The Effect of Highlight Music Videotapes upon the Game Performance of Intercollegiate Basketball Players

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Templin ◽  
Ralph A. Vernacchia
Keyword(s):  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Peak Performance ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Competitive Season ◽  
Individual Player ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Game Performance

Recent technological developments in applied sport psychology that utilize videotaping and playback techniques to enhance athletic performance have become increasingly attractive to coaches, athletes, and sport psychologists. This study of 5 male intercollegiate basketball players was designed to examine the effectiveness of highlight peak performance music videotapes on competitive offensive field goal percentage. Videotapes incorporating each player’s best and most effective plays were supplemented by inspirational music and were viewed by the athletes throughout the competitive season. Treatment effects were determined by a single-subject multiple-baseline-across-subjects design. Although a causal relationship between highlight videotapes and offensive field goal percentage was not established, the results did demonstrate a mean increase of 4.7% in overall field goal percentage for 3 of the 5 participants. Social validity was explored through the use of imagery evaluation sheets, individual player logs of introspective thought, and personal interviews.

The Effects of an Imagery Rehearsal, Relaxation, and Self-Talk Package on Basketball Game Performance

1990 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail Kendall ◽  
Dennis Hrycaiko ◽  
Garry L. Martin ◽  
Tom Kendall
Keyword(s):  
Social Validity ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Intervention Package ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Basketball Game ◽  
Self Talk ◽  
Validity Measures ◽  
Game Performance ◽  
Imagery Rehearsal

This study investigated the effects of an imagery rehearsal, relaxation, and self-talk package on the performance of a specific defensive basketball skill during competition. Subjects were four female intercollegiate basketball players. A single-subject multiple-baseline-across-individuals design was employed to evaluate the intervention package. The intervention was clearly effective in enhancing a basketball skill during games, and social validity measures were very positive. The need for further research in this area is discussed.

The Effects of Centering on the Free-Throw Shooting Performance of Young Athletes

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Haddad ◽  
Patsy Tremayne
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Psychological Skills ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Baseline Design ◽  
Free Throw ◽  
Sydney Australia

The present study investigated the effectiveness of a centering breath on the free throw shooting percentage of young athletes age 10–11 years. A convenience sample was used involving young representative basketball players (juniors who were trialed, selected, and identified as the most talented basketball players in their age group). They consisted of 2 females and 3 males (M = 10 years and 7 months, SD = 6months), from a basketball stadium located in Sydney, Australia. The participants trained at least twice a week and played representative games against other metropolitan associations on the weekends. A single subject multiple-baseline design was used, and through the use of visual inspection the centering breath was shown to be a useful tool for improving all participants’ performance to varying degrees. The findings indicate that it may be advantageous to explore the effectiveness of centering or other psychological skills in a variety of sport skills (closed versus open), and for children of different age groups.

The Effects of Goal-Setting and Imagery Training Programs on the Free-Throw Performance of Female Collegiate Basketball Players

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart S. Lerner ◽  
Andrew C. Ostrow ◽  
Michael T. Yura ◽  
Edward F. Etzel
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Personal Goals ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Baseline Phase ◽  
Free Throw ◽  
Imagery Training ◽  
Intervention Goal ◽  
Collegiate Basketball

The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of goal-setting and imagery programs, as well as a combined goal-setting and imagery training program, on the free-throw performance among female collegiate basketball players over the course of an entire season. A multiple-baseline, single-subject A-B-A design was employed in which participants were randomly assigned to one of three interventions: (a) goal-setting (n = 4), (b) imagery (n = 4), or (c) goal-setting and imagery (n = 4). Free-throw data were collected during practice sessions. Data were examined by way of changes in mean, level, trend, latency, and variability between baseline and intervention, and then between intervention and a second baseline phase. Three participants in the goal-setting program, and one participant in the goal-setting and imagery program, increased their mean free-throw performance from baseline to intervention. However, three participants in the imagery program decreased their mean free-throw performance from baseline to intervention. Goal discrepancy scores also were investigated. A positive correlation was found between participants’ free-throw performance and personal goals.

Single-Subject Designs for Evaluation of Sport Psychology Interventions

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne J. Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Skills Acquisition ◽  
Sport Skills ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Single Subject Designs

The case is made for using single-subject designs in evaluating psychological interventions for sport skills acquisition and performance enhancement. Advantages of single-subject designs are discussed, along with examples and considerations in the use of the A-B-A-B and multiple-baseline designs.

Effects of a Cognitive Intervention Package on the Free-Throw Performance of Varsity Basketball Players during Practice and Competition

1992 ◽  
Vol 75 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1243-1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwight W. Kearns ◽  
Jane Crossman
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Intervention ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Intervention Package ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Baseline Design ◽  
Free Throw ◽  
Game Condition ◽  
Larger Sample

To examine the effects of a cognitive intervention package on the free-throw shooting performance of basketball players, with 3 Canadian male university caliber basketball players ages 20, 22, and 24 years, during practice and in competition single-subject multiple-baseline design was implemented. Each subject was introduced to the imagery-rehearsal intervention at different times during the 14-week competitive basketball season. Free-throw data were collected during 50 practice sessions and 32 games. Data from both practice and competitive situations were examined using a comparison of graphed means. In the practice condition an increase in free-throw performance for all three subjects occurred during the posttreatment intervention. In the game condition, Subjects A and B showed posttreatment improvement. The cognitive intervention package consisting of visualization and relaxation can be an effective strategy for improving free-throw performance of some basketball players. Further research should involve control-group examination using a larger sample across a variety of tasks.

Effects of Phonological Decoding Training on Children's Word Recognition of CVC, CV, and VC Structures

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenyatta O. Rivers ◽  
Linda J. Lombardino ◽  
Cynthia K. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Group Training ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Multiple Baseline Design ◽  
Baseline Design ◽  
Phonological Decoding ◽  
The Third ◽  
Letter Sound

The effects of training in letter-sound correspondences and phonemic decoding (segmenting and blending skills) on three kindergartners' word recognition abilities were examined using a single-subject multiple-baseline design across behaviors and subjects. Whereas CVC pseudowords were trained, generalization to untrained CVC pseudowords, untrained CVC real words, untrained CV and VC pseudowords, and untrained CV and VC real words were assessed. Generalization occurred to all of the untrained constructions for two of the three subjects. The third subject did not show the same degree of generalization to VC pseudowords and real words; however, after three training sessions, this subject read all VC constructions with 100% accuracy. Findings are consistent with group training studies that have shown the benefits of decoding training on word recognition and spelling skills and with studies that have demonstrated the effects of generalization to less complex structures when more complex structures are trained.

PENGARUH ASERTIVE TRAINING TERHADAP PENINGKATAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR ANAK YANG BERPERILAKU MALADAPTIF DI KELURAHAN TAMANSARI KECAMATAN BANDUNG WETAN KOTA BANDUNG

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Winda Januarti
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Single Subject Design ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Assertive Training

Tujuan penelitian untuk memperoleh gambaran secara empiris, sehingga mampu melakukan analisis tentang Asertive Training terhadap peningkatan motivasi belajar anak yang berperilaku maladaptif di Kelurahan Tamansari Kecamatan Bandung Wetan Kota Bandung. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode eksperimen melalui rancangan subyek tunggal (single subject design) dan menggunakan model multiple baseline cross subjects untuk mengukur target perilaku. Subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah subyek satu yakni AM; subyek dua yakni JR; dan subyek tiga yakni NJ. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Asertive Training berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan motivasi belajar anak berperilaku maladaptif. Tingkatan pengaruh pada masing-masing subyek bervariasi dengan subyek AM dengan skor tertinggi yakni aspek komitmen, subyek JR dengan skor tertinggi yakni aspek komitmen beajar dan inisiatif belajar, subyek NJ dengan skor tertinggi yakni aspek inisiatif dan optimis belajar. Secara keseluruhan JR merupakan subyek yang memiliki tingkat pengaruh tertinggi dari intervensi Asertive Traning terhadap motivasi belajar, diantara kedua subyek yang lain. Hal ini tidak terlepas dari faktor-faktor pendukung subyek. Melalui intervensi Asertive Training, anak mampu mengelola emosi, perasaan dan tingkah laku yang berkaitan dengan pendidikan. Kata Kunci: Anak, Motivasi Belajar, Assertive Training, Perilaku Maladaptif

PENERAPAN PARENT-CHILD INTERACTION THERAPY TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KELEKATAN ANAK DENGAN IBU ASUH DI SOS CHILDREN’S VILLAGE JAKARTA

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Dika Permatadiraja
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Single Subject Design ◽  
Parent Child Interaction Therapy ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Parent Child Interaction ◽  
Parent Child

Abstrak Tujuan penelitian untuk memperoleh gambaran secara empiris, sehingga mampu melakukan analisis tentang Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) terhadap peningkatan kelekatan anak dan ibu asuh di SOS Children’s Village Jakarta. Tahapan yang dilakukan melalui dua fase yakni Child-Directed Interaction (CDI) serta Parent-Directed Interaction (PDI).Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode eksperimen melalui rancangan subjek tunggal (single subject design) dan menggunakan model multiple baseline cross subjects untuk mengukur target perilaku. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah keluarga satu yakni PH dan ibu SU; keluarga dua yakni NM dan ibu MA; dan keluarga tiga yakni NA dan ibu AR. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumentasi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PCIT berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kelekatan anak dan ibu asuh. Tingkatan pengaruh pada masing-masing subjek bervariasi dengan subjek PH dan ibu SU memiliki pengaruh tertinggi pada aspek kehangatan, subjek NM dan ibu MA memiliki pengaruh tertinggi pada aspek kehangatan dan ketanggapan; serta NA dan ibu AR memiliki pengaruh tertinggi pada aspek rasa aman. Secara keseluruhan NM dan ibu MA merupakan subjek yang memiliki tingkat pengaruh tertinggi dari intervensi PCIT terhadap kelekatan, diantara kedua subjek yang lain. Hal ini tidak terlepas dari faktor-faktor pendukung subjek. Hasil dari peningkatan kelekatan berdampak pada gaya pengasuhan yang penuh dengan kehangatan serta membentuk pola kelekatan ibu asuh terhadap anak yang selalu mendampingi, sensitif, responsif, penuh cinta dan kasih sayang.Kata kunci: anak, kelekatan, Parent-Child Interaction Therapy, pengasuhan keluarga pengganti

scholarly journals Using the Virtual Reality-Cognitive Rehabilitation Approach to Improve Contextual Processing in Children with Autism

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Wang ◽  
Denise Reid
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Control Test ◽  
Contextual Processing

Background. This pilot study investigated the efficacy of a novel virtual reality-cognitive rehabilitation (VR-CR) intervention to improvecontextual processing of objectsin children with autism. Previous research supports that children with autism show deficits in contextual processing, as well as deficits in its elementary components: abstraction and cognitive flexibility.Methods. Four children with autism participated in a multiple-baseline, single-subject study. The children were taught how tosee objects in contextby reinforcing attention to pivotal contextual information.Results. All children demonstrated statistically significant improvements in contextual processing and cognitive flexibility. Mixed results were found on the control test and changes in context-related behaviours.Conclusions. Larger-scale studies are warranted to determine the effectiveness and usability in comprehensive educational programs.

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