Figure-8 Strap Application: Immediate Alteration of Pectoralis Minor Length and Scapular Alignment During Arm-Lifting Exercise in Participants With Forward Shoulder Posture

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Hee Ko ◽  
Heon-Seock Cynn ◽  
Ji-Hyun Lee ◽  
Tae-Lim Yoon ◽  
Sil-Ah Choi
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Serratus Anterior ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Pectoralis Minor ◽  
Forward Shoulder Posture ◽  
Lower Trapezius

Context:Scapular bracing can correct scapular kinematics and restore normal scapular-muscle activity. However, there is little evidence to support the beneficial effects of a figure-8 strap, a type of scapular bracing, on muscle length, scapular alignment, and muscle activity during arm-lifting exercise.Objective:To investigate the immediate effect of a figure-8 strap on pectoralis minor length, scapular alignment, and scapular upward-rotator-muscle activity.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:Research laboratory.Participants:Fifteen male participants (age 22.1 ± 1.9 y, weight 68.2 ± 5.7 kg, height 176.2 ± 3.3 cm) with forward shoulder posture (FSP) were examined for pectoralis minor length and scapular alignment with and without the application of a figure-8 strap.Main Outcome Measures:Pectoralis minor length was measured using the Pectoralis Minor Index (PMI), scapular alignment was measured with FSP, and upper trapezius, lower trapezius, and serratus anterior muscle activity were measured using surface electromyography while participants performed an arm-lifting exercise. Data collected with and without applying a figure-8 strap were compared using a paired t-test.Results:Applying a figure-8 strap significantly decreased the PMI (P = .005) and scapular anterior tilting (P = .000). There were no differences in the muscle activity of the upper trapezius (P = .784), lower trapezius (P = .241), and serratus anterior muscles (P = .639).Conclusions:A figure-8 strap resulted in positive changes in pectoralis minor length and scapular alignment. The results support its use as a treatment aid in managing pectoralis minor length and scapular alignment during arm-lifting exercises.

Comparison of Shoulder Protraction Strength and Electromyography Activity of Serratus Anterior and Pectoralis Major in Subjects With or Without a Winged Scapula

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Seok Kim ◽  
Moon-Hwan Kim ◽  
Duk-Hyun Ahn ◽  
Jae-Seop Oh
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Serratus Anterior ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Winged Scapula ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Shoulder Muscles ◽  
Strengthening Exercises ◽  
Anterior Deltoid

Context:A winged scapula (WS) is associated with faulty posture caused by weakness of the serratus anterior (SA), which mainly acts as a scapular stabilizer muscle. It is important to accurately assess and train the SA muscle with a focus on scapula stabilizers during musculoskeletal rehabilitation of individuals with a WS.Objective:The authors examined muscle activity in the SA and pectoralis major (PM), upper trapezius (UT), and anterior deltoid (AD) as well as shoulder protraction strength during isometric shoulder protraction in individuals with and without a WS.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:A clinical biomechanics laboratory.Participants:In total, 27 males with no shoulder, neck, or upper-extremity pain participated.Main Outcome Measures:Isometric shoulder protraction strength was collected and surface electromyography used to measure the activity of the SA, PM, UT, and AD muscles and selective SA activity ratio to other shoulder muscles.Results:Electromyography activity of the SA muscle and shoulder protraction strength were significantly lower in individuals with a WS compared with the non-WS group (P < .05). In contrast, PM muscle activity and the PM-to-SA, UT-to-SA, and AD-to-SA ratios were significantly greater in individuals with a WS than in individuals without winging (P < .05).Conclusions:Isometric shoulder protraction for measuring SA strength in individuals with a WS should focus on isolated muscle activity of the SA, and SA strengthening exercises are important for individuals with a WS.

Prevalence of Upper Cross Syndrome in Different Occupations

2021 ◽  
pp. 04-08
Author(s):  
Rizmi Naseer ◽  
Sana Tauqeer
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Neck Disability Index ◽  
Trapezius Muscle ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Serratus Anterior ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Lower Trapezius

Upper crossed syndrome is caused by weak lower and middle trapezius, tight upper trapezius and levator scapulae, weak deep-neck flexors, tight sub occipital muscles and sternocleidomastoid, weak serratus anterior, and tight pectoralis major and minor Objective: To find prevalence of upper cross syndrome in different occupations Methodology: In this cross sectional study data was collected from department of physical therapy Hamza Medical Centre, Islamabad. Study was conducted in 6 months (June 2019 to December 2019).Sample size was 37 that was collected through Epitool calculator. Participants were made aware of the study Pectoralis major contracture test was performed to check the pectoral muscles tightness. After that, trapezius weakness test was performed. In this test weakness of middle and lower trapezius muscle was assessed Verbal consent form was taken. Data collection tools were Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) and Neck disability index (Pain).Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Results: Total 37 participants were recruited for this The mean age for the participants was 32.11+ 5.606.There were 54.5% male participants and 45.95 female participants.%. Prevalence of upper cross syndrome in desk workers was (12)32.43%.Pravalence of Upper Cross syndrome in Drivers was (9)924.325.Pravalence of upper cross syndrome in House wives was (10)27.035.Pravalence of Upper cross syndrome in teachers was (6)16.22%. Conclusion: This research concluded that there is prevalence of upper cross syndrome in different occupations. This study also concluded that rest and medicine are reliving factors for upper cross syndrome participants

scholarly journals Volitional Preemptive Abdominal Contraction and Upper Extremity Muscle Latencies During D1 Flexion and Scaption Shoulder Exercises

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1181-1189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramonica Scott ◽  
Hyung Suk Yang ◽  
C. Roger James ◽  
Steven F. Sawyer ◽  
Phillip S. Sizer
Keyword(s):  
Serratus Anterior ◽  
Movement Initiation ◽  
Open Chain ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Shoulder Muscle ◽  
Onset Timing ◽  
Asymptomatic Volunteers ◽  
Anterior Deltoid ◽  
Lower Trapezius

Context The abdominal-bracing maneuver, a volitional preemptive abdominal contraction (VPAC) strategy, is commonly used during resisted shoulder exercises. How VPAC affects shoulder-muscle function during resisted shoulder exercise is unknown. Objective To identify the effects of VPAC on selected parascapular and glenohumeral muscles during specific shoulder exercises with or without resistance. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Clinical biomechanics research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants Twenty-two asymptomatic volunteers between 18 and 40 years of age. Intervention(s) Participants performed arm elevation in scaption and D1 shoulder-flexion (D1F) patterns with and without resistance and VPAC. Main Outcome Measure(s) Electromyography was used to test the muscle-contraction amplitudes and onset timing of the anterior deltoid, posterior deltoid, upper trapezius, lower trapezius, and serratus anterior. Muscle-response amplitudes were quantified using root mean square electromyography. Shoulder-muscle relative-onset timing was quantified in reference to kinematic elbow-movement initiation. Results The VPAC increased serratus anterior amplitude during D1F (P &lt; .001) and scaption (P &lt; .001) and upper trapezius amplitude (P &lt; .001) in scaption. All muscle amplitudes increased with resistance. The VPAC decreased muscle-onset latencies for the anterior deltoid (P &lt; .001), posterior deltoid (P = .008), upper trapezius (P = .001), lower trapezius (P = .006), and serratus anterior (P = .001) during D1F. In addition, the VPAC decreased muscle-onset latencies for the anterior deltoid (P &lt; .001), posterior deltoid (P = .007), upper trapezius (P &lt; .001), lower trapezius (P &lt; .001), and serratus anterior (P &lt; .001) during scaption. Conclusions The VPAC affected only the parascapular muscles that had the greatest scapular-stabilizing roles during the specific open chain movement we tested. It decreased latencies in all muscles. These neuromuscular changes may enhance the stability of the shoulder during D1F and scaption exercises.

scholarly journals Scapular Muscle Tests in Subjects With Shoulder Pain and Functional Loss: Reliability and Construct Validity

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (11) ◽  
pp. 1128-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori A Michener ◽  
N Douglas Boardman ◽  
Peter E Pidcoe ◽  
Angela M Frith
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Trapezius Muscle ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Serratus Anterior ◽  
Functional Loss ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Lower Trapezius ◽  
Isometric Muscle

Abstract Background and Purpose. Scapular muscle performance evaluated with a handheld dynamometer (HHD) has been investigated only in people without shoulder dysfunction for test-retest reliability of data obtained with a single scapular muscle test. The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability, error, and validity of data obtained with an HHD for 4 scapular muscle tests in subjects with shoulder pain and functional loss. Subjects and Methods. Subjects (N=40) with shoulder pain and functional loss were tested bymeasuring the kilograms applied with an HHD during 3 trials for muscle tests for the lower trapezius, upper trapezius, middle trapezius, and serratus anterior muscles. Concurrently, surface electromyography (sEMG) data were collected for the 4 muscles. The same procedures were performed 24 to 72 hours after the initial testing by the same tester. Muscle tests were performed 3 times, and the results were averaged for data analysis. Results. Intraclass correlation coefficients for intratester reliability of measurements of isometricforce obtained using an HHD ranged from .89 to .96. The standard error of the measure (90% confidenceinterval [CI]) ranged from 1.3 to 2.7 kg; the minimal detectable change (90% CI) ranged from 1.8 to 3.6 kg. Construct validity assessment, done by comparing the amounts of isometric muscle activity (sEMG) for each muscle across the 4 muscle tests, revealed that the muscle activity of the upper trapezius and lower trapezius muscles washighest during their respective tests. Conversely, the isometric muscle activity of the middle trapezius and serratus anterior muscles was not highest during their respective tests. Discussion and Conclusion. In people with shoulder pain and functional loss, the intrarater reliability and error over 1 to 3 days were established using an HHD for measurement of isometric force for the assessment of scapular muscle performance. Error values can be used to make decisions regarding individual patients. Construct validity was established for the lower and upper trapezius muscle tests; therefore, these tests are advocated for use. However, construct validity was not demonstrated for the serratus anterior and middle trapezius muscle tests as performed in this study. Further investigation of these muscle tests is warranted.

Cross-sectional study of upper trapezius muscle activity and self-reported neck/shoulder pain

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan B. Fethke ◽  
Fred Gerr ◽  
Daniel C. Anton ◽  
Joseph E. Cavanaugh ◽  
Thomas M. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Trapezius Muscle ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Upper Trapezius Muscle

scholarly journals Differences in scapular upward rotation, pectoralis minor and levator scapulae muscle length between the symptomatic, the contralateral asymptomatic shoulder and control subjects: a cross-sectional study in a Spanish primary care setting

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e023020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Navarro-Ledesma ◽  
Manuel Fernandez-Sanchez ◽  
Filip Struyf ◽  
Javier Martinez-Calderon ◽  
Jose Miguel Morales-Asencio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pectoralis Minor ◽  
Levator Scapulae ◽  
Shoulder Elevation ◽  
Levator Scapulae Muscle

ObjectiveTo determine the potential differences in both scapular positioning and scapular movement between the symptomatic and asymptomatic contralateral shoulder, in patients with unilateral subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS), and when compared with participants free of shoulder pain.SettingThree different primary care centres.ParticipantsA sample of 73 patients with SAPS in their dominant arm was recruited, with a final sample size of 54 participants.Primary outcome measuresThe scapular upward rotation (SUR), the pectoralis minor and the levator scapulae muscles length tests were carried out.ResultsWhen symptomatic shoulders and controls were compared, an increased SUR at all positions (45°, 90° and 135°) was obtained in symptomatic shoulders (2/3,98/8,96°, respectively). These differences in SUR surpassed the minimal detectable change (MDC95) (0,91/1,55/2,83° at 45/90/135° of shoulder elevation). No differences were found in SUR between symptomatic and contralateral shoulders. No differences were found in either pectoralis minor or levator scapulae muscle length in all groups.ConclusionsSUR was greater in patients with chronic SAPS compared with controls at different angles of shoulder elevation.

scholarly journals Comparison of Activity in Scapular Stabilizing Muscles during Knee Push-Up Plus and Modified Vojta’s 3-Point Support Exercises

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1636
Author(s):  
Hyoungwon Lim
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Surface Emg ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Shoulder Injury ◽  
Serratus Anterior ◽  
Point Support ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Lower Trapezius ◽  
Push Up

Selective serratus anterior (SA) strengthening without compensatory movement of the shoulder stabilizers is essential for shoulder stability and functional movement without causing shoulder injury and dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to compare electromyographic (EMG) activity between the SA, upper trapezius (UT), lower trapezius (LT), and pectoralis major (PM) during the knee push-up plus (KPUP) and modified Vojta’s 3-point support (MV3PS) exercises. Scapular stabilizer muscle activity (UT, LT, SA, and PM) was investigated during the KPUP and MV3PS exercises in 40 healthy adults (19 males, 21 females) using surface EMG. Muscle activity of the SA was significantly higher during the MV3PS exercise than during the KPUP (p < 0.05). However, muscle activity in the PM was significantly lower during the MV3PS exercise (p < 0.05). In addition, the LT and UT showed less muscle activity during the MV3PS exercise, although the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). These findings suggest that the MV3PS exercise better activates the SA than KPUP.

Cross-sectional Study of Upper Trapezius Muscle Activity and Self-Reported Neck/Shoulder Pain

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (15) ◽  
pp. 962-966
Author(s):  
Nathan B. Fethke ◽  
Fred Gerr ◽  
Daniel C. Anton ◽  
Joseph E. Cavanaugh ◽  
Thomas M. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Trapezius Muscle ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Root Mean Square Amplitude ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Upper Trapezius Muscle ◽  
Summary Measures

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to compare the observed associations between upper trapezius muscle activity, as estimated with several summary measures obtained from surface electromyography (EMG), and self-reported neck/shoulder pain among a sample of 231 manufacturing workers. EMG methods used in this study included mean root-mean-square amplitude, the amplitude probability distribution function (APDF), EMG gaps analysis, and clustered exposure variation analysis. The observed seven-day prevalence of neck/shoulder pain was 13.9%. Of the EMG summary measures, only the 90 th percentile of the APDF was significantly associated with symptoms, with crude and adjusted odds ratios of 2.57 (1.02–6.49) and 2.78 (1.07–7.21) per natural log unit, respectively. This study was largely inconclusive due to the similarity in the distributions of the summary measures between symptomatic and non-symptomatic participants, and explicit measures of posture and repetition may produce stronger associations with symptoms.

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