scholarly journals Age-varying Bi-directional Associations Between Momentary Affect and Movement Behaviors in Children: Evidence From a Multi-wave Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Hsiang Yang ◽  
Jennifer Zink ◽  
Britni R Belcher ◽  
Martina Kanning ◽  
Genevieve F Dunton
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Abstract Background The bi-directional associations between affective states and movement behaviors (e.g., physical activity, sedentary behavior) have been observed in children. It is unclear if the strength of these bi-directional associations varies with age as children transition from childhood to adolescence. Purpose This multi-wave ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study investigates the acute time-varying associations between affect and movement behaviors among youth. Methods Children (N = 195, baseline mean age = 10.72, range = 8–12 years, mean BMI-z = 0.49, 51% female) participated in a six-wave EMA study across three years. Each EMA survey captured momentary positive and negative affect. Time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time in the 15-min window before and after each EMA survey was calculated using accelerometry data. Time-varying effect models (TVEM) examined the acute bi-directional associations between momentary positive/negative affect and MVPA/sedentary time across ages 8 to 14. Results Children provided 14,246 valid activity-matched EMA surveys across all waves. TVEM plots revealed that the directionality and the strength (time-varying slopes) of associations between momentary affect and activity levels vary across ages. Positive affect was associated with higher MVPA levels and lower sedentary time at younger ages, whereas negative affect linked to lower MVPA levels and more sedentary time at older ages. Conclusions The acute associations between momentary affect and (in)activity levels may vary as a function of children's age. Applying TVEM to intensive longitudinal data could provide valuable information for developing age-tailored interventions that promote healthy lifestyles among children and adolescents.

Physical and Social Contextual Influences on Children’s Leisure-Time Physical Activity: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (s1) ◽  
pp. S103-S108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genevieve F. Dunton ◽  
Yue Liao ◽  
Stephen Intille ◽  
Jennifer Wolch ◽  
Mary Ann Pentz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment ◽  
At Home

Background:This study used real-time electronic surveys delivered through mobile phones, known as Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA), to determine whether level and experience of leisure-time physical activity differ across children’s physical and social contexts.Methods:Children (N = 121; ages 9 to 13 years; 52% male, 32% Hispanic/Latino) participated in 4 days (Fri.–Mon.) of EMA during nonschool time. Electronic surveys (20 total) assessed primary activity (eg, active play/sports/exercise), physical location (eg, home, outdoors), social context (eg, friends, alone), current mood (positive and negative affect), and enjoyment. Responses were time-matched to the number of steps and minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; measured by accelerometer) in the 30 minutes before each survey.Results:Mean steps and MVPA were greater outdoors than at home or at someone else’s house (all P < .05). Steps were greater with multiple categories of company (eg, friends and family together) than with family members only or alone (all P < .05). Enjoyment was greater outdoors than at home or someone else’s house (all P < .05). Negative affect was greater when alone and with family only than friends only (all P < .05).Conclusion:Results describing the value of outdoor and social settings could inform context-specific interventions in this age group.

scholarly journals Associations Between Parent Self-Reported and Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Time in Children: Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

10.2196/15458 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. e15458
Author(s):  
Junia N de Brito ◽  
Katie A Loth ◽  
Allan Tate ◽  
Jerica M Berge
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Background Retrospective self-report questionnaires are the most common method for assessing physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) in children when the use of objective assessment methods (eg, accelerometry) is cost prohibitive. However, self-report measures have limitations (eg, recall bias). The use of real-time, mobile ecological momentary assessment (EMA) has been proposed to address these shortcomings. The study findings will provide useful information for researchers interested in using EMA surveys for measuring PA and SB in children, particularly when reported by a parent or caregiver. Objective This study aimed to examine the associations between the parent’s EMA report of their child’s PA and SB and accelerometer-measured sedentary time (ST), light-intensity PA (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous–intensity PA (MVPA) and to examine if these associations differed by day of week, sex, and season. Methods A total of 140 parent-child dyads (mean child age 6.4 years, SD 0.8; n=66 girls; n=21 African American; n=24 American Indian; n=25 Hispanic/Latino; n=24 Hmong; n=22 Somali; and n=24 white) participated in this study. During an 8-day period, parents reported child PA and SB via multiple daily signal contingent EMA surveys, and children wore a hip-mounted accelerometer to objectively measure ST, LPA, and MVPA. Accelerometer data was matched to the time period occurring before parent EMA-report of child PA and SB. Generalized estimating equations with interaction-term analyses were performed to determine whether the relationship between parent-EMA report of child PA and SB and accelerometer-measured ST and LPA and MVPA outcomes differed by day of the week, sex and season. Results The parent’s EMA report of their child’s PA and SB was strongly associated with accelerometer-measured ST, LPA, and MVPA. The parent’s EMA report of their child’s PA was stronger during the weekend than on weekdays for accelerometer-measured ST (P≤.001) and LPA (P<.001). For the parent’s EMA report of their child’s SB, strong associations were observed with accelerometer-measured ST (P<.001), LPA (P=.005), and MVPA (P=.008). The findings related to sex-interaction terms indicated that the association between the parent-reported child’s PA via EMA and the accelerometer-measured MVPA was stronger for boys than girls (P=.02). The association between the parent’s EMA report of their child’s PA and SB and accelerometer-measured ST and PA was similar across seasons in this sample (all P values >.31). Conclusions When the use of accelerometry-based methods is not feasible and in contexts where the parent is able to spend more proximate time observing the child’s PA and SB, the parent’s EMA report might be a superior method for measuring PA and SB in young children relative to self-report, given the EMA’s strong associations with accelerometer-measured PA and ST.

Physical Activity and Variation in Momentary Behavioral Cognitions: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor A. Pickering ◽  
Jimi Huh ◽  
Stephen Intille ◽  
Yue Liao ◽  
Mary Ann Pentz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Outcome Expectancy ◽  
Efficacy Outcome ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Background:Decisions to perform moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) involve behavioral cognitive processes that may differ within individuals depending on the situation.Methods:Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) was used to examine the relationships of momentary behavioral cognitions (ie, self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, intentions) with MVPA (measured by accelerometer). A sample of 116 adults (mean age, 40.3 years; 72.4% female) provided real-time EMA responses via mobile phones across 4 days. Multilevel models were used to test whether momentary behavioral cognitions differed across contexts and were associated with subsequent MVPA. Mixed-effects location scale models were used to examine whether subject-level means and within-subjects variances in behavioral cognitions were associated with average daily MVPA.Results:Momentary behavioral cognitions differed across contexts for self-efficacy (P = .007) but not for outcome expectancy (P = .53) or intentions (P = .16). Momentary self-efficacy, intentions, and their interaction predicted MVPA within the subsequent 2 hours (Ps < .01). Average daily MVPA was positively associated with within-subjects variance in momentary self-efficacy and intentions for physical activity (Ps < .05).Conclusions:Although momentary behavioral cognitions are related to subsequent MVPA, adults with higher average MVPA have more variation in physical activity self-efficacy and intentions. Performing MVPA may depend more on how much behavioral cognitions vary across the day than whether they are generally high or low.

scholarly journals Ecological momentary assessment to explore fatigue, mood and physical activity levels in people receiving peritoneal dialysis: A study protocol

2021 ◽  
pp. 089686082199224
Author(s):  
Brett Tarca ◽  
Shilpanjali Jesudason ◽  
Richard Le Leu ◽  
Michelle Ovenden ◽  
Monique Borlace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
The Real ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Introduction: Fatigue is a frequent and debilitating symptom for people with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) receiving dialysis. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) allows real-time data capture of day-to-day and diurnal variations. EMA has been used to study haemodialysis-related fatigue but not in people receiving peritoneal dialysis who are unique in their physical, environmental and logistical characteristics. The aim of this study is to explore the real-time associations between fatigue and mood (EMA mobile application) and objective physical activity levels (accelerometry) in people with EKSD receiving peritoneal dialysis. Method: A 7-day intensive longitudinal study will be conducted. People receiving peritoneal dialysis within South Australia will be invited to participate. Five times throughout the day, participants will be prompted to answer 18 questions relating to fatigue (Visual Analogue Scale to Evaluate Fatigue Severity) and a single question for mood (Visual Analogue Mood Scale). Participants will continuously wear a GENEActiv accelerometer to capture physical activity levels during the 7-day period. At the completion of the data collection, participants will answer questions to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of using EMA. Discussion: This study will be the first to explore the real-time relationships between fatigue, mood and physical activity in people with ESKD receiving peritoneal dialysis. Understanding the fluctuations people experience and the relationships between mood and physical activity and fatigue will inform clinical management and well-being intervention development.

scholarly journals Doing exercise or sport together with one’s child is positively associated with mothers’ momentary affect in daily life, but not with higher levels of overall physical activity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Kanning ◽  
Bridgette Do ◽  
Tyler B. Mason ◽  
Britni R. Belcher ◽  
Chih-Hsiang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Light Physical Activity ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Abstract Background Physical inactivity is a widespread problem with a great need for innovative intervention concepts to overcome it. Epidemiological studies have identified working women in high-income Western countries to be at greater risk for physical inactivity. The current study included working mothers and examined within-subject associations between doing exercise/sport together with one’s child and five different affective states, and with light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA).Method: During one week, mothers (N = 192) completed up to eight ecological momentary assessment (EMA) surveys a day to assess momentary affect and certain situational circumstances (e.g., doing exercise/sport, being together with child). Physical activity was assessed objectively with waist-worn accelerometers. Results Multilevel analysis showed that doing exercise/sport together with one’s child was associated with higher positive affect and lower negative affect compared to being active alone. However, greater frequency of doing exercise/sport together with children was negatively associated with MVPA. Discussion Due to the positive effect on momentary affect, combining spending time together with one’s child and simultaneously doing exercise/sport might be a good strategy of pairing two relevant personal goals. However, this strategy was not associated with sufficient MVPA.

scholarly journals Associations Between Parent Self-Reported and Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Time in Children: Ecological Momentary Assessment Study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junia N de Brito ◽  
Katie A Loth ◽  
Allan Tate ◽  
Jerica M Berge
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

BACKGROUND Retrospective self-report questionnaires are the most common method for assessing physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) in children when the use of objective assessment methods (eg, accelerometry) is cost prohibitive. However, self-report measures have limitations (eg, recall bias). The use of real-time, mobile ecological momentary assessment (EMA) has been proposed to address these shortcomings. The study findings will provide useful information for researchers interested in using EMA surveys for measuring PA and SB in children, particularly when reported by a parent or caregiver. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the associations between the parent’s EMA report of their child’s PA and SB and accelerometer-measured sedentary time (ST), light-intensity PA (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous–intensity PA (MVPA) and to examine if these associations differed by day of week, sex, and season. METHODS A total of 140 parent-child dyads (mean child age 6.4 years, SD 0.8; n=66 girls; n=21 African American; n=24 American Indian; n=25 Hispanic/Latino; n=24 Hmong; n=22 Somali; and n=24 white) participated in this study. During an 8-day period, parents reported child PA and SB via multiple daily signal contingent EMA surveys, and children wore a hip-mounted accelerometer to objectively measure ST, LPA, and MVPA. Accelerometer data was matched to the time period occurring before parent EMA-report of child PA and SB. Generalized estimating equations with interaction-term analyses were performed to determine whether the relationship between parent-EMA report of child PA and SB and accelerometer-measured ST and LPA and MVPA outcomes differed by day of the week, sex and season. RESULTS The parent’s EMA report of their child’s PA and SB was strongly associated with accelerometer-measured ST, LPA, and MVPA. The parent’s EMA report of their child’s PA was stronger during the weekend than on weekdays for accelerometer-measured ST (<i>P</i>≤.001) and LPA (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). For the parent’s EMA report of their child’s SB, strong associations were observed with accelerometer-measured ST (<i>P</i>&lt;.001), LPA (<i>P</i>=.005), and MVPA (<i>P</i>=.008). The findings related to sex-interaction terms indicated that the association between the parent-reported child’s PA via EMA and the accelerometer-measured MVPA was stronger for boys than girls (<i>P</i>=.02). The association between the parent’s EMA report of their child’s PA and SB and accelerometer-measured ST and PA was similar across seasons in this sample (all <i>P</i> values &gt;.31). CONCLUSIONS When the use of accelerometry-based methods is not feasible and in contexts where the parent is able to spend more proximate time observing the child’s PA and SB, the parent’s EMA report might be a superior method for measuring PA and SB in young children relative to self-report, given the EMA’s strong associations with accelerometer-measured PA and ST.

Does the Company of a Dog Influence Affective Response to Exercise? Using Ecological Momentary Assessment to Study Dog-Accompanied Physical Activity

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 388-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Liao ◽  
Olga Solomon ◽  
Genevieve F. Dunton
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Affective Response ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Dog Owners ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Purpose: This study used ecological momentary assessment (EMA), a real-time self-report strategy, to examine (1) whether dog owners were more likely to be physically active when they were with their dogs and (2) whether being with a dog amplifies positive and dampens negative affective response during physical activity. Design: Electronic EMA surveys for 12 days. Setting: Free-living. Participants: Seventy-one adult dog owners. Measures: The EMA survey included 1 question about current activity, 3 questions about positive affect (Cronbach α = .837), 4 questions about negative affect (Cronbach α = .865), and 1 question about the presence of dog. Analysis: Multilevel modeling. Results: The company of a dog did not increase the likelihood of being active versus sedentary at any given EMA prompt. However, greater positive affect during physical activity was reported in the company of a dog. Negative affect did not differ between active and sedentary activity, regardless of being with a dog or not. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the utility of electronic EMA as a promising methodology to study dog-accompanied physical activity. Future studies may use EMA to collect further contextual information about dog-accompanied activity to inform the development of innovative physical activity interventions.

Abstract P278: Impaired Nighttime Sleep Negatively Effects Next-Day Physical Activity: Results From an Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher C Imes ◽  
Christopher E Kline ◽  
Dara D Mendez ◽  
Ran Sun ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Sleep Fragmentation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Introduction: Intention to engage in physical activity (PA) is an important concept in behavior change theories. However, age, body mass index (BMI), and sleep may influence one’s intention to engage in PA and intention might not predict actual activity. Purpose: This secondary analysis examined predictors of intention to engage in PA and if the factors associated with intention predicted objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in adults who were overweight or obese and enrolled in a weight loss study. Methods: We used 6- and 12-mo data from the EMPOWER Study, an observational study examining triggers of lapse following intentional weight loss. Objective measures included up to 7 days of overlapping accelerometer and actigraphy data to assess daily MVPA and sleep. Self-report data included responses to the question “Do you intend to be physically active today?” hereafter called intention, collected at the beginning of each day via ecological momentary assessment. Analyses were performed examining: 1) the effects of subject-level covariates (e.g., age, sex, race, BMI) on intention, 2) the effects of objectively measured sleep characteristics (e.g., total sleep time [TST], number of awakenings, sleep fragmentation) on intention, and 3) the relationships between sleep, intention, and MVPA. Logistic regression using generalized estimating equations and linear mixed-effect models were used. Results: The analyses included 680 person-days at 6 mo and 678 person-days at 12 mo. Participants (N=136) were mostly female (89.8%) and white (81.8%) with a mean (± SD) age of 51.5 ± 9.9 years and BMI of 33.5 ± 4.6. At 6 mo, participants intended to engage in PA on 81.2% of days, had a mean TST of 408.9 ± 81.8 min/night, and a mean of 32.4 ± 14.7 awakenings/night. At 12 mo, PA intention decreased to 80.6% of days, TST increased to 416.5 ± 82.5 min/night, and awakenings increased to 34.0 ± 14.4 per night (p = .089 for TST; p = .043 for awakenings). Mean daily MVPA decreased from 19.0 ± 23.9 min at 6 mo to 17.3 ± 23.4 min at 12 mo (p = .185). Intention increased with increasing age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.04; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.02 -1.07). At 6 mo, sleep fragmentation, after adjusting for age, negatively affected intention (OR = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.94 - 0.98); however, it did not significantly affect intention at 12 mo. When comparing days with no PA intention to days in which participants intended to engage in PA, mean MVPA nearly tripled from 7.4 min (95% CI = 3.6 - 11.2) to 21.2 min (95% CI = 18.4 - 24.0). Furthermore, when controlling for age, time of assessment, and intention, participants engaged in an estimated 0.135 (95% CI = 0.241 - 0.029) fewer min of MVPA for each awakening. Conclusions: Based on these findings, future weight loss programs should include interventions that improve sleep quality by reducing fragmentation and strengthen the link between intention and engagement in PA.

Acute Bidirectional Relations Between Affect, Physical Feeling States, and Activity-Related Behaviors Among Older Adults: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek J Hevel ◽  
Genevieve F Dunton ◽  
Jaclyn P Maher
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Feeling States ◽  
Bidirectional Relations ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Abstract Background The majority of older adults are physically inactive; therefore, strategies are needed to effectively promote sustained engagement in physical activity. Purpose This study was designed to investigate acute bidirectional relationships between affective and physical feeling states and activity-related behaviors among older adults in the context of everyday life using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA). Methods Older adults (n = 103, Mage = 72, Range: 60–98) participated in a 10-day study where they completed up to 6 smartphone-based EMA prompts/day. At each EMA prompt, participants reported their current positive and negative affect and physical feeling states. Participants wore an activPAL accelerometer to measure time spent standing and time spent stepping before and after the prompt. Separate multilevel random coefficient linear and logistic regression models examined these bidirectional relationships. Results On occasions when older adults engaged in more standing and more stepping than was typical for them in the 15 and 30 min prior to the EMA prompt, they tended to report greater feelings of energy at the prompt. On occasions when older adults reported greater feelings of energy than was typical for them, they engaged in more standing and more stepping in the 15 and 30 min following the EMA prompt. Positive and negative affect was unrelated to activity-related behaviors. Conclusions Feelings of energy appear to be strongly linked to activity-related behaviors in older adults; however, this was not the case for positive or negative affect. These findings may have implications for optimal delivery of just-in-time intervention context based on affective states or current behaviors.

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