scholarly journals Three-dimensional self-assembly using dipolar interaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (19) ◽  
pp. eaba2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Abelmann ◽  
Tijmen A. G. Hageman ◽  
Per A. Löthman ◽  
Massimo Mastrangeli ◽  
Miko C. Elwenspoek
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dipolar Interaction ◽  
The Self ◽  
Design Rule ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Regular Structures ◽  
Specific Shape ◽  
Dimensional Crystal

Interaction between dipolar forces, such as permanent magnets, generally leads to the formation of one-dimensional chains and rings. We investigated whether it was possible to let dipoles self-assemble into three-dimensional structures by encapsulating them in a shell with a specific shape. We found that the condition for self-assembly of a three-dimensional crystal is satisfied when the energies of dipoles in the parallel and antiparallel states are equal. Our experiments show that the most regular structures are formed using cylinders and cuboids and not by spheroids. This simple design rule will help the self-assembly community to realize three-dimensional crystals from objects in the micrometer range, which opens up the way toward previously unknown metamaterials.

Nanoscale Self-Assembly Using Ion and Electron Beam Techniques: A Rapid Review

MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (64) ◽  
pp. 3507-3520
Author(s):  
Chunhui Dai ◽  
Kriti Agarwal ◽  
Jeong-Hyun Cho
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Self ◽  
Stress Generation ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
High Yield ◽  
3D Nanostructures ◽  
Self Assembled

AbstractNanoscale self-assembly, as a technique to transform two-dimensional (2D) planar patterns into three-dimensional (3D) nanoscale architectures, has achieved tremendous success in the past decade. However, an assembly process at nanoscale is easily affected by small unavoidable variations in sample conditions and reaction environment, resulting in a low yield. Recently, in-situ monitored self-assembly based on ion and electron irradiation has stood out as a promising candidate to overcome this limitation. The usage of ion and electron beam allows stress generation and real-time observation simultaneously, which significantly enhances the controllability of self-assembly. This enables the realization of various complex 3D nanostructures with a high yield. The additional dimension of the self-assembled 3D nanostructures opens the possibility to explore novel properties that cannot be demonstrated in 2D planar patterns. Here, we present a rapid review on the recent achievements and challenges in nanoscale self-assembly using electron and ion beam techniques, followed by a discussion of the novel optical properties achieved in the self-assembled 3D nanostructures.

scholarly journals The magneto-elastica : from self-buckling to self-assembly

2014 ◽  
Vol 470 (2162) ◽  
pp. 20130609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Vella ◽  
Emmanuel du Pontavice ◽  
Cameron L. Hall ◽  
Alain Goriely
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Energy Estimates ◽  
Dimensional Chain ◽  
Elastic Rod ◽  
Straight Chain ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Vibration Dynamics ◽  
Magnetic Strength ◽  
A Chain

Spherical neodymium–iron–boron magnets are permanent magnets that can be assembled into a variety of structures owing to their high magnetic strength. A one-dimensional chain of these magnets responds to mechanical loadings in a manner reminiscent of an elastic rod. We investigate the macroscopic mechanical properties of assemblies of ferromagnetic spheres by considering chains, rings and chiral cylinders of magnets. Based on energy estimates and simple experiments, we introduce an effective magnetic bending stiffness for a chain of magnets and show that, used in conjunction with classic results for elastic rods, it provides excellent estimates for the buckling and vibration dynamics of magnetic chains. We then use this estimate to understand the dynamic self-assembly of a cylinder from an initially straight chain of magnets.

Self-assembled three-dimensional hierarchical graphene hybrid hydrogels with ultrathin β-MnO2 nanobelts for high performance supercapacitors

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1540-1548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Zhu ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Ping Chen ◽  
Lin-Hui Nie ◽  
Chuan-Hao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Self ◽  
Mass Loading ◽  
Hybrid Hydrogel ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Ultrafine Structure ◽  
Hybrid Hydrogels ◽  
Self Assembled

A facile protocol for the self-assembly of the rGO/β-MnO2 hybrid hydrogel with ultrafine structure and precise control of mass-loading for high performance supercapacitors is reported.

A smart sensing Zn (Ⅱ) coordination polymer based on a new viologen ligand exhibiting photochromic and thermochromic and multiple solid detection properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heyi Zhang ◽  
Fangyuan He ◽  
Xiaonan Li ◽  
Zhi-Hui Wang ◽  
Hong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Coordination Polymer ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
The Self ◽  
Dimensional Chain ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Smart Sensing

Through the self-assembly of 1,1'-bis(3-cyanobenzyl)-[4,4'-bipyridine] dichloride ligand, m-H2BDC and Zn(NO3)2·6H2O, a novel one-dimensional chain structure multifunctional coordination polymer was successfully synthesized. Due to electron transfer during irradiation and heating to...

scholarly journals Self-assembly and hydrogel formation ability of Fmoc-dipeptides comprising α-methyl-L-phenylalanine

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 923-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanae Arakawa ◽  
Kumi Takeda ◽  
Sayuri L. Higashi ◽  
Aya Shibata ◽  
Yoshiaki Kitamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Self ◽  
Methyl Groups ◽  
Marked Influence ◽  
Hydrogel Network ◽  
Hydrogel Formation ◽  
Peptide Derivatives

AbstractVarious biofunctional hydrogel materials can be fabricated in aqueous media through the self-assembly of peptide derivatives, forming supramolecular nanostructures and their three-dimensional networks. In this study, we describe the self-assembly of new Fmoc-dipeptides comprising α-methyl-L-phenylalanine. We found that the position and number of methyl groups introduced onto the α carbons of the Fmoc-dipeptides by α-methyl-L-phenylalanine have a marked influence on the morphology of the supramolecular nanostructure as well as the hydrogel (network) formation ability.

Design and chance in the self-assembly of macromolecules

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A.R. Worrall ◽  
M. Górna ◽  
X.Y. Pei ◽  
D.R. Spring ◽  
R.L. Nicholson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Synthetic Detergent ◽  
Stable Equilibrium ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Self ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Assembly Process ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Polymeric Assemblies

The principles of self-assembly are described for naturally occurring macromolecules and for complex assemblies formed from simple synthetic constituents. Many biological molecules owe their function and specificity to their three-dimensional folds, and, in many cases, these folds are specified entirely by the sequence of the constituent amino acids or nucleic acids, and without the requirement for additional machinery to guide the formation of the structure. Thus sequence may often be sufficient to guide the assembly process, starting from denatured components having little or no folds, to the completion state with the stable, equilibrium fold that encompasses functional activity. Self-assembly of homopolymeric structures does not necessarily preserve symmetry, and some polymeric assemblies are organized so that their chemically identical subunits pack stably in geometrically non-equivalent ways. Self-assembly can also involve scaffolds that lack structure, as seen in the multi-enzyme assembly, the degradosome. The stable self-assembly of lipids into dynamic membraneous sheets is also described, and an example is shown in which a synthetic detergent can assemble into membrane layers.

Structures of the ZrZn22 family: suprapolyhedral nanoclusters, methods of self-assembly and superstructural ordering

2009 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Ilyushin ◽  
V. A. Blatov
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Topological Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Topological Type ◽  
Point Symmetry ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Nanocluster Precursor ◽  
Dimensional Crystal

A combinatorial topological analysis is carried out by means of the program package TOPOS4.0 [Blatov (2006), IUCr Comput. Commun. Newsl. 7, 4–38] and the matrix self-assembly is modeled for crystal structures of the ZrZn22 family (space group Fd\bar 3m, Pearson code cF184), including the compounds with superstructural ordering. A number of strict rules are proposed to model the crystal structures of intermetallics as a network of cluster precursors. According to these rules the self-assembly of the ZrZn22-like structures was considered within the hierarchical scheme: primary polyhedral cluster → zero-dimensional nanocluster precursor → one-dimensional primary chain → two-dimensional microlayer → three-dimensional microframework (three-dimensional supraprecursor). The suprapolyhedral cluster precursor AB 2 X 37 of diameter ∼ 12 Å and volume ∼ 350 Å3 consists of three polyhedra (one AX 16 of the \bar 43m point symmetry and two regular icosahedra BX 12 of the \bar 3m point symmetry); the packing of the clusters determines the translations in the resulting crystal structure. A novel topological type of the two-dimensional crystal-forming 4,4-coordinated binodal net AB 2, with the Schläfli symbols 3636 and 3366 for nodes A and B, is discovered. It is shown that the ZrZn22 superstructures are formed by substituting some atoms in the cluster precursors. Computer analysis of the CRYSTMET and ICSD databases shows that the cluster AB 2 X 37 occurs in 111 intermetallics belonging to 28 structure types.

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