AYUSHMAN BHARAT - PMJAY

A pre-experimental study to assess effectiveness of folk media on the knowledge and perception regarding Ayushman Bharat-PMJAY among selected population of U.P. was conducted with the objective to assess the effectiveness of folk media on the knowledge and perception regarding Ayushman Bharat-PMJAY among selected population of U.P. Pre experimental research design was adopted and non-probability convenient sampling technique was used to select the sample. A structured questionnaire of 25 questions and perception likert scale of 10 items was prepared to assess the knowledge and perception of population regarding Ayushman Bharat-PMJAY. A structured knowledge questionnaire and structured perception scale on Ayushman Bharat -PMJAY (pre-test) was administered to the group, followed by administration of folk media on the Day-1. Then on Day-7, post-test was conducted. Data obtained were analyzed and interpreted by using both descriptive and inferential statistics in terms of frequency, percentages, mean, and S.D. score. Findings showed that: majority of population i.e. 47 (78.33%) were having good knowledge whereas 12 of these samples (20%) were having excellent knowledge and 1 of these samples were having poor knowledge. It was evident from the results that the mean post-test knowledge and practice score were more than mean pre-test scores. Findings showed that folk media was effective to gain knowledge and favorable perception regarding Ayushman Bharat -PMJAY. majority of samples i.e. 48 (40%) were having favorable perception and only 12(60%) samples were having neutral perception. The calculated Z value (2.10) for knowledge and the calculated Z value (4.06) for perception is greater than the tabulated Z value (1.645) at 0.05 level of significance at (df =59) which concluded that the Folk Media was effective in improving the knowledge and perception towards Ayushman Bharat -PMJAY among selected population of U.P.Chi square test was done showed that there was significant association between the mean post-test knowledge score with selected demographic variables. It was also showed that there was a significant association between the mean post-test perception score with selected demographic variables. The Karl Pearson coefficient of correlation was computed (r = 0.19) which indicate no relationship between the knowledge post-test scores and perception post-test scores regarding Ayushman Bharat-PMJAY among selected population of U.P.

Effectiveness of School-Based Teaching Program on Knowledge Regarding Recognition and Management of Adolescent's Suicidal Behavior Among School Teachers in Selected Schools, Sikkim

Objective Suicide is a global public health concern. It is the second leading cause of death among 15 to 29 years old. Suicide ideation often emerges in adolescence and is prevalent among this age group. With the help of leaders, teachers as mentors can play an effective role in the prevention of suicide among children and young adults. The present study was performed to assess the effectiveness of school-based teaching programs on knowledge regarding the recognition and management of adolescent's suicidal behavior among school teachers. Materials and Methods A quantitative research approach with a pre-experimental (one group pre-test and post-test) research design was adopted. The study was conducted at Government schools of East Sikkim among 80 secondary school teachers. The samples were assigned through the purposive sampling technique. A pre-designed knowledge questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge of schoolteachers. A pre-test was conducted during the first week of data collection, which was followed by a school-based teaching program regarding recognition and management of adolescents' suicidal behavior on the second week. A post-test was conducted during the fourth week using the same pre-designed knowledge questionnaire. Data analysis was done using the SPSS version 25 applying descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Results The study findings revealed that in pre-test knowledge score, 5% had good knowledge, whereas in post-test, score 50% had good knowledge regarding recognition and management of adolescent's suicidal behavior. The mean score during the pre-test was 12.78 ± 2.87 and the mean score during the post-test was 16.44 ± 2.50. The computed paired “t” value (11.9) was higher than the tabled value (t79 = 1.99; p < 0.05). An association was found between pre-test knowledge score regarding recognition and management of adolescent's suicidal behavior with gender, religion, and years of working experience at p < 0.05 level. Conclusion The study concluded that school-based teaching programs helped secondary school teachers to improve their knowledge regarding adolescents' suicidal behavior. The gain in knowledge from the school-based teaching program will help them recognize and manage adolescents with suicidal behavior and initiate appropriate referrals in the future.

Validation of the Thai version of the Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Questionnaire (PIKQ)

Introduction and hypothesis The Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Questionnaire (PIKQ) was developed and validated to assess women’s knowledge regarding etiology, diagnosis and treatment of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and urinary incontinence (UI). We aimed to translate and validate a Thai version of the PIKQ to use as a tool to evaluate knowledge of POP and UI among Thai-speaking women. Methods The English PIKQ, which comprises the PIKQ-POP and PIKQ-UI sections, was translated into Thai. Psychometric properties of the final version of the Thai PIKQ were tested for content validity, construct validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability among 168 women attending a gynecology clinic and 150 nurses. Results Regarding content validity of the final Thai PIKQ, the number of missing items was 0. Participants in the nurse group were more likely than those in the patient group to select the correct answer for all items for the POP scale and UI scale (P < 0.001). For internal consistency testing, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.745 for the PIKQ-POP and 0.754 for the PIKQ-UI scales, suggesting that the items had relatively high internal consistency. The item-total correlation values ranged from 0.204 to 0.539, showing an adequate correlation of each item with the scale overall. The correlation coefficients between the test and retest for PIKQ-POP and PIKQ-UI were 0.685 and 0.735, respectively (P < 0.001). Conclusions The Thai PIKQ is a simple instrument which shows good validity and high reliability and could be a useful tool for assessing knowledge regarding POP and UI in clinical practice.

“A CORRELATIONAL STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF DIET ON PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME AND OCCURRENCE OF PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS IN SELECTED COLLEGE”

Introduction: Premenstrual syndrome(PMS) is a group of symptoms that occur in women typically between ovulation and menstruation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation between the knowledge and practice of diet on PMS and occurrence of PMS among adolescent girls. The objectives of the study were to assess the knowledge on diet of PMS among adolescent girls, to assess the practice on diet of PMS among adolescent girls, and to identify the occurrence of PMSamong adolescent girls, to correlate the practice on diet of PMS and occurrence of PMS among adolescent girls, to associate the knowledge scores on diet of PMS with selected socio - demographic variables. Methodology: The study was undertaken with 60 samples. Purposive sampling technique was used. The research design was correlation prospective design. Structured knowledge questionnaire and checklist were used for collecting the data. The data was analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study ndings show Result: ed that, among 60 samples , 37(62%) has poor knowledge,20(33%) have good knowledge and 3 (5%) has very good knowledge .At 0.05 level of signicance, the hypothesis (H ) was rejected 1 and(H )was accepted Hence it can be concluded that there is statistically signicant difference in the knowledge level of the adolescent girls 2 regarding the knowledge on practice of diet on PMS. The study outcome revealed that Conclusion: the practice of diet on PMS was moderately positive correlated with occurrence of PMS among adolescent girls

To Assess the Knowledge Regarding Glaucoma among General Population

Background: The level of knowledge of glaucoma and their possible determinants in a group of people diagnosed with glaucoma and in a population based group without glaucoma. Studies performed on the prevalence of glaucoma have reported a high proportion of undiagnosed patients. Late diagnosis is related to increased risk of glaucoma associated with visual impairment and disability. Lack of awareness and non-availability of appropriate screening procedures are among the major reasons for non-diagnosis or late diagnosis of glaucoma. The present study has been undertaken to evaluate the level of awareness about glaucoma among the general population. Objective: 1. To assess the knowledge regarding glaucoma among general population. 2. To find an association between the level of knowledge with selected socio demographic variables. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in selected hospital. Descriptive research approach was used in this study. Hundred people in the general population were selected for the study. Structured knowledge questionnaire was used to collect the data. Results: The show that 1 (1%) had poor level of knowledge, 27(27%) were having an average level of knowledge. Fifty seven percent (57%) had a good level of knowledge, fifth teen present 15 (15%) had very good knowledge. None exhibited excellent level of knowledge. The minimum score was 3 and the maximum score was 12, with the mean score for the test being 7.61 ±1.814 and mean percentage of knowledge was 50.73%.

Short-Term Psycho-Education for Caregivers to Reduce Overmedication of People with Intellectual Disabilities (SPECTROM): Development and Field Testing

People with intellectual disabilities (PwID) are at a higher risk of developing challenging behaviours (CB). Despite the poor evidence for the effectiveness of medications in managing CB, they are used widely among PwID (50–63%). The aims of our study were to develop a training programme, SPECTROM for support staff to help reduce overmedication in PwID and carry out field testing of SPECTROM including a process evaluation. We developed SPECTROM using the Experience-based co-design method that included four focus groups and a one-day co-design event. Twenty trainees received SPECTROM training. We used the Management of Aggression and Violence Attitudes Scale-Revised-Intellectual Disabilities (MAVAS-R-ID) and the Psychotropic knowledge questionnaire. A semi-structured interview and a feasibility questionnaire were used for process evaluation. SPECTROM website contains 14 modules, resources, and face-to-face training. MAVAS-R-ID scores showed change in staff attitude to ‘medication management’ domain was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Psychotropic knowledge questionnaire showed statistical post-training improvement in correct responses (p < 0.05). Process evaluation data showed that SPECTROM was acceptable, applicable, practical, and relevant to staff practice, and helped to improve self-reflection, knowledge, and support to PwID. SPECTROM is a useful training that helps to change the support staff’s attitude toward CB and improve their knowledge of psychotropic medications.

Knowledge of Adolescents Regarding Health Implications of Body Piercing

vThe period of puberty to legal adulthood falls under the age group of 17-19, and the Transitional stage of physical and psychological development falls under this age. In a modern scenario the adolescents are aware of the different kind of piercing since it has been increasing popularity around the world. Piercing has a high potential for infectious complications such as pain, edema, prolonged bleeding, cyst, scar, or Keloid. Objectives: To assess the knowledge level of adolescents regarding health implication of body piercing and to find the association between knowledge score and demographic variables. Materials and Methods: A descriptive research design was adopted in this study. The sample consists of 92 adolescents. The study was conducted in Father Muller Medical College, Mangaluru. A Knowledge Questionnaire was used to collect the data regarding knowledge on health implication of body piercing. Result: The findings revealed that majority 52 (56.5%) of the adolescents had poor knowledge and 37 (40.2%) of them had an average knowledge on health implication of body piercing. Very few 3(3.3%) had good knowledge on health implication of body piercing. There exists no significant association of knowledge score with the selected demographic variables. Interpretation and Conclusion: The study concluded that majority of the adolescents have a general lack of knowledge about body piercing and its adverse effects; this causes an increased risk of adverse effects following body piercing. A health teaching on the health implications of body piercing will be very helpful for the young people to acquire knowledge and to practice accordingly. Key words: Body piercing, Adolescents, Health Implication, Knowledge. .

Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Knowledge Questionnaire in the Western Cape, South Africa

Background. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a major public health concern. The International Diabetes Federation estimated that the global prevalence of hyperglycemia in pregnancy is 16.2%. In South Africa, the most recent prevalence of GDM ranges between 9.1-25.8%. Serious adverse events associated with GDM can be mitigated by lifestyle modifications and education. Good comprehension of GDM, and improved understanding has been shown to translate into better glycemic control and reduces peri-natal complications. Assessing the knowledge base of mothers with GDM, whether in a country like South Africa, or any other similar country, is therefore imperative in bridging the gap and improving their understanding and control of their condition. Objective. To ascertain the validity and reliability of translated, cross-culturally adapted South African English, Afrikaans and isiXhosa versions of the Malaysian GDM Knowledge Questionnaire (M-GDMKQ). Methods. This mixed-method study was conducted prospectively within a high-risk antenatal clinic setting. The study consisted of three phases. Women ≥18-years, with GDM who were able to read basic level English, Afrikaans or isiXhosa; and attended the high-risk antenatal clinic throughout the index pregnancy were consecutively sampled and stratified into three language groups across phases. Results. The cross-culturally adapted English, Afrikaans and isiXhosa South African GDMKQ demonstrated reasonable face and content validity. Kappa values ranged between Kappa (SE), -0.03 (0.18) to 0.89 (0.13) for the English version, Kappa (SE), -0.07 (0.18) to 0.53 (0.13) for the Afrikaans version and Kappa (SE), 0.28 (0.18) to 0.87 (0.17) for the isiXhosa version respectively. Cronbach alpha for the individual questions ranged from 0.31 to 0.90, while correlation between overall scores was rho=0.79 (p<0.001). Conclusion. While the translated and cross-culturally adaptation South African English, Afrikaans and isiXhosa versions of the GDMKQ were found to be feasible, acceptable and easy to comprehend, more research is required to confirm validity and reliability.

Adaptation and Validation of The HIV-Kq-18 HIV Knowledge Questionnaire for Healthy Indonesian Population

Background: Indonesia does not have a validated instrument to assess HIV/AIDS knowledge. The HIV-KQ-18 is one of the most extensively used instruments for assessing HIV/AIDS knowledge, and it has been translated into various languages throughout the world. This paper describes the process of adapting and validating the HIV-KQ-18, an instrument to assess the level of HIV/AIDS knowledge.Methods: In the adaptation phase, feedback for the initial Bahasa Indonesia version was gathered from two HIV activists, an obstetrician, two general practitioners, and 60 pilot participants from the physician. Additional descriptions (namely synonyms or examples) were added to the particular terms in the 6 items to make it more understandable.Results: In the validation phase 1,249 participants were recruited. The online link of HIV-KQ-18 Bahasa Indonesia was distributed to participants from six major regions in Indonesia. Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach’s alpha, while construct validity was determined using factor analysis. Based on visual observation of the scree tree in the factor analysis, one factor was preferable. The Cronbach's alpha was 0.82.Conclusion: Therefore, HIV-KQ-18 Bahasa Indonesia is a valid and reliable instrument to assess the level of HIV/AIDS knowledge in Indonesia.

A Study to assess the breast feeding self-efficacy among postnatal mothers at NRI General Hospital Guntur Dist., Andhra Pradesh.

Background: Breastfeeding is one of the most important determinants of child survival, birth spacing, and prevention of childhood infections. The importance of exclusive breastfeeding and the immunological and nutritional values of breast milk has been demonstrated. Materials and Methods: A quantitative approach and non-experimental descriptive design was adopted. The study was conducted on 60 postnatal mothers admitted at NRI General Hospital using convenient sampling technique. Data were collected structured knowledge questionnaire and obtained data were analysed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Regarding the breastfeeding self-efficacy among post-natal mothers, 23.3% mothers had low confidence, 33.3% mothers had moderate confidence, 43.3% mothers had high confidence. Conclusion: The findings revealed that the improve the breast feeding self-efficacy of postnatal Mother’s.