A parapithecid stem anthropoid of African origin in the Paleogene of South America

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 368 (6487) ◽  
pp. 194-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik R. Seiffert ◽  
Marcelo F. Tejedor ◽  
John G. Fleagle ◽  
Nelson M. Novo ◽  
Fanny M. Cornejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
South America ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
New World ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
New World Monkeys ◽  
African Origin ◽  
Anthropoid Primate ◽  
Mammalian Lineage ◽  
Caviomorph Rodents

Phylogenetic evidence suggests that platyrrhine (or New World) monkeys and caviomorph rodents of the Western Hemisphere derive from source groups from the Eocene of Afro-Arabia, a landmass that was ~1500 to 2000 kilometers east of South America during the late Paleogene. Here, we report evidence for a third mammalian lineage of African origin in the Paleogene of South America—a newly discovered genus and species of parapithecid anthropoid primate from Santa Rosa in Amazonian Perú. Bayesian clock–based phylogenetic analysis nests this genus (Ucayalipithecus) deep within the otherwise Afro-Arabian clade Parapithecoidea and indicates that transatlantic rafting of the lineage leading to Ucayalipithecus likely took place between ~35 and ~32 million years ago, a dispersal window that includes the major worldwide drop in sea level that occurred near the Eocene-Oligocene boundary.

scholarly journals El mayor registro de elevación de Mustela frenata (Carnivora: Mustelidae) y distribución en el departamento de Calda, región andina de Colombia

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-9
Author(s):  
Sergio Escobar-Lasso ◽  
Margarita Gil-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South America ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Geographical Range ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern South America

The long-tailed weasel Mustela frenata Lichtenstein, 1831 has the greatest geographical range among mustelids in the western hemisphere (Harding & Dragoo 2012). The range of M. frenata extends from the north of the United States, near the Canadian border, to northern South America (Sheffield & Thomas 1997), from sea level to 3800 masl (Sheffield & Thomas 1997, Reid & Helgen 2008).

scholarly journals Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 129-175
Author(s):  
Christopher H. Dietrich ◽  
Dmitry A. Dmitriev
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
New World ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Branch Support ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

The 35 previously described species (including 4 junior synonyms) of the New World erythroneurine leafhopper genus Zyginama are reviewed and descriptions are provided for 43 new species, 2 from U.S.A., 26 from Mexico, 1 from Panama, and 14 from the Amazon region of South America. The following new synonyms are recognized: Z. aucta (McAtee) equals Erythroneura bilocularis Van Duzee, syn. n., and E. inclita Beamer, syn. n.; Z. nicholi (Beamer) equals E. canyonensis Beamer, syn. n., and E. ales Beamer, syn. n. Separate keys are provided for identification of males from North and South America, all known species are illustrated, and data on their distributions are summarized. Phylogenetic analysis of 40 morphological characters of the 71 species for which males are known yielded a reasonably well resolved estimate of relationships among the included species, but branch support was low overall.

Eocene primates of South America and the African origins of New World monkeys

Nature ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 520 (7548) ◽  
pp. 538-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano Bond ◽  
Marcelo F. Tejedor ◽  
Kenneth E. Campbell ◽  
Laura Chornogubsky ◽  
Nelson Novo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
New World ◽  
New World Monkeys

Endocranial asymmetry in New World monkeys: a comparative phylogenetic analysis of morphometric data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula N. Gonzalez ◽  
Mariana Vallejo-Azar ◽  
Leandro Aristide ◽  
Ricardo Lopes ◽  
Sergio F. dos Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New World ◽  
New World Monkeys ◽  
Morphometric Data ◽  
Comparative Phylogenetic Analysis

scholarly journals Middle Eocene rodents from Peruvian Amazonia reveal the pattern and timing of caviomorph origins and biogeography

2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1732) ◽  
pp. 1319-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Olivier Antoine ◽  
Laurent Marivaux ◽  
Darin A. Croft ◽  
Guillaume Billet ◽  
Morgan Ganerød ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
South American ◽  
African Origin ◽  
Small Rodents ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrate ◽  
Global Cooling ◽  
Initial Radiation ◽  
Caviomorph Rodents

The long-term isolation of South America during most of the Cenozoic produced a highly peculiar terrestrial vertebrate biota, with a wide array of mammal groups, among which caviomorph rodents and platyrrhine primates are Mid-Cenozoic immigrants. In the absence of indisputable pre-Oligocene South American rodents or primates, the mode, timing and biogeography of these extraordinary dispersals remained debated. Here, we describe South America's oldest known rodents, based on a new diverse caviomorph assemblage from the late Middle Eocene (approx. 41 Ma) of Peru, including five small rodents with three stem caviomorphs. Instead of being tied to the Eocene/Oligocene global cooling and drying episode (approx. 34 Ma), as previously considered, the arrival of caviomorphs and their initial radiation in South America probably occurred under much warmer and wetter conditions, around the Mid-Eocene Climatic Optimum. Our phylogenetic results reaffirm the African origin of South American rodents and support a trans-Atlantic dispersal of these mammals during Middle Eocene times. This discovery further extends the gap (approx. 15 Myr) between first appearances of rodents and primates in South America.

scholarly journals African origin for New World monkeys

Science ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 347 (6222) ◽  
pp. 624.6-625
Author(s):  
Carolyn Gramling
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
New World Monkeys ◽  
African Origin

Electroborus brighti: the first Hylesinini bark beetle described from Dominican amber (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 145 (5) ◽  
pp. 501-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony I. Cognato
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
New World ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
South American ◽  
Dominican Amber

AbstractElectroborus brighti, new genus, new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is described based on two specimens from Dominican amber, which represents the first Hylesinini found in Dominican amber. A phylogenetic analysis of 24 Hylesinini species and a Strombophorus Hagedorn species based on morphological characters suggests E. brighti is not related to the Neotropical genus Phloeoborus Erichson, but shares a close affinity to African Hylesinini genera. The discovery of this new genus adds to the evidence that tropical South America and Africa shared similar faunas throughout evolutionary history. Although many Old World taxa have become extinct in the New World, the existence of E. brighti among Recent faunas is a possibility, given that the South American and African scolytine faunas are relatively poorly studied.

scholarly journals Phylogeny and biogeography of some Cretaceous spatangoid echinoids with special emphasis on taxa from the Western Interior Seaway

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Steven Byrum ◽  
Bruce S. Lieberman
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Western Interior Seaway ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Character Matrix

Abstract Members of the echinoid order Spatangoida, a highly diverse and abundant marine invertebrate clade, were important denizens of the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway (WIS), an epicontinental seaway that divided North America in two during an interval of greenhouse conditions between roughly 100 and 65 million years ago. A phylogenetic analysis of spatangoids was conducted using a character matrix of 32 characters from 21 species. Species that occur in the WIS were considered comprehensively, and species from other regions such as South America, Europe, and North Africa were also incorporated into the analysis. Phylogenetic patterns retrieved are largely congruent with preexisting family-level classifications; however, species within several genera, especially Hemiaster and Heteraster, need to be reassigned so that classification better reflects phylogeny. The genera Washitaster and Heteraster are closely related, as are Mecaster, Palhemiaster, and Proraster; Pliotoxaster, Macraster, and Hemiaster; and Micraster and Diplodetus. Biogeographic patterns were also considered using the phylogeny, and several episodes of vicariance and range expansion were identified. These were possibly related to some of the various major episodes of sea-level rise and fall during the Cretaceous. In particular, Valangian–mid-Aptian regressions may have caused vicariance within Heteraster and Washitaster while other early spatangoid vicariance may be related to regressions during the late Aptian–early Cenomanian. Further, vicariance caused by regressions during the mid-Cenomanian–Maastrichtian may have driven diversification within Micraster and Diplodetus. Last, transgressions during the late Aptian–early Cenomanian seem to have spurred prominent range expansions in Mecaster and Hemiaster.

scholarly journals Serological evidence of infection with Tana and Yaba pox viruses among several species of monkey

1974 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Downie
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
New World ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
New World Monkeys ◽  
South American ◽  
Serological Evidence ◽  
Cynomolgus Monkeys

SUMMARYSera from cynomolgus monkeys from Malaysia, from Indian rhesus monkeys, from various species of monkeys from Africa and from South America have been examined for neutralizing antibody to Tanapox and Yaba viruses. No antibody was found to either virus in the sera of rhesus monkeys or South American monkeys. A certain proportion of sera from cynomolgus monkeys and various species of African monkey showed antibody to one or other of the viruses, but few of the positive sera showed antibody to both. The results would seem to suggest that infection with the two viruses is endemic in African and Malaysian monkeys but does not occur or is very rare in Indian rhesus and New World monkeys.

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