Polio Virus Spreads From Pakistan to Egypt

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Polio Virus

scholarly journals Some lessons for malaria from the Global Polio Eradication Initiative

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matiana González-Silva ◽  
N. Regina Rabinovich
Keyword(s):  
Polio Eradication ◽  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Polio Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eradication Campaign ◽  
Global Polio Eradication Initiative ◽  
Governance Strategy ◽  
Malaria Eradication ◽  
Near Future

AbstractThe Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) was launched in 1988 with the aim of completely clearing wild polio viruses by 2000. More than three decades later, the goal has not been achieved, although spectacular advances have been made, with wild polio virus reported in only 2 countries in 2019. In spite of such progress, novel challenges have been added to the equation, most importantly outbreaks of vaccine-derived polio cases resulting from reversion to neurovirulence of attenuated vaccine virus, and insufficient coverage of vaccination. In the context of the latest discussions on malaria eradication, the GPEI experience provides more than a few lessons to the malaria field when considering a coordinated eradication campaign. The WHO Strategic Advisory Committee on Malaria Eradication (SAGme) stated in 2020 that in the context of more than 200 million malaria cases reported, eradication was far from reach in the near future and, therefore, efforts should remain focused on getting back on track to achieve the objectives set by the Global Technical Strategy against Malaria (2016–2030). Acknowledging the deep differences between both diseases and the stages they are in their path towards eradication, this paper draws from the history of GPEI and highlights relevant insights into what it takes to eradicate a pathogen in fields as varied as priority setting, global governance, strategy, community engagement, surveillance systems, and research. Above all, it shows the critical need for openness to change and adaptation as the biological, social and political contexts vary throughout the time an eradication campaign is ongoing.

scholarly journals The game is not over for polio virus in India; it can strike back again

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 652
Author(s):  
Imran Kazmi ◽  
Muhammad Afzal ◽  
Muhammad Shahid Nadeem ◽  
Fahad A. Al-Abbasi ◽  
Firoz Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Polio Virus

Polio Vaccination in Developing Countries

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-668
Author(s):  
Roy E. Brown ◽  
Michael Katz
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Virus Vaccine ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Polio Virus ◽  
Vaccine Trials ◽  
Letter To The Editor ◽  
Polio Vaccination

We have recently come across the Letter to the Editor from Dr. Shanti Ghosh,1 commenting on the trivalent oral polio virus vaccine trials reported by Hardy, et al. in Pediatrics.2 Although 96 to 100% of infants demonstrated satisfactory levels of immunity in Hardy's group, using a microneutralization titer technique, Dr. Ghosh describes disappointing results in children in India and Nigeria as indicated by low seroconversion rates, as well as very low enterovirus excretion rate in pre- and postimmunization specimens (7.8%).

Letter To The Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 795-795
Author(s):  
Sanford Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Virus Vaccine ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Single Product ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Polio Virus ◽  
Live Virus Vaccine ◽  
Letter To The Editor ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Of Protection

The pro and con commentaries by Drs Judelsohn and Katz (Pediatrics 1996;98:115-117) do not mention projected costs. In these days of limited resources, the greatest bang for the buck is important and perhaps is becoming the most important factor of delivery of medical services to large populations. Developing a single product multi-vaccine containing inactivated polio virus, to be followed by oral live virus vaccine, will unquestionably add to the cost of protection. Also, Dr Katz does not seem to address the problem of compliance.

Detection of non-polio and polio enteroviruses in Acute Flaccid Paralysis surveillance in Turkey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulay Korukluoglu ◽  
Umit Ozdemirer ◽  
Fatma Bayrakdar ◽  
Zehra Unal ◽  
Yasemin Cosgun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Flaccid Paralysis ◽  
Flaccid Paralysis ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
National Data ◽  
Polio Virus ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Acute Flaccid Paralysis Surveillance ◽  
Polio Vaccination ◽  
Afp Surveillance ◽  
Comprehensive Study

AbstractPoliomyelitis was a disease feared worldwide, striking suddenly and paralysing mainly children for life. Monitoring of suspected cases of poliomyelitis is carried out with Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) surveillance in Turkey. This study examines national data of AFP surveillance and the epidemiology of enteroviruses (EV) in Turkey from 2000 to 2019 and gives an overview of the detected serotypes of EVs. A total of 13,640 samples collected from patients with 5216 AFP pre-diagnosed cases (2 samples from each patient) and 3,208 contacts, during a 20-year period (2000–2019) were investigated. All isolated polioviruses were tested for their wild or vaccine origin according to the WHO recommended protocol by PCR and sequencing analysis were performed. Enterovirus positivity was detected in a total of 915 cases, which were identified as 204 Sabin-like polio virus (SLPV) and 711 non-polio enterovirus (NPEV). Of the 204 SLPV, 141 (69.1%) AFP were detected in patients and 63 (30.9%) were detected in samples taken from their contacts. Of the 711 NPEVs, 516 (72.5%) were from AFP cases and 195 (27.5%) were detected in samples taken from their contacts. It is concluded that the reason for the higher detection rate of NPEV in samples from AFP pre-diagnosed cases is attributed to the polio vaccination rates reaching 97% between 2008 and 2019 in Turkey. The most frequently detected NPEV serotypes were Coxackie A24, B3, and Echo 30. This retrospective study is the first comprehensive study in Turkey to evaluate the results of the AFP surveillance in the last 20 years.

Origin of polio virus in China debated

The Lancet ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 356 (9226) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Dinesh C Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Polio Virus

Relationship Between COVID-19 and Polio-virus (Hypothesis)

2020 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatih AKAY
Keyword(s):  
Polio Virus

Factors Determining the Site of Synthesis of Polio Virus Proteins: The Early Attachment of Virus Particles to Endoplasmic Membranes

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-413
Author(s):  
M. L. FENWICK ◽  
MARGARET J. WALL
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cellular Protein ◽  
Membrane Association ◽  
Viral Protein Synthesis ◽  
Polio Virus ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Sharp Band ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Infectious Cycle

Cytoplasmic extracts of HeLa cells made 1 to 2 h after infection with radioactive poliovirus contained 150-S virus particles and 130-S, perhaps partially disrupted, particles. The latter were resistant to RNase but sensitive to dodecylsulphate. Both particles were associated with fast sedimenting material from which they could be released by deoxycholate, but not by EDTA. In isopycnic gradients of sucrose in D2O the labelled particles formed a sharp band coincident with membrane-bound ribosomes at a density of 1.23 g cm-3. It is suggested that attachment of virus particles to endoplasmic reticulum may be an early stage in the infectious cycle, determining the site of subsequent steps. The inhibition of cellular protein synthesis that develops during infection affects membrane-bound as well as free polysomes and therefore does not determine the membrane-association of viral protein synthesis.

RIBOSCME BINDING TO POLIO VIRUS RNA

1980 ◽  
pp. 95-104
Author(s):  
Kenneth McClain ◽  
Margaret Stewart ◽  
Robert J. Crouch ◽  
Margery Sullivan ◽  
Jacob V. Maizel
Keyword(s):  
Polio Virus ◽  
Virus Rna
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