Physical and Social Contextual Influences on Children’s Leisure-Time Physical Activity: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (s1) ◽  
pp. S103-S108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genevieve F. Dunton ◽  
Yue Liao ◽  
Stephen Intille ◽  
Jennifer Wolch ◽  
Mary Ann Pentz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment ◽  
At Home

Background:This study used real-time electronic surveys delivered through mobile phones, known as Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA), to determine whether level and experience of leisure-time physical activity differ across children’s physical and social contexts.Methods:Children (N = 121; ages 9 to 13 years; 52% male, 32% Hispanic/Latino) participated in 4 days (Fri.–Mon.) of EMA during nonschool time. Electronic surveys (20 total) assessed primary activity (eg, active play/sports/exercise), physical location (eg, home, outdoors), social context (eg, friends, alone), current mood (positive and negative affect), and enjoyment. Responses were time-matched to the number of steps and minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; measured by accelerometer) in the 30 minutes before each survey.Results:Mean steps and MVPA were greater outdoors than at home or at someone else’s house (all P < .05). Steps were greater with multiple categories of company (eg, friends and family together) than with family members only or alone (all P < .05). Enjoyment was greater outdoors than at home or someone else’s house (all P < .05). Negative affect was greater when alone and with family only than friends only (all P < .05).Conclusion:Results describing the value of outdoor and social settings could inform context-specific interventions in this age group.

scholarly journals Age-varying Bi-directional Associations Between Momentary Affect and Movement Behaviors in Children: Evidence From a Multi-wave Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Hsiang Yang ◽  
Jennifer Zink ◽  
Britni R Belcher ◽  
Martina Kanning ◽  
Genevieve F Dunton
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Abstract Background The bi-directional associations between affective states and movement behaviors (e.g., physical activity, sedentary behavior) have been observed in children. It is unclear if the strength of these bi-directional associations varies with age as children transition from childhood to adolescence. Purpose This multi-wave ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study investigates the acute time-varying associations between affect and movement behaviors among youth. Methods Children (N = 195, baseline mean age = 10.72, range = 8–12 years, mean BMI-z = 0.49, 51% female) participated in a six-wave EMA study across three years. Each EMA survey captured momentary positive and negative affect. Time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time in the 15-min window before and after each EMA survey was calculated using accelerometry data. Time-varying effect models (TVEM) examined the acute bi-directional associations between momentary positive/negative affect and MVPA/sedentary time across ages 8 to 14. Results Children provided 14,246 valid activity-matched EMA surveys across all waves. TVEM plots revealed that the directionality and the strength (time-varying slopes) of associations between momentary affect and activity levels vary across ages. Positive affect was associated with higher MVPA levels and lower sedentary time at younger ages, whereas negative affect linked to lower MVPA levels and more sedentary time at older ages. Conclusions The acute associations between momentary affect and (in)activity levels may vary as a function of children's age. Applying TVEM to intensive longitudinal data could provide valuable information for developing age-tailored interventions that promote healthy lifestyles among children and adolescents.

Momentary associations between affect and alcohol use in the daily lives of college students

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Sayed ◽  
Amanda Lee McGowan ◽  
Mia Jovanova ◽  
Danielle Cosme ◽  
Yoona Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Drinking Motives ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Objective: Alcohol is theorized to be motivated by desires to regulate negative affect and/or to enhance positive affect. We tested the association between momentary affect and alcohol use in the daily lives of college students, hypothesizing that alcohol use would be more likely to follow increases in positive affect and that alcohol use would not be strongly associated with negative affect. Method: Using two ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies consisting of two prompts per day for 28 days, we used multilevel hurdle models to test for lagged associations between positive and negative affect and alcohol use. There were 108 participants (60.19%; mean age = 20.20, SD=1.69) in EMA study 1 and 268 participants (60.03%women, mean age = 20.22, SD=1.96) in EMA study 2. To provide context for the affect-alcohol associations, we collected data on whether participants drank alone or with others at each drinking occasion and the drinking motives of participants using the Drinking Motives Questionnaire. Results: Alcohol use was more likely to occur following increases in positive affect. No significant associations emerged between fluctuations in negative affect and alcohol use. This pattern of findings was observed across both ecological momentary assessment studies. The majority of alcohol use occurred in social contexts. Conclusions: College students who report primarily social and enhancement motives for drinking and who seldom drink alone are more likely to drink following increases in positive affect.

Physical Activity and Variation in Momentary Behavioral Cognitions: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor A. Pickering ◽  
Jimi Huh ◽  
Stephen Intille ◽  
Yue Liao ◽  
Mary Ann Pentz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Outcome Expectancy ◽  
Efficacy Outcome ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Background:Decisions to perform moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) involve behavioral cognitive processes that may differ within individuals depending on the situation.Methods:Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) was used to examine the relationships of momentary behavioral cognitions (ie, self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, intentions) with MVPA (measured by accelerometer). A sample of 116 adults (mean age, 40.3 years; 72.4% female) provided real-time EMA responses via mobile phones across 4 days. Multilevel models were used to test whether momentary behavioral cognitions differed across contexts and were associated with subsequent MVPA. Mixed-effects location scale models were used to examine whether subject-level means and within-subjects variances in behavioral cognitions were associated with average daily MVPA.Results:Momentary behavioral cognitions differed across contexts for self-efficacy (P = .007) but not for outcome expectancy (P = .53) or intentions (P = .16). Momentary self-efficacy, intentions, and their interaction predicted MVPA within the subsequent 2 hours (Ps < .01). Average daily MVPA was positively associated with within-subjects variance in momentary self-efficacy and intentions for physical activity (Ps < .05).Conclusions:Although momentary behavioral cognitions are related to subsequent MVPA, adults with higher average MVPA have more variation in physical activity self-efficacy and intentions. Performing MVPA may depend more on how much behavioral cognitions vary across the day than whether they are generally high or low.

Does the Company of a Dog Influence Affective Response to Exercise? Using Ecological Momentary Assessment to Study Dog-Accompanied Physical Activity

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 388-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Liao ◽  
Olga Solomon ◽  
Genevieve F. Dunton
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Affective Response ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Dog Owners ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Purpose: This study used ecological momentary assessment (EMA), a real-time self-report strategy, to examine (1) whether dog owners were more likely to be physically active when they were with their dogs and (2) whether being with a dog amplifies positive and dampens negative affective response during physical activity. Design: Electronic EMA surveys for 12 days. Setting: Free-living. Participants: Seventy-one adult dog owners. Measures: The EMA survey included 1 question about current activity, 3 questions about positive affect (Cronbach α = .837), 4 questions about negative affect (Cronbach α = .865), and 1 question about the presence of dog. Analysis: Multilevel modeling. Results: The company of a dog did not increase the likelihood of being active versus sedentary at any given EMA prompt. However, greater positive affect during physical activity was reported in the company of a dog. Negative affect did not differ between active and sedentary activity, regardless of being with a dog or not. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the utility of electronic EMA as a promising methodology to study dog-accompanied physical activity. Future studies may use EMA to collect further contextual information about dog-accompanied activity to inform the development of innovative physical activity interventions.

Abstract P278: Impaired Nighttime Sleep Negatively Effects Next-Day Physical Activity: Results From an Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher C Imes ◽  
Christopher E Kline ◽  
Dara D Mendez ◽  
Ran Sun ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Sleep Fragmentation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Introduction: Intention to engage in physical activity (PA) is an important concept in behavior change theories. However, age, body mass index (BMI), and sleep may influence one’s intention to engage in PA and intention might not predict actual activity. Purpose: This secondary analysis examined predictors of intention to engage in PA and if the factors associated with intention predicted objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in adults who were overweight or obese and enrolled in a weight loss study. Methods: We used 6- and 12-mo data from the EMPOWER Study, an observational study examining triggers of lapse following intentional weight loss. Objective measures included up to 7 days of overlapping accelerometer and actigraphy data to assess daily MVPA and sleep. Self-report data included responses to the question “Do you intend to be physically active today?” hereafter called intention, collected at the beginning of each day via ecological momentary assessment. Analyses were performed examining: 1) the effects of subject-level covariates (e.g., age, sex, race, BMI) on intention, 2) the effects of objectively measured sleep characteristics (e.g., total sleep time [TST], number of awakenings, sleep fragmentation) on intention, and 3) the relationships between sleep, intention, and MVPA. Logistic regression using generalized estimating equations and linear mixed-effect models were used. Results: The analyses included 680 person-days at 6 mo and 678 person-days at 12 mo. Participants (N=136) were mostly female (89.8%) and white (81.8%) with a mean (± SD) age of 51.5 ± 9.9 years and BMI of 33.5 ± 4.6. At 6 mo, participants intended to engage in PA on 81.2% of days, had a mean TST of 408.9 ± 81.8 min/night, and a mean of 32.4 ± 14.7 awakenings/night. At 12 mo, PA intention decreased to 80.6% of days, TST increased to 416.5 ± 82.5 min/night, and awakenings increased to 34.0 ± 14.4 per night (p = .089 for TST; p = .043 for awakenings). Mean daily MVPA decreased from 19.0 ± 23.9 min at 6 mo to 17.3 ± 23.4 min at 12 mo (p = .185). Intention increased with increasing age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.04; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.02 -1.07). At 6 mo, sleep fragmentation, after adjusting for age, negatively affected intention (OR = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.94 - 0.98); however, it did not significantly affect intention at 12 mo. When comparing days with no PA intention to days in which participants intended to engage in PA, mean MVPA nearly tripled from 7.4 min (95% CI = 3.6 - 11.2) to 21.2 min (95% CI = 18.4 - 24.0). Furthermore, when controlling for age, time of assessment, and intention, participants engaged in an estimated 0.135 (95% CI = 0.241 - 0.029) fewer min of MVPA for each awakening. Conclusions: Based on these findings, future weight loss programs should include interventions that improve sleep quality by reducing fragmentation and strengthen the link between intention and engagement in PA.

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