Cohesion and Performance in Sport: A Meta Analysis

2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert V. Carron ◽  
Michelle M. Colman ◽  
Jennifer Wheeler ◽  
Diane Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Team Building ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Performance Effect ◽  
Secondary Purpose ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Group Environment ◽  
Sport Teams ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Potential Moderator

The main purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analytic summary of the cohesion-performance relationship in sport. A secondary purpose was to examine the influence of a number of potential moderator variables. Another secondary purpose was to examine the cohesion–performance relationship reported in studies using the Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ). Standard literature searches produced 46 studies containing a total of 164 effect sizes. Overall, a significant moderate to large relationship was found between cohesion and performance. A moderate effect was found in studies that used the GEQ. A larger cohesion–performance effect was found in refereed publications (vs. nonpublished sources) and for female teams. These results have implications for practitioners in terms of the importance of team building to enhance team cohesion, the nature of those team-building programs (e.g., both task- or social-oriented programs should be beneficial), and their target group (e.g., both interdependent and coactive sport teams should profit).

Are Challenge (Ropes) Courses an Effective Tool? A Meta-Analysis

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lee Gillis ◽  
Elizabeth Speelman
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Team Building ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Ropes Course ◽  
Challenge Course ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Standardized Mean Difference ◽  
Ropes Courses ◽  
Difference Effect

This study reports the results of a meta-analysis of 44 studies that examined the impacts of participation in challenge (ropes) course activities. Overall, a medium standardized mean difference effect size was found (d = 0.43). Effect sizes were calculated for various study characteristics, including demographics and outcome. Higher effects were found for adult groups (d = 0.80) and for studies measuring family functioning (d = 0.67). Studies with therapeutic (d = 0.53) or developmental foci (d = 0.47) had higher effect sizes than those with educational foci (d = 0.17). Higher effect sizes for group effectiveness (d = 0.62) affirmed the use of challenge course experiences for team-building purposes. Implications for further research include the importance of recording detailed program design information, selecting appropriate instrumentation, and including follow-up data.

HOW DO DIFFERENT FORMS OF GLOSSING CONTRIBUTE TO L2 VOCABULARY LEARNING FROM READING?

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akifumi Yanagisawa ◽  
Stuart Webb ◽  
Takumi Uchihara
Keyword(s):  
Vocabulary Learning ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Learner Characteristics ◽  
Moderator Variables ◽  
Auditory Learning ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
L2 Vocabulary ◽  
Potential Moderator

AbstractThis meta-analysis investigated the overall effects of glossing on L2 vocabulary learning from reading and the influence of potential moderator variables: gloss format (type, language, mode) and text and learner characteristics. A total of 359 effect sizes from 42 studies (N = 3802) meeting the inclusion criteria were meta-analyzed. The results indicated that glossed reading led to significantly greater learning of words (45.3% and 33.4% on immediate and delayed posttests, respectively) than nonglossed reading (26.6% and 19.8%). Multiple-choice glosses were the most effective, and in-text glosses and glossaries were the least effective gloss types. L1 glosses yielded greater learning than L2 glosses. We found no interaction between language (L1, L2) and proficiency (beginner, intermediate, advanced), and no significant difference among modes of glossing (textual, pictorial, auditory). Learning gains were moderated by test formats (recall, recognition, other), comprehension of text, and proficiency.

The Effect of Different Intervention Approaches on Gross Motor Outcomes of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Layne Case ◽  
Joonkoo Yun
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Motor Outcomes ◽  
Potential Moderator

Despite the rising interest in intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder, the extent to which interventions are effective on gross motor outcomes is currently unknown. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of different intervention approaches on gross motor outcomes among children with autism spectrum disorder using meta-analysis. A total of 18 studies met the inclusion criteria for quantitative analysis. Pre- and posttest means and SD s were extracted to calculate effect sizes. Potential moderator variables were chosen based on important intervention characteristics. The results suggest that interventions have a large effect on gross motor outcomes among children with autism spectrum disorder (δ = 0.99, SE  = 0.19, p  < .001, 95% confidence interval [0.62, 1.36]). The interventions that were 16 total hours or longer had a significantly larger effect than those less than 16 hr. In addition, the interventions in experimental settings had significantly larger effects than the interventions in practical settings. Future interventions should consider intensity, including not only the duration of the intervention but also the intensity in which specific intervention goals are targeted.

Quiet Eye and Performance in Sport: A Meta-Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 441-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Charles Lebeau ◽  
Sicong Liu ◽  
Camilo Sáenz-Moncaleano ◽  
Susana Sanduvete-Chaves ◽  
Salvador Chacón-Moscoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Quiet Eye ◽  
Performance Effects ◽  
Moderate Effect Size ◽  
Moderate Effect ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Absolute Duration

Research linking the “quiet eye” (QE) period to subsequent performance has not been systematically synthesized. In this paper we review the literature on the link between the two through nonintervention (Synthesis 1) and intervention (Synthesis 2) studies. In the first synthesis, 27 studies with 38 effect sizes resulted in a large mean effect (d = 1.04) reflecting differences between experts’ and novices’ QE periods, and a moderate effect size (d = 0.58) comparing QE periods for successful and unsuccessful performances within individuals. Studies reporting QE duration as a percentage of the total time revealed a larger mean effect size than studies reporting an absolute duration (in milliseconds). The second synthesis of 9 articles revealed very large effect sizes for both the quiet-eye period (d = 1.53) and performance (d = 0.84). QE also showed some ability to predict performance effects across studies.

scholarly journals Understanding Heterogeneity in the Performance Feedback – Organizational Responsiveness Relationship: A Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Verver ◽  
Marino van Zelst ◽  
Gerardus Johannes Maria Lucas ◽  
Marius Meeus
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Performance Feedback ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Theory Of The Firm ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Organizational Responsiveness ◽  
Aspiration Levels ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Indicator Type

Organizational performance feedback theory (PFT), which is derived from the Behavioral Theory of the Firm, has emerged as a key perspective guiding studies investigating how performance relative to aspiration levels (i.e., performance feedback) influences organizational responsiveness. While the PFT literature refers to a core prediction - performance below aspirations induces more responsiveness than performance above aspirations does - empirical evidence reveals considerable conflicting findings. In line with contested issues in the current PFT literature, we propose a series of research questions and more refined predictions, which we elated to specific dimensions of performance feedback (valence, type of aspiration level and performance indicator), type of responsiveness (search versus change), and organizational characteristics (age, form of ownership, and industry). We test these refinements with various meta-analytic approaches, based on 263 effect sizes extracted from 156 studies. Our results demonstrate that the way in which performance feedback influences organizational responsiveness is sensitive to the factors we based our predictions on, with meta-analyzed effect sizes ranging from -0.106 to 0.055. Our findings help to systematically distinguish patterns in the heterogeneity associated with the performance feedback-responsiveness relationship. These results support our contention that more refined explanations, measures, and models of organizational performance feedback are needed.

A metaBUS-enabled meta-analysis of career satisfaction

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 565-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin I.S.G. Lee ◽  
Frank A. Bosco ◽  
Piers Steel ◽  
Krista L. Uggerslev
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Career Satisfaction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Applied Psychology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Meta Analyses

Purpose In this study, the authors revisit the meta-analytic correlates of career satisfaction and demonstrate the use of metaBUS – a database repository of meta-analytic effect sizes and related information from the field of applied psychology. The purpose of this paper is to extend prior meta-analytic research on the topic of career satisfaction and compare the results from the metaBUS-enabled meta-analysis, with the results from meta-analyses that do not build on the repository. Design/methodology/approach A multilevel meta-analysis was conducted on all correlates available in the metaBUS database and the approach was described in a step-by-step fashion. Findings The demonstration reiterated some of the findings of prior meta-analyses, but also revealed considerable incongruity between the sample taken from the metaBUS database and the meta-analytic sample from studies that relied on non-metaBUS-based literature searches. Nevertheless, the results are similar in terms of the directions of the effects and the relative sizes of the effects. Research limitations/implications The paper demonstrates the use of the metaBUS database. In addition, results suggest that meta-analyses on career satisfaction might have suffered from sample selection issues, but further research is required in order to establish the source of the sample selection incongruence. Originality/value This is the first step-by-step demonstration of the use of metaBUS specifically for meta-analyses.

scholarly journals Cohesion and Performance for Female and Male Sport Teams

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Eys ◽  
M. Blair Evans ◽  
Luc J. Martin ◽  
Jeannine Ohlert ◽  
Svenja A. Wolf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Sport Teams ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Group Involvement

A previous meta-analysis examining the relationship between cohesion and performance (Carron, Colman, Wheeler, & Stevens, 2002) revealed that this relationship was significantly stronger for female teams as compared with male teams. The purpose of the current study was to explore perceptions of the cohesion-performance relationship by coaches who have led teams of both genders. Semistructured interviews were employed with Canadian and German coaches with previous experience leading both male and female sport teams. The information obtained through the interviews yielded a number of categories pertaining to potential similarities and differences within female and male sport teams including: (a) the nature of cohesion (e.g., direction of the cohesion-performance relationship), (b) antecedents of cohesion (e.g., approaches to conflict), and (c) the management of cohesion (e.g., developing social cohesion). Overall, the results offer testable propositions regarding gender differences and group involvement in a sport context as well as informing best practices such that teams can attain optimal performance.

scholarly journals Malicious Mind Readers? A Meta-Analysis on Machiavellianism and Cognitive and Affective Empathy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Blötner ◽  
Ricarda Steinmayr ◽  
Sebastian Bergold
Keyword(s):  
Personality Trait ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Empathy ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Affective Empathy ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Empathic Ability ◽  
And Performance ◽  
General Studies

This meta-analysis investigated how the antagonistic personality trait Machiavellianism (Mach) relates to cognitive and affective empathy. Due to the role of manipulation in Mach, previous research argued that Mach should go along with higher empathic ability but found negative effects very consistently. Thus, some scholars argued that individuals with high scores in Mach had empathic deficits. The current meta-analysis (70 studies, 76 samples, and 232 effect sizes) challenged both perspectives by investigating bivariate and multivariate relations between Mach, self-reported cognitive empathy, cognitive empathic skills, and affective empathy. Further, we tested if gender distributions, student samples, and different utilized Mach scales accounted for differences across studies (i.e., moderated those). Bivariate analyses revealed inverse correlations of Mach with all facets of empathy (ρs from -.10 to -.36). The relations with self-reported and performance-based cognitive empathy almost dissolved when controlling for affective empathy. Neither of the proposed moderators significantly explained differences across studies. In general, studies with a high percentage of men and those comprising non-students revealed more diverse correlations than studies with a large proportion of women and studies that exclusively recruited students. The results suggest low affective empathy in Mach but contradict both the empathic deficits- and the “skilled mind reader”-perspectives.

scholarly journals The Validity of Situation Awareness for Performance: A Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Z Bakdash ◽  
Laura Ranee Marusich ◽  
Katherine Cox ◽  
Michael Geuss ◽  
Erin Zaroukian
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Performance Effect ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
And Training ◽  
Cognitive Construct

SA is a widely used cognitive construct in human factors, summarized as “knowing what is going on.” Generally, SA is theoretically posited to be a critical causal factor and/or construct for performance. However, some researchers have raised concerns that SA may be circular and also that SA may lack the appropriate psychological mechanisms relevant to performance. We address these conflicting perspectives using meta-analysis to evaluate the specific and general patterns of associations among SA-performance effect sizes. Specifically, we focus on the validity of SA for performance—the degree to which SA represents or captures the relevant psychological processes and mechanisms related to task performance. From the empirical literature, we coded associations of eight unique measures of SA with (task) performance: 492 effects from 38 papers met the systematic review inclusion criteria. In contrast to SA’s broadly theorized fundamental link with performance, the magnitude of most meta-analytic mean effect sizes for SA measures was limited to medium or lower effects. Although there was a significant overall mean effect, its magnitude was also limited (r = 0.24). In addition, there was high unexplained systematic variation with an enormous plausible range for individual effects (r = -0.20 to 0.60). The meta-analytic results are inconsistent with theories postulating SA is fundamental to performance. Instead, SA’s validity for performance tends to be, on average, weak with large variations among effects. Therefore, theories may need to be revised. Furthermore, even presuming SA is causally linked to performance as generally theorized, improvements in SA (such as SA-based design and training) may not correspond to meaningful increases in task performance.

scholarly journals Explaining the servitization paradox: a configurational theory and a performance measurement framework

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saara A. Brax ◽  
Armando Calabrese ◽  
Nathan Levialdi Ghiron ◽  
Luigi Tiburzi ◽  
Christian Grönroos
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Transformation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Inductive Reasoning ◽  
Performance Impact ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Performance Effect ◽  
Measurement Framework ◽  
Configurational Theory ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Comprehensive Measurement

PurposePrevious research reports mixed results regarding the performance impact of servitization in manufacturing firms. To resolve this, the purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptually consistent and comprehensive measurement framework for both dimensions, servitization and its performance effect, and apply in a configurational analysis to reexamine previous evidence, arriving at a configurational theory of the relationship between servitization and firm performance.Design/methodology/approachCombining systematic literature review (SLR) and inductive reasoning, the existing indicators for servitization and performance are identified and clustered into groups that adequately represent both dimensions. The dataset is reanalyzed against the resulting framework to identify the configurational patterns and to formulate the theoretical propositions.FindingsFinancial and nonfinancial indicators of servitization and its performance impact are organized into a comprehensive measurement framework grounded on existing research. The subsequent meta-analysis shows that the positive or negative impacts of servitization on performance depend on how firms implement servitization strategies and which performance aspects are examined.Research limitations/implicationsThe results explain when servitization can be successful and confirm the existence of the so-called servitization paradox. The meta-analysis identified patterns that explain the previous mixed results, shaping a configurational theory of servitization. Thus, the measurement framework is conceptually robust and has sufficient detail to capture servitization and its performance outcome as it feasibly distinguished between different organizational configurations.Originality/valueThe framework provides a comprehensive portfolio of indicators for both managers and scholars to measure servitization intensity and performance. This supports managers of servitizing firms in leading this organizational transformation while avoiding its organizational and financial paradoxes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document