scholarly journals Magnetic imaging of subseafloor hydrothermal fluid circulation pathways

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (44) ◽  
pp. eabc6844
Author(s):  
Christopher G. Galley ◽  
John W. Jamieson ◽  
Peter G. Lelièvre ◽  
Colin G. Farquharson ◽  
John M. Parianos
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Modeling ◽  
Hydrothermal Fluid ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
Important Process ◽  
Fluid Circulation ◽  
Magnetic Minerals ◽  
Biological Communities ◽  
Magnetic Imaging ◽  
Hydrothermal Convection

Hydrothermal fluid circulation beneath the seafloor is an important process for chemical and heat transfer between the solid Earth and overlying oceans. Discharge of hydrothermal fluids at the seafloor supports unique biological communities and can produce potentially valuable mineral deposits. Our understanding of the scale and geometry of subseafloor hydrothermal circulation has been limited to numerical simulations and their manifestations on the seafloor. Here, we use magnetic inverse modeling to generate the first three-dimensional empirical model of a hydrothermal convection system. High-temperature fluid-rock reactions associated with fluid circulation destroy magnetic minerals in the Earth’s crust, thus allowing magnetic models to trace the fluid’s pathways through the seafloor. We present an application of this modeling at a hydrothermally active region of the East Manus Basin.

scholarly journals The orthopedic characterization of cfap298tm304 mutants validate zebrafish to faithfully model human AIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Hardy Laura ◽  
Cantaut-Belarif Yasmine ◽  
Pietton Raphaël ◽  
Slimani Lotfi ◽  
Pascal-Moussellard Hugues
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fluid Circulation ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Csf Flow ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

AbstractCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation relies on the beating of motile cilia projecting in the lumen of the brain and spinal cord cavities Mutations in genes involved in cilia motility disturb cerebrospinal fluid circulation and result in scoliosis-like deformities of the spine in juvenile zebrafish. However, these defects in spine alignment have not been validated with clinical criteria used to diagnose adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). The aim of this study was to describe, using orthopaedic criteria the spinal deformities of a zebrafish mutant model of AIS targeting a gene involved in cilia polarity and motility, cfap298tm304. The zebrafish mutant line cfap298tm304, exhibiting alteration of CSF flow due to defective cilia motility, was raised to the juvenile stage. The analysis of mutant animals was based on micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), which was conducted in a QUANTUM FX CALIPER, with a 59 µm-30 mm protocol. 63% of the cfap298tm304 zebrafish analyzed presented a three-dimensional deformity of the spine, that was evolutive during the juvenile phase, more frequent in females, with a right convexity, a rotational component and involving at least one dislocation. We confirm here that cfap298tm304 scoliotic individuals display a typical AIS phenotype, with orthopedic criteria mirroring patient’s diagnosis.

Modeling of Flowers with Inverse Grammar Generation Interface

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-41
Author(s):  
Olga Petrenko ◽  
Mateu Sbert ◽  
Olivier Terraz ◽  
Djamchid Ghazanfarpour
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Production Rules ◽  
Procedural Modeling ◽  
Model Based ◽  
L Systems ◽  
Generalized Maps

Flowers belong to one of the natural phenomena that cannot be captured completely, as there is enormous variety of shapes both within and between individuals. The authors propose a procedural modeling of flowering plants using an extension of L-Systems – a model based on three-dimensional generalized maps. Conventionally, in order to build a model the user has to write the grammar, which consists of the description of 3Gmaps and all the production rules. The process of writing a grammar is usually quite laborious and tedious. In order to avoid this the authors propose new interface functionality: the inverse modeling by automatic generation of L-systems. The user describes the flower he wants to model, by assigning the properties of its organs. The algorithm uses this information as an input, which is then analyzed and coded as L-systems grammar.

Fluid circulation in the Apuane Alps core complex: evidence from extension veins in the Carrara marble

1999 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Costagliola ◽  
M. Benvenuti ◽  
C. Maineri ◽  
P. Lattanzi ◽  
G. Ruggieri
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Inclusion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Shear Zones ◽  
Geothermal Gradient ◽  
Detachment Fault ◽  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
Fluid Circulation ◽  
Core Complex ◽  
Mineral Deposition ◽  
Mineralizing Process

AbstractIn the Apuane Alps (AA) metamorphic core complex, syn-metamorphic mineral deposits are mainly restricted to extensional shear zones in the Lower Plate Palaeozoic basement. By contrast, the extension structures at upper levels, such as the detachment fault, that are typically the seat of fluid circulation and mineralization in other core complexes, are barren in the AA. Extension veins hosted by the Jurassic Carrara marbles are among the few examples of (minor) mineralization located in the upper levels of the AA core complex. Calcite–dolomite geothermometry and fluid inclusion data suggest that the mineralizing process in these veins began under pressure (P)-temperature (T) conditions close to the metamorphic peak (about 400°C, 3 kbar). Progressive cooling and mixing between metamorphic and late stage meteoric fluids were probably responsible for most of the mineral deposition. Batches of relatively saline fluids presumably resulted from interaction with evaporitic levels located along the detachment fault. In agreement with previous estimates, fluid inclusion constraints on the P—T synmetamorphic path of the AA suggest a relatively rapid cooling of the core complex as a result of uplift. However, the maximum estimated geothermal gradient (about 35°C/km) is considerably lower than in other core complexes, where large-scale hydrothermal circulation was associated with extension and uplift. Hence, in the AA, fluid circulation at shallow levels and mixing among fluids of different origin were not favoured, thus precluding the formation of mineral deposits along major extensional structures.

Submarine Lava Flow Emplacement at the East Pacific Rise 9°50´N: Implications for Uppermost Ocean Crust Stratigraphy and Hydrothermal Fluid Circulation

2013 ◽  
pp. 187-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Fornari ◽  
Maurice Tivey ◽  
Hans Schouten ◽  
Michael Perfit ◽  
Dana Yoerger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lava Flow ◽  
Hydrothermal Fluid ◽  
East Pacific Rise ◽  
Fluid Circulation ◽  
Ocean Crust ◽  
East Pacific ◽  
Submarine Lava ◽  
Lava Flow Emplacement

Characteristics and timing of hydrothermal fluid circulation in the fossil Pyrenean hyperextended rift system: new constraints from the Chaînons Béarnais (W Pyrenees)

2020 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 1071-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Incerpi ◽  
G. Manatschal ◽  
L. Martire ◽  
S. M. Bernasconi ◽  
A. Gerdes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Fluid ◽  
Rift System ◽  
Fluid Circulation

scholarly journals Hydrothermal fluid geochemistry at the Iheya North field in the mid-Okinawa Trough: Implication for origin of methane in subseafloor fluid circulation systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHINSUKE KAWAGUCCI ◽  
HITOSHI CHIBA ◽  
JUN-ICHIRO ISHIBASHI ◽  
TOSHIRO YAMANAKA ◽  
TOMOHIRO TOKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Fluid ◽  
Okinawa Trough ◽  
Fluid Circulation ◽  
Fluid Geochemistry

Inverse Modeling of Moving Average Isotropic Kernels for Non-parametric Three-Dimensional Gaussian Simulation

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 559-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Peredo ◽  
Julián M. Ortiz ◽  
Oy Leuangthong
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Modeling ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Gaussian Simulation ◽  
Non Parametric

scholarly journals Evidence of hydrothermal fluid circulation driving elemental mass redistribution in an active fault zone

2021 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 104269
Author(s):  
Matthew T. Dorsey ◽  
Thomas K. Rockwell ◽  
Gary H. Girty ◽  
Giles A. Ostermeijer ◽  
John Browning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fault Zone ◽  
Hydrothermal Fluid ◽  
Active Fault ◽  
Fluid Circulation ◽  
Active Fault Zone ◽  
Mass Redistribution ◽  
Elemental Mass
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