Erratum for the Research Article “Recent global decline of CO2 fertilization effects on vegetation photosynthesis” by S. Wang, Y. Zhang, W. Ju, J. M. Chen, P. Ciais, A. Cescatti, J. Sardans, I. A. Janssens, M. Wu, J. A. Berry, E. Campbell, M. Fernández-Martínez, R. Alkama, S. Sitch, P. Friedlingstein, W. K. Smith, W. Yuan, W. He, D. Lombardozzi, M. Kautz, D. Zhu, S. Lienert, E. Kato, B. Poulter, T. G. M. Sanders, I. Krüger, R. Wang, N. Zeng, H. Tian, N. Vuichard, A. K. Jain, A. Wiltshire, V. Haverd, D. S. Goll, J. Peñuelas

Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 371 (6529) ◽  
pp. eabg8637
Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 370 (6522) ◽  
pp. 1295-1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songhan Wang ◽  
Yongguang Zhang ◽  
Weimin Ju ◽  
Jing M. Chen ◽  
Philippe Ciais ◽  
...  

The enhanced vegetation productivity driven by increased concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) [i.e., the CO2 fertilization effect (CFE)] sustains an important negative feedback on climate warming, but the temporal dynamics of CFE remain unclear. Using multiple long-term satellite- and ground-based datasets, we showed that global CFE has declined across most terrestrial regions of the globe from 1982 to 2015, correlating well with changing nutrient concentrations and availability of soil water. Current carbon cycle models also demonstrate a declining CFE trend, albeit one substantially weaker than that from the global observations. This declining trend in the forcing of terrestrial carbon sinks by increasing amounts of atmospheric CO2 implies a weakening negative feedback on the climatic system and increased societal dependence on future strategies to mitigate climate warming.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Frankenberg ◽  
Yi Yin ◽  
Brendan Byrne ◽  
Liyin He ◽  
Pierre Gentine

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahui Guo ◽  
Wenxiang Wu ◽  
Mingzhu Du ◽  
Bryant ◽  
Li ◽  
...  

Increasing temperatures, greater carbon dioxide concentrations, and changes in related climatic variables will continue to affect the growth and yields of agricultural crops. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is extremely vulnerable to these climatic changes. Therefore, investigating the degree to which climate changes could influence rice yields and what effective adaptive strategies could be taken to mitigate the potential adverse impacts is of vital importance. In this article, the impacts of climate change on rice yields in Zhejiang province, China, were simulated under the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. The impacts of climate change, with and without CO2 fertilization effects, were evaluated and the three most effective adaptive measures were examined. Compared with the yield for the baseline time of 1981–2010, the simulated average yields of all cultivars were inevitably projected to decrease under both RCPs when the CO2 fertilization effects were not considered during the three periods of the 2020s (2011–2040), 2050s (2041–2070), and 2080s (2071–2099), respectively. Declines in rice yields were able to be alleviated when the CO2 fertilization effects were accounted for, but the yields were still lower than those of the baseline. Therefore, the three adaptive measures of advancing planting dates, switching to high-temperature-tolerant cultivars, and breeding new cultivars were simulated. The results indicated that adaptive measures could effectively mitigate the adverse effects of climate change. Although the simulation had uncertainties and limitations, the results provide useful insights into the potential impacts of climate change in Zhejiang province while also proposing adaptive measures.


This research article focuses on the theme of violence and its representation by the characters of the novel “This Savage Song” by Victoria Schwab. How violence is transmitted through genes to next generations and to what extent socio- psycho factors are involved in it, has also been discussed. Similarly, in what manner violent events and deeds by the parents affect the psychology of children and how it inculcates aggressive behaviour in their minds has been studied. What role is played by the parents in grooming the personality of children and ultimately their decisions to choose the right or wrong way has been argued. In the light of the theory of Judith Harris, this research paper highlights all the phenomena involved: How the social hierarchy controls the behaviour. In addition, the aggressive approach of the people in their lives has been analyzed in the light of the study of second theorist Thomas W Blume. As the novel is a unique representation of supernatural characters, the monsters, which are the products of some cruel deeds, this research paper brings out different dimensions of human sufferings with respect to these supernatural beings. Moreover, the researcher also discusses that, in what manner the curse of violence creates an inevitable vicious cycle of cruel monsters that makes the life of the characters turbulent and miserable.


2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthi B
Keyword(s):  

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