scholarly journals Impact of Human Serum Albumin on Oritavancin In Vitro Activity against Enterococci

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 2687-2689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey A. McKay ◽  
Sylvain Beaulieu ◽  
Ingrid Sarmiento ◽  
Francis F. Arhin ◽  
Thomas R. Parr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Time Kill ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Oritavancin is a lipoglycopeptide with activity against gram-positive pathogens including vancomycin-resistant enterococci. The impact of human serum albumin (HSA) on oritavancin activity against enterococci was compared to those of vancomycin, daptomycin, teicoplanin, and linezolid in vitro using MIC and time-kill methods. Oritavancin MICs increased between 0- and 8-fold in the presence of HSA. In time-kill assays with HSA, oritavancin retained activity, killing or inhibiting enterococci more rapidly than did comparators when peak concentrations were simulated.

Impact of human serum albumin on oritavancin in vitro activity against Staphylococcus aureus

2009 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis F. Arhin ◽  
Geoffrey A. McKay ◽  
Sylvain Beaulieu ◽  
Ingrid Sarmiento ◽  
Thomas. R. Parr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Human Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity

scholarly journals In Vitro Activity and Killing Effect of Uperin 3.6 against Gram-Positive Cocci Isolated from Immunocompromised Patients

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 3933-3936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Giacometti ◽  
Oscar Cirioni ◽  
Wojciech Kamysz ◽  
Carmela Silvestri ◽  
Alberto Licci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitro Activity ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Killing Effect ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

ABSTRACT The in vitro activity of uperin 3.6, alone or combined with six antibiotics, against gram-positive cocci, including Rhodococcus equi, methicillin-resistant staphylococci, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci, was investigated. All isolates were inhibited at concentrations of 1 to 16 mg/liter. Synergy was demonstrated when uperin 3.6 was combined with clarithromycin and doxycycline.

The Comparative in vitro Activity of Clinafloxacin and Other Antimicrobials against Vancomycin-Susceptible and Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci

Chemotherapy ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail S. Itokazu ◽  
Catherine Nathan ◽  
Radhika Hariharan ◽  
Jay R. Kostman ◽  
Sherwin A. Kabins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

scholarly journals Time-Kill and Synergism Studies of Ceftobiprole against Enterococcus faecalis, Including β-Lactamase-Producing and Vancomycin-Resistant Isolates

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 2043-2047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar A. Arias ◽  
Kavindra V. Singh ◽  
Diana Panesso ◽  
Barbara E. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Inoculum Concentration ◽  
High Inoculum ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Time Kill

ABSTRACT Ceftobiprole (BAL9141) is an investigational cephalosporin with broad in vitro activity against gram-positive cocci, including enterococci. Ceftobiprole MICs were determined for 93 isolates of Enterococcus faecalis (including 16 β-lactamase [Bla] producers and 17 vancomycin-resistant isolates) by an agar dilution method following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recommendations. Ceftobiprole MICs were also determined with a high inoculum concentration (107 CFU/ml) for a subset of five Bla producers belonging to different previously characterized clones by a broth dilution method. Time-kill and synergism studies (with either streptomycin or gentamicin) were performed with two β-lactamase-producing isolates (TX0630 and TX5070) and two vancomycin-resistant isolates (TX2484 [VanB] and TX2784 [VanA]). The MICs of ceftobiprole for 50 and 90% of the isolates tested were 0.25 and 1 μg/ml, respectively. All Bla producers and vancomycin-resistant isolates were inhibited by concentrations of ≤1 and ≤4 μg/ml, respectively, at the standard inoculum concentration. Ceftobiprole MICs at a high inoculum concentration for a subset of five Bla+ E. faecalis isolates were ≤1 μg/ml. Bactericidal activity was observed against four isolates tested at concentrations as low as 1 μg/ml regardless of the production of β-lactamase or vancomycin resistance. A combination of ceftobiprole (0.5 μg/ml) and streptomycin (25 μg/ml) was synergistic against Bla+ TX0630 and TX5070. Ceftobiprole (0.5 μg/ml) plus gentamicin (10 μg/ml) was synergistic against VanB isolate TX2484 and showed enhanced killing, but not synergism, against TX2784 (VanA), despite the absence of high-level resistance to gentamicin. In conclusion, ceftobiprole exhibited good in vitro activity against E. faecalis, including Bla+ and vancomycin-resistant strains, and exhibited synergism with aminoglycosides against selected isolates.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Ceftriaxone Compared with Cefotaxime in the Presence of Serum Albumin

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swapan K Nath ◽  
Gary A Foster ◽  
Lionel A Mandell ◽  
Coleman Rotstein
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Human Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bactericidal Activities ◽  
Time Kill

The effect of serum albumin on the antimicrobial activity of ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, and a 1:1 ratio of cefotaxime and its desacetyl metabolite against nonpseudomonal Gram-negative bacilli was determined. Antimicrobial activity of drugs was evaluated by measuring minimum inhibitory (mic) and bactericidal (mbc) concentrations in broth with and without human serum albumin. The analysis of logarithmically transformed meanmics andmbcs showed that there was a highly significant interaction between drug and serum albumin (P<0.0001). The inhibitory and bactericidal activities were greatest for cefotaxime followed by cefotaxime/desacetylcefotaxime and ceftriaxone (P<0.01). Time-kill kinetics demonstrated that ceftriaxone was less bactericidal than cefotaxime in broth with albumin. On the basis of these results it was concluded that the in vitro antimicrobial activity of ceftriaxone compared with that of cefotaxime was significantly diminished in the presence of serum albumin.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activity of Telavancin against Gram-Positive Clinical Isolates Recently Obtained in Europe

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 3420-3424 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. T. M. Jansen ◽  
A. Verel ◽  
J. Verhoef ◽  
D. Milatovic
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Viridans Streptococci ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Group A ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

ABSTRACT The in vitro activity of telavancin was tested against 620 gram-positive isolates. For staphylococci, MICs at which 50 and 90% of isolates were inhibited (MIC50 and MIC90) were both 0.25 μg/ml, irrespective of methicillin resistance. MIC50 and MIC90 were 0.25 and 0.5 μg/ml for vancomycin-susceptible enterococci and 1 and 2 μg/ml for vancomycin-resistant enterococci, respectively. Streptococcus pneumoniae, group A and B beta-hemolytic streptococci, and viridans streptococci were inhibited by ≤0.12 μg/ml.

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