Elevated trawling inside protected areas undermines conservation outcomes in a global fishing hot spot

Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 362 (6421) ◽  
pp. 1403-1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Dureuil ◽  
Kristina Boerder ◽  
Kirsti A. Burnett ◽  
Rainer Froese ◽  
Boris Worm
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Fishing Pressure ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Trawl Fishing ◽  
Global Biodiversity ◽  
Nonprotected Areas

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly used as a primary tool to conserve biodiversity. This is particularly relevant in heavily exploited fisheries hot spots such as Europe, where MPAs now cover 29% of territorial waters, with unknown effects on fishing pressure and conservation outcomes. We investigated industrial trawl fishing and sensitive indicator species in and around 727 MPAs designated by the European Union. We found that 59% of MPAs are commercially trawled, and average trawling intensity across MPAs is at least 1.4-fold higher as compared with nonprotected areas. Abundance of sensitive species (sharks, rays, and skates) decreased by 69% in heavily trawled areas. The widespread industrial exploitation of MPAs undermines global biodiversity conservation targets, elevating recent concerns about growing human pressures on protected areas worldwide.

Effects of marine protected areas under different management regimes in a hot spot of biodiversity and cumulative impacts from SW Atlantic

2021 ◽  
pp. 101951
Author(s):  
Fabio S. Motta ◽  
Rodrigo L. Moura ◽  
Leonardo M. Neves ◽  
Gabriel R.S. Souza ◽  
Fernando Z. Gibran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Cumulative Impacts ◽  
Management Regimes ◽  
Sw Atlantic

scholarly journals Developing best practice for using Marxan to locate Marine Protected Areas in European waters

2008 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Smith ◽  
Paul D. Eastwood ◽  
Yoshitaka Ota ◽  
Stuart I. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Conservation Planning ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Smith, R. J., Eastwood, P. D., Ota, Y., and Rogers, S. I. 2009. Developing best practice for using Marxan to locate Marine Protected Areas in European waters. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 188–194. Several recent studies have investigated the use of the conservation planning software Marxan to design Marine Protected Area (MPA) networks in UK waters. The systematic conservation planning approach embodied by Marxan has a number of advantages, but these studies have highlighted the need for guidance and advice on best practice. Here, we discuss two broad topics that we feel should inform future developments in the UK and elsewhere in the European Union. First, several technical issues need to be addressed to ensure the scientific defensibility of any conservation planning project. These include identifying which conservation features should be represented in an MPA system, developing a system for setting representation targets, and identifying which data should be included to minimize conflict with human uses of the sea. Second, it is necessary for researchers to engage at an early stage with those responsible for implementation and recognize that reserve selection should be part of a broader conservation planning process centred on a stakeholder-developed implementation strategy. A more-inclusive approach will make use of technical outputs, such as those generated by Marxan, as part of the process of policy development.

scholarly journals Checklist of seaweeds of Al-Hoceima National Park of Morocco (Mediterranean Marine Protected Area)

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 91-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanaa Moussa ◽  
Mustapha Hassoun ◽  
Ghizlane Salhi ◽  
Hanaa Zbakh ◽  
Hassane Riadi
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Green Alga ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
National Park ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Mediterranean Coast ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Al Hoceima

Abstract The Mediterranean basin is a marine biodiversity hot spot. Despite this, the macroalgal diversity of the Mediterranean Sea is still not fully known, especially in the Mediterranean Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) including, Al-Hoceima National Park of Morocco (PNAH). This paper provides the first comprehensive checklist of the seaweeds of PNAH, based chiefly on our own original collections, and complimented by literature records. Using present-day taxonomy, the total number of taxa at both specific and infraspecific levels currently accepted   is 306 taxa with 207 Rhodophyta (39 families), 51 Ochrophyta (13 families) and 48 Chlorophyta (12 families). Ninety five of these species were not found in our samples, 93 were new to the PNAH, and the taxonomic identity of 26 taxa was amended. From the totality of taxa, ten species were reported for the first time from Morocco: 9 Rhodophyta and one green alga. Furthermore, 12 others species (10 red, 1 brown and 1 green alga) are new records for the Mediterranean coast of Morocco. Besides this, confirmed records are mentioned for 20 species, whether in Africa, in Morocco or in the Moroccan Mediterranean coast. This accessible checklist to the international community could serve as an infrastructure for future algal investigations of the taxa in this Specially Protected Area of Mediterranean Importance. Key words: Al-Hoceima National Park, Checklist, Mediterranean Marine Protected Areas, Morocco, Seaweeds. Resumen Lista de algas marinas del Parque Nacional de Alhucemas en Marruecos (Área Marina Protegida del Mediterráneo) La cuenca del Mediterráneo es un Hot Spot de biodiversidad marina. Aún así, la diversidad de macroalgas del Mediterráneo no está plenamente conocida, especialmente en las Áreas Marinas Protegidas del Mediterráneo (AMP) incluido el Parque Nacional de Alhucemas en Marruecos (PNAH). Este documento proporciona la primera lista exhaustiva de las algas marinas del PNAH. Usando la taxonomía actual, el número total de taxones a niveles específicos y infraespecíficos actualmente aceptados es de 306 taxones con 207 Rhodophyta (39 familias), 51 Ochrophyta (13 familias) y 48 Chlorophyta (12 familias). Noventa y cinco de estas especies no se encontraron en nuestras muestras, 93 eran nuevas en el PNAH y se modificó la identidad taxonómica de 26 taxones. De la totalidad de las macroalgas, 10 especies (9 Rhodophyta y 1 Ulvophyceae) fueron registradas por primera vez desde Marruecos. Además, 12 otras especies (10 Rhodophyta, 1 Phaeophyceae y 1 Ulvophyceae) son nuevos registros para la costa mediterránea de Marruecos. También, se mencionan los registros confirmados de 20 especies, ya sea en África, en Marruecos o en la costa mediterránea marroquí. Esta lista de algas accesibles a la comunidad internacional podría servir como una infraestructura para futuras investigaciones algales de los taxones en esta zona especialmente protegida de importancia para el Mediterráneo. Palabras clave: Parque Nacional de Alhucemas, Lista de algas, Áreas Marinas Protegidas del Mediterráneo, Marruecos, Algas marinas. 

scholarly journals Expanding the Soy Moratorium to Brazil’s Cerrado

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. eaav7336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline C. Soterroni ◽  
Fernando M. Ramos ◽  
Aline Mosnier ◽  
Joseph Fargione ◽  
Pedro R. Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spot ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Direct Conversion ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Tropical Savanna ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cerrado Biome ◽  
Global Biodiversity ◽  
Original Area ◽  
Urgent Action

The Cerrado biome in Brazil is a tropical savanna and an important global biodiversity hot spot. Today, only a fraction of its original area remains undisturbed, and this habitat is at risk of conversion to agriculture, especially to soybeans. Here, we present the first quantitative analysis of expanding the Soy Moratorium (SoyM) from the Brazilian Amazon to the Cerrado biome. The SoyM expansion to the Cerrado would prevent the direct conversion of 3.6 million ha of native vegetation to soybeans by 2050. Nationally, this would require a reduction in soybean area of approximately 2%. Relative risk of future native vegetation conversion for soybeans would be driven by the Brazilian domestic market, China, and the European Union. We conclude that, to preserve the Cerrado’s biodiversity and ecosystem services, urgent action is required, including a zero native vegetation conversion agreement such as the SoyM.

scholarly journals Underprotected Marine Protected Areas in a Global Biodiversity Hotspot

One Earth ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Claudet ◽  
Charles Loiseau ◽  
Marta Sostres ◽  
Mirta Zupan
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Global Biodiversity

NEGOTIATING CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF MARINE BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY IN AREAS BEYOND NATIONAL JURISDICTION: PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-93
Author(s):  
Tullio Scovazzi
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Marine Biological ◽  
National Jurisdiction ◽  
The United Nations

Negotiations will start at the United Nations in order to draft an agreement on conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity beyond national jurisdiction. It will address, together and as a whole, marine genetic resources, including questions on the sharing of benefits, area-based management tools, including marine protected areas, environmental impact assessments, capacity building and transfer of marine technology. The new agreement would fill certain gaps currently existing in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. It could include provisions for strategic impact assessment of activities affecting the environment, the creation of a network of high seas marine protected areas of world importance and the establishment of a new regime for the exploitation of genetic resources. The question is open whether such a new regime should be based on the principle of the freedom of the seas, and in this case the very need of such a regime becomes questionable, or rather on the principle of common heritage of mankind. A third possibility involves a pragmatic approach, as proposed by the European Union and its Member States, an approach that however is still to be defined in its concrete elements.

scholarly journals Ecosystem-Based Management in Fiji: Successes and Challenges after Five Years of Implementation

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacy D. Jupiter ◽  
Daniel P. Egli
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Fish Biomass ◽  
Fishing Pressure ◽  
Visual Census ◽  
Underwater Visual Census ◽  
Visual Distance ◽  
Future Success ◽  
Successes And Challenges

In 2005, a network of 3 large, district-wide marine protected areas (MPAs) and 17 village-managed closures (tabu) was established in Kubulau District, Fiji. Underwater visual census (UVC) data of fish biomass and benthic cover were collected between 2007 and 2009 and analysed with PERMANOVA and ANOSIM to assess differences between closed and open areas. High reef fish biomass (>1000 kg/ha) within closures, significantly elevated over open areas, was consistently observed from: (1) tabu areas on naturally productive reefs within visual distance from villages; and (2) the large, long-term permanent closure located away from fishing pressure. Factors that may have contributed to low fish biomass within closures include small size of closures; noncompliance with management rules; and disclosure of management success to fishers from villages with high reliance on fisheries products. Future success of the network depends on improving awareness of management rules and ensuring implementation within a broader ecosystem framework.

scholarly journals Pre‐closure fishing pressure predicts effects of marine protected areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin M. Jaco ◽  
Mark A. Steele
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Fishing Pressure

Characterising essential breeding habitat for whales informs the development of large-scale Marine Protected Areas in the South Pacific

2016 ◽  
Vol 548 ◽  
pp. 263-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
RE Lindsay ◽  
R Constantine ◽  
J Robbins ◽  
DK Mattila ◽  
A Tagarino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
The South
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