Subjective Invulnerability, Risk Behavior, and Adjustment in Early Adolescence

The current study investigated whether invulnerability manifests with adaptive and maladaptive outcomes during early adolescence. We sampled 248 (53% female; 63% Caucasian; [Formula: see text] years) early adolescents on the Adolescent Invulnerability Scale (AIS), and measures of drug use, delinquency, depressive symptoms, and mastery and coping. The AIS demonstrated a two-factor structure, which captured whether adolescents felt invulnerable to danger or psychological risks. Danger Invulnerability positively predicted delinquency and drug use. Conversely, Psychological Invulnerability negatively predicted depressive symptoms but positively predicted mastery and coping. These results suggest that felt invulnerability leads to both benefits and risks for early adolescents. Implications and future research directions are discussed.

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The Caregiving System Scale

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759/a000673 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Daiana Colledani ◽

Anna M. Meneghini ◽

Mario Mikulincer ◽

Phillip R. Shaver

Keyword(s):

Factor Structure ◽

Future Research ◽

Human Beings ◽

Research Directions ◽

Gender Invariance ◽

Caregiving System ◽

Attachment Orientations ◽

Behavioral System ◽

Future Research Directions ◽

Provision Of Care

Abstract. According to attachment theory, the propensity of human beings to care for others is governed by an inborn caregiving behavioral system that aims to promote welfare and reduce the distress of other people through effective provision of care. However, some individuals may develop non-optimal caregiving strategies, such as anxious hyperactivation and avoidant deactivation. These two non-optimal caregiving strategies can be evaluated in adults using the Caregiving System Scale (CSS). Recent findings suggested that the factor structure of the instrument may be more complex than was intended. The present work examines in-depth the factor structure of the CSS to provide a clearer understanding of the underlying dimensions. Gender invariance and the contribution of attachment orientations to CSS scores are also examined. Findings reveal that, whereas the CSS-deactivation subscale is unidimensional, the CSS-hyperactivation subscale is better represented by two distinct yet related constructs – caregiving-related worries/doubts and intrusive/coercive caregiving. Partial strict gender invariance is supported. The contribution of attachment orientations to non-optimal caregiving strategies is consistent with theoretical expectations. Results and future research directions are discussed in the final section.

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COVID-19, Economic Impact, Mental Health, and Coping Behaviors: A Conceptual Framework and Future Research Directions

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.759974 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaoqian Lu ◽

Zhibin Lin

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Health Problems ◽

Social Consequences ◽

Future Research ◽

Coping Behaviors ◽

Research Directions ◽

Health Crisis ◽

Future Research Directions ◽

And Coping

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused serious economic and social consequences. Recent research shows that the pandemic has not only caused a physical health crisis but also caused many psychological and mental crises. Based on the contemporary cognitive-behavioral models, this article offers a conceptual analysis of how the pandemic affects individual mental health and coping behaviors from the perspective of individual economic status, individual context, and social context. The analysis shows that (1) the pandemic has led to increased economic uncertainty, increased unemployment and underemployment pressure, increased income uncertainty, and different degrees of employment pressure and economic difficulties; (2) these difficulties have stimulated different levels of mental health problems, ranging from perceived insecurity (environmental, food safety, etc.), worry, fear, to stress, anxiety, depression, etc., and the mental health deterioration varies across different groups, with the symptoms of psychological distress are more obvious among disadvantageous groups; and (3) mental health problems have caused behavior changes, and various stress behaviors such as protective behaviors and resistive behaviors. Future research directions are suggested.

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The Measurement of Socially Desirable Responding in Two-Person Relationships: The Coach-Athlete Relationship

Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology ◽

10.1123/jcsp.2.2.108 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 108-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sophia Jowett

Keyword(s):

Psychometric Properties ◽

Impression Management ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Study Data ◽

Future Research ◽

Research Directions ◽

Relational Context ◽

Theoretical Assumptions ◽

Future Research Directions

Four studies were conducted to assess the psychometric properties and the theoretical basis of a version of the Inventory of Desirable Responding in Relationships, which was originally developed and validated for the assessment of romantic relationships, in a different relational context (i.e., coach-athlete relationships). The first study aimed to address the content validity of the modified inventory, the Inventory of Desirable Responding in Coach-Athlete Relationship (IDR-CART) scale. The second study employed factor analytic techniques to examine its psychometric properties. Results confirmed the two-factor structure of the inventory: self-deception (CART-SD) and impression management (CART-IM). In the third study, data were collected under public and anonymous conditions. Results revealed, however, that neither condition supported the factor structure, thereby casting doubt on theoretical assumptions. The fourth study demonstrated that CART-SD is associated with indices of relationship quality, providing evidence of convergent validity. Limitations and future research directions are discussed.

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