alone. To address this limitation, the current study recruited 160 unmarried and childless adults in the first phase, and all of them completed a battery of questionnaires, including the Interest in Infants, the Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR), and State Adult Attachment Measure (SAAM). A week later, after priming, 152 (76 security-primed vs. 76 neutrally primed) participants completed the SAAM and a behavioral program assessing their motivational responses to both adult and infant faces (i.e., liking, representational, and evoked responses). A manipulation check showed that the security prime was effective. Then, generalized linear mixed-effects models (GLMMs) showed that security priming enhances adults’ liking, representational, and evoked responses (three components of the motivational system) only to infant faces and not to adult faces. Moreover, hierarchical regression analysis indicated that, even after security priming, there was a substantial linear relationship between positive motivation toward infant faces and the state of adult secure attachment. In summary, this study demonstrated for the first time that promoting the state of adult secure attachment can effectively enhance the effect size of the baby face schema. The current results were interpreted according to Bowlby’s view of the attachment behavioral system.

The Caregiving System Scale

According to attachment theory, the propensity of human beings to care for others is governed by an inborn caregiving behavioral system that aims to promote welfare and reduce the distress of other people through effective provision of care. However, some individuals may develop non-optimal caregiving strategies, such as anxious hyperactivation and avoidant deactivation. These two non-optimal caregiving strategies can be evaluated in adults using the Caregiving System Scale (CSS). Recent findings suggested that the factor structure of the instrument may be more complex than was intended. The present work examines in-depth the factor structure of the CSS to provide a clearer understanding of the underlying dimensions. Gender invariance and the contribution of attachment orientations to CSS scores are also examined. Findings reveal that, whereas the CSS-deactivation subscale is unidimensional, the CSS-hyperactivation subscale is better represented by two distinct yet related constructs – caregiving-related worries/doubts and intrusive/coercive caregiving. Partial strict gender invariance is supported. The contribution of attachment orientations to non-optimal caregiving strategies is consistent with theoretical expectations. Results and future research directions are discussed in the final section.

Art therapy and self-image: A 5-year follow-up art therapy RCT study of women diagnosed with breast cancer

Objective This follow-up study on perceived self-image and psychophysical distress/psychic symptoms was based on a ranomized contolled study of art therapy on women with breast cancer. Method The aim was to examine the long-term effects of time-limited art therapy using the instruments of Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) and Symptom Check List-90 (SCL-90). Results Three attachment clusters of the SASB showed significant changes post therapy: Autonomous self (cluster 1), Accepting self (cluster 2), and Loving self (cluster 3). Clusters 2 and 3 continued to change in favor of the intervention group at the 5-year follow-up. There were no significant differences in the SCL-90 results between the intervention group and the control group in the follow-up study. Significance of results The art therapy intervention was both therapeutic and psycho-educative. The conclusion of this study is that approaching emotions through time-limited art therapy seems to have a long-lasting effect on the attachment behavioral system shown in the SASB model post intervention, and this effect remained 5 years later.

ИГРА КАК ОСНОВА И ФАКТОР КУЛЬТУРЫ: ЛИЦЕДЕЙТВО – ЮРОДСТВО – ШАМАНСТВО

В статье рассматривается взаимосвязь трех феноменов, существующих в жизни людей в игровой форме. Впрочем, в такой форме существуют и многие другие проявления человеческой жизни. Три, исследованные в данной работе: лицедейство, юродство и шаманство – по-своему демонстрируют игру как поведенческую систему и один из важных принципов взаимоотношения между людьми. Однако, несмотря на своеобразие каждого, в них, так или иначе, присутствует феномен игры, существующей в виде притворства или двуличия. Теоретической основой статьи стали взгляды выдающегося нидерландского историка и культуролога И. Хёйзинги, изложенные им в книге Homo ludens [Человек играющий]. В ней он анализирует игровой характер культуры, провозглашая универсальность феномена игры как одного из важных составляющих человеческой цивилизации. По мнению И. Хёйзинги, человек является таковым из-за способности выступать и являться субъектом игры. И именно поэтому все, что делает человек в обыденной жизни, он облекает это делание в культурное содержание. В этой связи известный русский философ Лев Лосев оригинально выразился: «После изгнания из рая человек живет, играя». The article examines the relationship of three phenomena that exist in people’s lives as varieties of a game. In fact, many other aspects of life can exist in this way. The three phenomena studied in this work – acting, foolishness, and shamanism – represent the game as a behavioral system and one of the important principles of the interpersonal relationships. However, despite their uniqueness, they somehow imply the game either as pretense or duplicity. The study is based on the idea introduced by the outstanding Dutch historian and cultural critic I. Heizinga and described in the book “Homo ludens”. He analyzes the game nature of culture and proclaims the universality of the game as one of the important components of human civilization. According to I. Heizinga, the ability to act and be the subject of the game makes us humans. And that is why everything that one does in everyday life is placed in the cultural content. The famous Russian philosopher Lev Losev wittily wrote: “After expulsion from from paradise people live playing”.

An Integrated Social and Behavioral System Approach to Evaluation of Healthcare Information Technology for Polychronic Conditions

Healthcare delivery systems are evolving with the advances in health information technology (HIT) development and its applications to coordinated or guided care for polychronic conditions. The design features of artificial intelligence in healthcare reflect the public interest in optimizing care coordination and communication between providers and patients. This article offers a practical evaluation and assessment of the relevance of theoretical frameworks and appropriate methodologies to formalize a multi-criteria optimization of a logic model applicable for achieving the system’s efficiency and effectiveness. In specifying theoretical constructs and evaluation methods for HIT evaluation, a three-fold purpose is to show the relevance of personal and behavioral determinants of HIT use, articulate the need for developing a transdisciplinary framework, and formulate appropriate multilevel modeling and causal analysis of the determinants of HIT use and its impacts on chronic care.

Investigation of the Biological Model of Personality Based on Brain-Behavioral System Activity and Marital Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies

Objectives The current investigation was done with the aim of studying the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relation between brain-behavioral system activity and marital satisfaction of families living in Mahshar city. Methods 200 married people (106 female & 94 male) referring to two clinics of Petrochemical Industries of Mahshahr that were selected voluntarily. Research measurements were Gray-Wilson Personality Questionnaire (GWPQ), ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale (Persian-Brief), and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). Results The results showed that all dimensions of cognitive emotion regulation and brain-behavioral system activity of participants were significantly associated with marital satisfaction. The results also showed that both negative and positive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation and two dimensions of active avoidance and the fight/flight system as components of the behavioral-brain system activity directly and the behavioral inhibition system indirectly were associated with marital satisfaction. In general, the results of this study showed that the components of the brain-behavioral system and cognitive emotion regulation strategies have good predictive power to predict marital satisfaction in families. Conclusion The brain-behavioral system activity as a biological and sustainable model of personality and using the cognitive emotion regulation strategies has an essential role in predicting marital satisfaction - as a general outcome of long-term interactions between couples.