Overlapping memory trace indispensable for linking, but not recalling, individual memories

Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 355 (6323) ◽  
pp. 398-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Yokose ◽  
Reiko Okubo-Suzuki ◽  
Masanori Nomoto ◽  
Noriaki Ohkawa ◽  
Hirofumi Nishizono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Stimulus ◽  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Taste Aversion ◽  
Conditioned Taste Aversion ◽  
Conditioned Response ◽  
Basolateral Amygdala ◽  
Memory Trace ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Associative Networks ◽  
Neuronal Ensemble

Memories are not stored in isolation from other memories but are integrated into associative networks. However, the mechanisms underlying memory association remain elusive. Using two amygdala-dependent behavioral paradigms—conditioned taste aversion (CTA) and auditory-cued fear conditioning (AFC)—in mice, we found that presenting the conditioned stimulus used for the CTA task triggered the conditioned response of the AFC task after natural coreactivation of the memories. This was accompanied through an increase in the overlapping neuronal ensemble in the basolateral amygdala. Silencing of the overlapping ensemble suppressed CTA retrieval-induced freezing. However, retrieval of the original CTA or AFC memory was not affected. A small population of coshared neurons thus mediates the link between memories. They are not necessary for recalling individual memories.

scholarly journals Memory Trace in Feeding Neural Circuitry Underlying Conditioned Taste Aversion in Lymnaea

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e43151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etsuro Ito ◽  
Emi Otsuka ◽  
Noriyuki Hama ◽  
Hitoshi Aonuma ◽  
Ryuichi Okada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Taste Aversion ◽  
Conditioned Taste Aversion ◽  
Memory Trace ◽  
Neural Circuitry

scholarly journals Conditioning Method Dramatically Alters the Role of Amygdala in Taste Aversion Learning

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 481-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn E. Schafe ◽  
Todd E. Thiele ◽  
Ilene L. Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Stimulus ◽  
Taste Aversion ◽  
Conditioned Taste Aversion ◽  
Aversion Learning ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Taste Aversion Learning ◽  
Response Component ◽  
Electrolytic Lesions ◽  
Amygdala Lesions

Although an important role for the amygdala in taste aversion learning has been suggested by work in a number of laboratories, results have been inconsistent and interpretations varied. The present series of studies reevaluated the role of the amygdala in taste aversion learning by examining the extent to which conditioning methods, testing methods and lesioning methods, influence whether amygdala lesions dramatically affect conditioned taste aversion (CTA) learning. Results indicated that when animals are conditioned with an intraoral (I/O) taste presentation, lesions of amygdala eliminate evidence of conditioning whether animals are tested intraorally or with a two-bottle solution presentation. Dramatic effects of amygdala lesions on CTA learning were seen whether lesions were made electrolytically or using an excitotoxin. In contrast, when animals were conditioned using bottle presentation of the taste, electrolytic lesions attenuated CTAs but did not eliminate them, and excitotoxic lesions had no effect. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that neural structures critical for CTA learning may differ depending on the extent to which the method of conditioned stimulus delivery incorporates a response component.

scholarly journals Long-delay learning in intraoral conditioned taste aversion

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Houpt ◽  
Jennifer A. Cassell ◽  
Stephanie McCormack ◽  
Bumsup Kwon ◽  
Gary Tiffany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Stimulus ◽  
Taste Aversion ◽  
Conditioned Taste Aversion ◽  
Stimulus Control ◽  
Dose Interval ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Interval Function ◽  
Cardinal Feature ◽  
Different Doses

The cardinal feature of conditioned taste aversion (CTA) learning is the ability of animals to associate the taste or flavor of a food (the conditioned stimulus; CS) with a subsequent toxic effect (unconditioned stimulus; US), even if the toxicity occurs hours later, i.e. after a long delay. Two experiments were conducted which took advantage of the stimulus control afforded by intraoral catheterization to establish the parameters of long-delay learning in intraoral CTA. First, to determine the range of CS-US intervals which supports intraoral conditioning, rats received infusions of 5% sucrose paired with LiCl (76 mg/kg, ip) across a range of delays (0-6 h). Second, to determine the interaction of US dose and delay, rats were conditioned with sucrose paired with different doses of LiCl (19, 38 or 76 mg/kg) at several CS-US intervals (0, 10, or 60 min). Conditioning, assessed during a second infusion of sucrose at 48 h post-conditioning, was optimal at 10 min (although not significantly different at intervals between 0 and 60 min). Effectiveness declined at longer delays, such that CTA was not supported at intervals of 3h or greater. The dose-interval function suggested that an increased US can compensate for a longer CS-US interval. Low doses of LiCl induced a long-term CTA at 0-min (19 and 38 mg/kg) or 10-min delays (38 mg/kg), but were not sufficient to induce CTA at longer delays, which required the highest dose (76 mg/kg).

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