Validity of Fat-Free Weight Equations for Estimating Mean and Peak Power in High School Wrestlers

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Zuniga ◽  
Terry J. Housh ◽  
Michelle Mielke ◽  
Clayton L. Camic ◽  
C. Russell Hendrix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Total Error ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Free Weight ◽  
Male High School ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Current Sample

The purpose of this study was to cross-validate the fat-free weight (FFW) equations derived on nonathletic children and adolescents for estimating mean power (MP) and peak power (PP) in high school wrestlers. One hundred and three male high school wrestlers performed the Wingate Anaerobic Test to estimate MP and PP, as well as underwater weighing to determine FFW. The follow equations were used to estimate the MP and PP of the wrestlers in the current study.MP (W) = 9.3 (FFW) − 109.8 EQ.1PP (W) = 14.1 (FFW) − 162.1 EQ.2The results in the current study indicated that as percent of the mean values, the equation that predicted MP resulted in a substantially greater total error (TE; 19.9% of the mean) than the equation that predicted PP (8.3% of the mean). These findings indicated that the equation that was derived on nonathletes did not accurately estimate MP in the high school wrestlers. The equation for estimating PP, however, was valid when applied to the current sample of high school wrestlers. These findings supported previous studies that have shown that in adolescent males, exercise training improves the metabolic capabilities of the anaerobic glycolytic system, but not the phosphagen system.

Muscular Power of the Arms in High School Wrestlers

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
Sharon A. Evans ◽  
Joan M. Eckerson ◽  
Terry J. Housh ◽  
Glen O. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Muscular Power ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽  
Free Weight ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Anaerobic Test

This investigation examined age related differences in the muscular power of the arms in high school wrestlers. Seventy-five volunteers (M age ±SD = 16.3 ±1.2 yrs) were stratified into four age groups (≤15.00; 15.01−16.00; 16.01−17.00, and ≥17.01 yrs) corresponding approximately to the freshman through senior years of high school. Mean power (MP) and peak power (PP) were measured using an arm crank Wingate Anaerobic Test, and body composition was assessed via underwater weighing. The results indicated significant (p<0.05) group differences for absolute MP and PP as well as for relative MP and PP (covaried for body weight). No significant differences were found when MP and PP were adjusted for fat-free weight (FFW). The results suggested that the age related increases in muscular power of the arms were a function of increases in FFW across age.

scholarly journals Comparison between the 10- and the 30-s-long Wingate Anaerobic Test in summer Paralympic athletes with a lower limb impairment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Cavedon ◽  
A. Rosponi ◽  
F. Alviti ◽  
M. De Angelis ◽  
E. Guerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Functional Class ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽  
Locomotor Impairment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level ◽  
Anaerobic Test

Abstract Background The 30-s-long Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT_30s) has some limitations in high-level athletes. A shorter version might be helpful for both clinical applications and performance assessment. The comparison between the traditional WAnT_30s and a shorter version has never been carried out yet in Paralympic athletes. Aim To assess if a 10-s-long Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT_10s) could be used to accurately assess and predict the anaerobic components of physical fitness as an alternative to the traditional WAnT_30s in male Paralympic athletes. Methods Forty-four trained male Paralympic Athletes grouped by severity of locomotor impairment completed the WAnT_30s and the WAnT_10s with an arm cranking ergometer. Differences between mean and peak power achieved throughout both WAnTs were analysed using a mixed-design analysis of variance and predictivity was assessed by stepwise linear regression analysis. Results In the whole sample, peak power values were similar (P > 0.005) in the two tests and the WAnT_10s mean power was significantly higher than that in the WAnT_30s (P < 0.005). Finally, the mean power measured during WAnT_30s showed high level of predictability from mean power measured during WAnT_10s and the Functional class (adjusted R2 = 0.906; P < 0.001). Conclusion The WAnT_10s is accurate to assess peak power, is definitively appropriate to evaluate the alactic anaerobic metabolism and seems able to predict the mean power as traditionally evaluated through a WAnT_30s in male Paralympic Athletes. Thus, it can be used to assess the anaerobic components of physical fitness in this athletic population.

Transduction of mechanical energy into sound energy in the cicada cyclochila australasiae

1999 ◽  
Vol 202 (13) ◽  
pp. 1803-1817 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.C. Bennet-Clark ◽  
A.G. Daws
Keyword(s):  
Energy Release ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Sound Field ◽  
Calling Song ◽  
Power Ratio ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Sound Energy ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

The anatomy of the paired tymbal muscles of Cyclochila australasiae was described. Force-distance relationships of the sound-producing in-out cycle of tymbal movement were measured. The largest forces were measured when the push occurred at the apodeme pit on the tymbal plate at angles similar to the angles of internal pull of the tymbal muscle. Initially, inward movement was opposed by the elasticity of the tymbal, which stored energy. At a mean force of 0. 38 N after a mean inward strain of 368 microm, the tymbal ribs buckled, the mean energy release being 45.1 microJ. The energy release occurred over 2–10 ms in three or four sound-producing steps as successive tymbal ribs buckled inwards. After the ribs had buckled, the force decreased to a mean value of 0.17 N. The force returned to zero during the outward movement, during which the tymbal ribs buckled outwards. The mean energy dissipated in the outward movement was 32.8 microJ. During contraction, the tymbal muscle produced mean values for the peak active force of 0.31 N over 295 microm, which gave mean values for the area of the work loops of 47.0 microJ. The calling song of C. australasiae had a mean pulse rate of 234 Hz (117 Hz for each side of the insect). The peak power to mean power ratio for the songs was 8.51:1 (+9.30 dB). Measurements of the sound field around tethered insects and of the peak power to mean power ratio of the songs gave values for the mean power of the song of 3.15-7 mW; these correspond to an energy per song pulse of 13.5-30 microJ. Previously reported mean values are 3. 15 mW for protest song and 5.1 mW for calling song. The efficiency of transduction of mechanical energy into sound energy is between 18 and 46 %.

Carbohydrate Drink Use During 30 Minutes of Variable-Intensity Exercise Has No Effect on Exercise Performance in Premenarchal Girls

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
C. Eric Heidorn ◽  
Brandon J. Dykstra ◽  
Cori A. Conner ◽  
Anthony D. Mahon
Keyword(s):  
Peak Power ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Fatigue Index ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Variable Intensity ◽  
Performance Effects ◽  
Power Peak ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance

Purpose: This study examined the physiological, perceptual, and performance effects of a 6% carbohydrate (CHO) drink during variable-intensity exercise (VIE) and a postexercise test in premenarchal girls. Methods: A total of 10 girls (10.4 [0.7] y) participated in the study. VO2peak was assessed, and the girls were familiarized with VIE and performance during the first visit. The trial order (CHO and placebo) was randomly assigned for subsequent visits. The drinks were given before VIE bouts and 1-minute performance (9 mL/kg total). Two 15-minute bouts of VIE were completed (10 repeated sequences of 20%, 55%, and 95% power at VO2peak and maximal sprints) before a 1-minute performance sprint. Results: The mean power, peak power, heart rate (HR), %HRpeak, and rating of perceived exertion during VIE did not differ between trials. However, the peak power decreased, and the rating of perceived exertion increased from the first to the second bout. During the 1-minute performance, there were no differences between the trial (CHO vs placebo) for HR (190 [9] vs 189 [9] bpm), %HRpeak (97.0% [3.2%] vs 96.6% [3.0%]), rating of perceived exertion (7.8 [2.3] vs 8.1 [1.9]), peak power (238 [70] vs 235 [60] W), fatigue index (54.7% [10.0%] vs 55.9% [12.8%]), or total work (9.4 [2.6] vs 9.4 [2.1] kJ). Conclusion: CHO supplementation did not alter physiological, perceptual, or performance responses during 30 minutes of VIE or postexercise sprint performance in premenarchal girls.

scholarly journals Relationship between Nutrition Knowledge and Physical Fitness in Semiprofessional Soccer Players

Scientifica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. T. Nikolaidis ◽  
E. Theodoropoulou
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Nutrition Knowledge ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽  
Knowledge Questionnaire

Whereas nutrition has a crucial role on sport performance, it is not clear to what extent nutrition knowledge is associated with physical fitness. The aim of this study was to examine the current level of nutrition knowledge of soccer players and whether this level is associated with physical fitness. Soccer players (n=185, aged21.3±4.9 yr, weight72.3±8.4 kg, and height177.5±6.4 cm) performed a battery of physical fitness tests (sit-and-reach test, SAR; physical working capacity in heart rate 170, PWC170; and Wingate anaerobic test, WAnT) and completed an 11-item nutrition knowledge questionnaire (NKQ). Low to moderate Pearson correlations (0.15<r<0.34,p<0.05) of NKQ with age, weight, height, fat free mass (FFM), SAR, peak power, and mean power of WAnT were observed. Soccer players with high score in NKQ were older (4.4 yr (2.2; 6.6), mean difference (95% confidence intervals)) and heavier (4.5 kg (0.6; 8.3)) with higher FFM (4.0 kg (1.1; 6.8)) and peak power (59 W (2; 116)) than their counterparts with low score. The moderate score in the NKQ suggests that soccer players should be targeted for nutrition education. Although the association between NKQ and physical fitness was low to moderate, there were indications that better nutrition knowledge might result in higher physical fitness and, consequently, soccer performance.

scholarly journals A new physical performance classification system for elite handball players: cluster analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iker J. Bautista ◽  
Ignacio J. Chirosa ◽  
Joseph E. Robinson ◽  
Roland van der Tillaar ◽  
Luis J. Chirosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
National Level ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Power Load ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The aim of the present study was to identify different cluster groups of handball players according to their physical performance level assessed in a series of physical assessments, which could then be used to design a training program based on individual strengths and weaknesses, and to determine which of these variables best identified elite performance in a group of under-19 [U19] national level handball players. Players of the U19 National Handball team (n=16) performed a set of tests to determine: 10 m (ST10) and 20 m (ST20) sprint time, ball release velocity (BRv), countermovement jump (CMJ) height and squat jump (SJ) height. All players also performed an incremental-load bench press test to determine the 1 repetition maximum (1RMest), the load corresponding to maximum mean power (LoadMP), the mean propulsive phase power at LoadMP (PMPPMP) and the peak power at LoadMP (PPEAKMP). Cluster analyses of the test results generated four groupings of players. The variables best able to discriminate physical performance were BRv, ST20, 1RMest, PPEAKMP and PMPPMP. These variables could help coaches identify talent or monitor the physical performance of athletes in their team. Each cluster of players has a particular weakness related to physical performance and therefore, the cluster results can be applied to a specific training programmed based on individual needs.

Preexercise Carbohydrate Consumption and Repeated Anaerobic Performance in Pre- and Early-Pubertal Boys

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea D. Marjerrison ◽  
Jonah D. Lee ◽  
Anthony D. Mahon
Keyword(s):  
Peak Power ◽  
Anaerobic Performance ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Carbohydrate Consumption ◽  
Pubertal Boys ◽  
Anaerobic Test ◽  
Placebo Drink ◽  
Over Time

This study examined the effect of pre exercise carbohydrate (CHO) feeding on performance on a Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT) in 11 boys (10.2 ± 1.3 y old). Four WAnTs with 2 min recovery were performed 30 min after consuming a CHO (1 g CHO/kg) or placebo drink. Peak power (PP) and mean power (MP) were similar between trials. PP ranged from 241.1 ± 82.2 to 223.1 ± 57.9 W with carbohydrate and from 238.2 ± 76.1 to 223.4 ± 52.3 W with placebo. MP ranged from 176.3 ± 58.4 to 151.1 ± 37.5 W with carbohydrate versus 178.0 ± 45.8 to 159.1 ± 32.7 W with placebo. Pre exercise glucose was significantly higher in CHO versus placebo (7.0 ± 1.0 vs. 5.5 ± 0.5 mmol/L), but post exercise values were not different. Blood lactate was similar between trials but increased over time. This study found that the ingestion of a CHO solution before exercise did not influence power output during repeated performances of the WAnT.

scholarly journals The Effect of Training in the Preparatory and Competitive Periods on Trunk Rotational Power in Canoeists, Ice-Hockey Players, and Tennis Players

Sports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Poór ◽  
Erika Zemková
Keyword(s):  
Peak Power ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Acceleration Phase ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Preparatory Period ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rotational Power

This study evaluates changes in trunk rotational power at different weights and velocities after the preparatory and competitive periods in ice-hockey players, tennis players, and canoeists. The subjects performed trunk rotations to each side with a barbell of different weights placed on the shoulders (6, 10, 12, 16, 20, 22, and 26 kg) prior to and after 6 weeks of the preparatory period and 6 weeks of the competitive period. The results showed that mean power produced in the acceleration phase of trunk rotations increased significantly at weights from 10 to 26 kg or 6 to 26 kg after the preparatory and competitive periods in tennis players. The values obtained during trunk rotations with weights ≥12 kg also increased significantly after the preparatory period in ice-hockey players, whereas there were no significant changes after the competitive period. Similarly, the mean power during trunk rotations with weights ≥10 kg increased significantly only after the preparatory period in canoeists. Similar changes were observed for the peak power. These findings demonstrate that changes in trunk rotational power reflect the specificity of their training programs. This information may provide a basis for designing exercises focused on improvements of power produced during trunk rotations under loading conditions.

Optimal load setting provides higher peak power and fatigue index with a similar mean power during 30-s Wingate anaerobic test in physically active men

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
João Gabriel Silveira-Rodrigues ◽  
André Maia-Lima ◽  
Pedro Augusto Santos Almeida ◽  
Bárbara Marielle Silva França ◽  
Bruno Teobaldo Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peak Power ◽  
Fatigue Index ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Optimal Load ◽  
Anaerobic Test

The Validity of High School Wrestlers’ Estimations of Minimal Wrestling Weight

1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dona J. Hough ◽  
Terry J. Housh ◽  
Glen O. Johnson ◽  
Rommie J. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Total Error ◽  
The State ◽  
Free Weight

The purpose of this investigation was twofold: (a) to determine the validity of high school wrestlers’ estimations of minimal wrestling weight (MWW) and (b) to compare their certified wrestling weight with the recommended MWW values based on underwater weighing (fat-free weight plus 5% fat). Sixty wrestlers (M age±SD) = 16.54±1.07 yrs) volunteered to be assessed via underwater weighing and were asked to estimate, within 1 lb, their MWW. The certified wrestling weight for each subject was also obtained from the state activities association. The results indicated that the total error for the wrestlers’ estimations of MWW ranged from 3.25 to 3.69 kg, and in 32 to 43% of the cases the certified wrestling weight was below (M = 2.29−2.84 kg) the recommended MWW from underwater weighing.

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