scholarly journals Tuning, optimization, and perovskite solar cell device integration of ultrathin poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) films via a single-step all-dry process

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. eaay0414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meysam Heydari Gharahcheshmeh ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Tavakoli ◽  
Edward F. Gleason ◽  
Maxwell T. Robinson ◽  
Jing Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Hole Transport ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Hole Transport Layer ◽  
Dry Process ◽  
Transfer Integral

For semicrystalline poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT), oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD) enables systematic control over the b-axis lattice parameter (π-π stacking distance). Decreasing the b-axis lattice parameter increases the charge transfer integral, thus enhancing intracrystallite mobility. To reduce the barrier to intercrystallite transport, oCVD conditions were tailored to produce pure face-on crystallite orientation rather than the more common edge-on orientation. The face-on oriented oCVD PEDOT with the lowest b-axis lattice parameter displayed the highest in-plane electrical conductivity (σdc = 2800 S/cm), largest optical bandgap (2.9 eV), and lowest degree of disorder as characterized by the Urbach band edge energy. With the single step oCVD process at growth conditions compatible with direct deposition onto flexible plastic substrates, the ratio σdc/σop reached 50. As compared to spun-cast PEDOT:polystyrene sulfonate, integration of oCVD PEDOT as a hole transport layer (HTL) improved both the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and shelf-life stability of inverted perovskite solar cells (PSC).

scholarly journals A Solution-Processed Tetra-Alkoxylated Zinc Phthalocyanine as Hole Transporting Material for Emerging Photovoltaic Technologies

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Gloria Zanotti ◽  
Giuseppe Mattioli ◽  
Anna Maria Paoletti ◽  
Giovanna Pennesi ◽  
Daniela Caschera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Hole Transport ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Zinc Phthalocyanine ◽  
Hole Transport Layer ◽  
Solution Processed ◽  
Ab Initio Simulations ◽  
Hole Transporting ◽  
Hole Transporting Material

A tetra-n-butoxy zinc phthalocyanine (n-BuO)4ZnPc has been synthesized in a single step, starting from commercial precursors, and easily purified. The molecule can be solution processed to form an effective and inexpensive hole transport layer for organic and perovskite solar cells. These appealing features are suggested by the results of a series of chemical, optical, and voltammetric characterizations of the molecule, supported by the results of ab initio simulations. Preliminary measurements of (n-BuO)4ZnPc-methylammonium lead triiodide perovskite-based devices confirm such suggestion and indicate that the interface between the photoactive layer and the hole transporting layer is characterized by hole-extracting and electron-blocking properties, potentially competitive with those of other standards de facto in the field of organic hole transport materials, like the expensive Spiro-OMeTAD.

scholarly journals Degradation mechanism of hybrid tin-based perovskite solar cells and the critical role of tin (IV) iodide

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Lanzetta ◽  
Thomas Webb ◽  
Nourdine Zibouche ◽  
Xinxing Liang ◽  
Dong Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Hole Transport ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Hole Transport Layer ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Cyclic Degradation ◽  
Stability Issues

AbstractTin perovskites have emerged as promising alternatives to toxic lead perovskites in next-generation photovoltaics, but their poor environmental stability remains an obstacle towards more competitive performances. Therefore, a full understanding of their decomposition processes is needed to address these stability issues. Herein, we elucidate the degradation mechanism of 2D/3D tin perovskite films based on (PEA)0.2(FA)0.8SnI3 (where PEA is phenylethylammonium and FA is formamidinium). We show that SnI4, a product of the oxygen-induced degradation of tin perovskite, quickly evolves into iodine via the combined action of moisture and oxygen. We identify iodine as a highly aggressive species that can further oxidise the perovskite to more SnI4, establishing a cyclic degradation mechanism. Perovskite stability is then observed to strongly depend on the hole transport layer chosen as the substrate, which is exploited to tackle film degradation. These key insights will enable the future design and optimisation of stable tin-based perovskite optoelectronics.

scholarly journals Solid-State Solar Cells Based on TiO2 Nanowires and CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 404
Author(s):  
Abdul Sami ◽  
Arsalan Ansari ◽  
Muhammad Dawood Idrees ◽  
Muhammad Musharraf Alam ◽  
Junaid Imtiaz
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Light Trapping ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Hole Transport ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Electron Transport Layer ◽  
Hole Transport Layer ◽  
Tio2 Nanowires

Perovskite inorganic-organic solar cells are fabricated as a sandwich structure of mesostructured TiO2 as electron transport layer (ETL), CH3NH3PbI3 as active material layer (AML), and Spiro-OMeTAD as hole transport layer (HTL). The crystallinity, structural morphology, and thickness of TiO2 layer play a crucial role to improve the overall device performance. The randomly distributed one dimensional (1D) TiO2 nanowires (TNWs) provide excellent light trapping with open voids for active filling of visible light absorber compared to bulk TiO2. Solid-state photovoltaic devices based on randomly distributed TNWs and CH3NH3PbI3 are fabricated with high open circuit voltage Voc of 0.91 V, with conversion efficiency (CE) of 7.4%. Mott-Schottky analysis leads to very high built-in potential (Vbi) ranging from 0.89 to 0.96 V which indicate that there is no depletion layer voltage modulation in the perovskite solar cells fabricated with TNWs of different lengths. Moreover, finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) analysis revealed larger fraction of photo-generated charges due to light trapping and distribution due to field convergence via guided modes, and improved light trapping capability at the interface of TNWs/CH3NH3PbI3 compared to bulk TiO2.

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