scholarly journals Comparison of In Vitro Activity of Liposomal Nystatin againstAspergillus Species with Those of Nystatin, Amphotericin B (AB) Deoxycholate, AB Colloidal Dispersion, Liposomal AB, AB Lipid Complex, and Itraconazole

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1264-1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. Oakley ◽  
Caroline B. Moore ◽  
David W. Denning
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Colloidal Dispersion ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Lipid Complex

ABSTRACT We compared the in vitro activity of liposomal nystatin (Nyotran) with those of other antifungal agents against 60Aspergillus isolates. Twelve isolates were itraconazole resistant. For all isolates, geometric mean (GM) MICs (micrograms per milliliter) were 2.30 for liposomal nystatin, 0.58 for itraconazole, 0.86 for amphotericin B (AB) deoxycholate, 9.51 for nystatin, 2.07 for liposomal AB, 2.57 for AB lipid complex, and 0.86 for AB colloidal dispersion. Aspergillus terreus (GM, 8.72 μg/ml; range, 8 to 16 μg/ml) was significantly less susceptible to all of the polyene drugs than all other species (P = 0.0001).

scholarly journals In vitro activity of SCH-56592 and comparison with activities of amphotericin B and itraconazole against Aspergillus spp.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1124-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
K L Oakley ◽  
C B Moore ◽  
D W Denning
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Drug Concentration ◽  
Antifungal Agent ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Reproducibility Study

In this study, we investigated the in vitro activity of SCH-56592 (SCH), a new triazole antifungal agent. We compared the activity of SCH with those of itraconazole (ITZ) and amphotericin B (AB) against 60 clinical isolates of Aspergillus spp. by using a microtiter format. Incubation was done at 37 degrees C for 48 h, and MIC endpoints (no growth) were read visually. The medium used for all of the drugs was RPMI 1640 buffered with morpholinepropanesulfonic acid (MOPS) and supplemented with 2% glucose. MICs and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs; killing of > or = 99.99%) were measured for all isolates. The geometric mean (GM) MICs and ranges (in micrograms per milliliter) were as follows: SCH, 0.09 and < or = 0.01 to 1; ITZ, 0.25 and 0.06 to 32; AB, 1.46 and 0.25 to 32. Aspergillus terreus (n = 7) was markedly more susceptible to SCH (GM, 0.05 microg/ml) and ITZ (GM, 0.07 microg/ml) than to AB (GM, 8.8 microg/ml). For all isolates, the GM MFCs and ranges (in micrograms per milliliter) were as follows: SCH, 3.64 and 0.125 to 16; ITZ, 15.09 and 0.125 to 32; AB, 10.3 and 1 to 32. In the drug concentration range tested, 71, 32, and 64% of the isolates against which SCH, ITZ, and AB, respectively, were tested were killed. A reproducibility study was performed with 20% of the isolates; for 11 of the 12 isolates retested, the MIC was the same or within 1 well of the original MIC of each drug. Therefore, in vitro mould testing of SCH is feasible and reproducible. SCH was found to be very active against all species of Aspergillus and at lower concentrations than either ITZ or AB.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activities of Terbinafine againstAspergillus Species in Comparison with Those of Itraconazole and Amphotericin B

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1882-1885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline B. Moore ◽  
Caroline M. Walls ◽  
David W. Denning
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
Clinical Correlation ◽  
In Vitro Activity

ABSTRACT Compared with the in vitro activities of itraconazole (geometric mean MIC [GM], 0.56 μg/ml) and amphotericin B (GM, 0.66 μg/ml), the in vitro activity of terbinafine was inferior againstAspergillus fumigatus (GM, 19.03 μg/ml) (P < 0.05) and superior against A. flavus(GM, 0.10 μg/ml), A. terreus (GM, 0.16 μg/ml), andA. niger (GM, 0.19 μg/ml). Clinical correlation is required, as trailing endpoints are problematic.

In vitro activity of BMS-181184 compared with those of fluconazole and amphotericin B against various candida spp.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 2229-2231 ◽  
Author(s):  
H M Wardle ◽  
D Law ◽  
D W Denning
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
New Class ◽  
Microdilution Method

We compared the in vitro activity of BMS-181184, the first compound of a new class of antifungal agents, the pradimicins, with those of fluconazole and amphotericin B against 64 clinical isolates of Candida species. MICs were determined by a microdilution method with high resolution medium for BMS-181184 and fluconazole and antibiotic medium no. 3 with 2% glucose for amphotericin B. MICs of BMS-181184 for all yeasts were in the range of 0.78 to 12.5 micrograms/ml. BMS-181184 was active against isolates resistant to other antifungal agents, consistent with a novel mode of action. Minimum fungicidal concentrations for 16 isolates showed that BMS-181184 was fungicidal. Clinical studies are now required to confirm its activity.

scholarly journals In Vitro Susceptibilities of 217 Clinical Isolates of Zygomycetes to Conventional and New Antifungal Agents

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 2587-2590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos G. Almyroudis ◽  
Deanna A. Sutton ◽  
Annette W. Fothergill ◽  
Michael G. Rinaldi ◽  
Shimon Kusne
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Cunninghamella Bertholletiae

ABSTRACT We evaluated the in vitro susceptibilities of 217 zygomycetes to amphotericin B, ketoconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, caspofungin, and flucytosine. The significant in vitro activity of posaconazole against several species appears to support its reported clinical efficacy. Decreased susceptibility to amphotericin B was noted with Cunninghamella bertholletiae.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activities of Three Licensed Antifungal Agents against Spanish Clinical Isolates of Aspergillus spp

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 3085-3088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Gomez-Lopez ◽  
Guillermo Garcia-Effron ◽  
Emilia Mellado ◽  
Araceli Monzon ◽  
Juan L. Rodriguez-Tudela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Skin Samples

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to identify retrospectively trends in the species distributions and the susceptibility patterns of Aspergillus species causing fungal infections in Spanish medical centers from 2000 to 2002. The susceptibilities of 338 isolates to amphotericin B, itraconazole, and voriconazole were tested. Aspergillus fumigatus was the most common species (54.7%), followed by Aspergillus terreus (14.8%) and Aspergillus flavus (13.9%). Non-A. fumigatus species were encountered in 45.3% of the samples studied. The majority of Aspergillus isolates were obtained from respiratory tract specimens, followed by ear and skin samples. The geometric mean (GM) MIC of amphotericin B was 0.56 μg/ml, and the amphotericin B MIC was >2 μg/ml for 16 isolates (4.7%). Nine of them were A. terreus. The GM MIC of itraconazole was 0.37, and the itraconazole MIC was >4 μg/ml for 12 (3.5%) isolates. The voriconazole MICs were also high for 8 of the 12 strains for which itraconazole MICs were high (voriconazole MIC range, 2 to 8 μg/ml).

In Vitro Activity of the Echinocandin Antifungal Agent LY303,366 in Comparison with Itraconazole and Amphotericin B against Aspergillus spp

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 2726-2730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. Oakley ◽  
Caroline B. Moore ◽  
David W. Denning
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Antifungal Agent ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
End Point ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Reproducibility Study ◽  
Minimal Effective Concentration

ABSTRACT LY303,366 (LY) is a novel derivative of the echinocandin class of antifungal agents. The in vitro activities of LY, itraconazole (ITZ), and amphotericin B (AMB) were assessed against 60Aspergillus isolates, including 35 isolates of A. fumigatus, eight isolates of A. terreus, eight isolates of A. flavus, eight isolates of A. niger and one isolate of A. nidulans. Four A. fumigatus isolates were resistant to ITZ. Susceptibility testing for all drugs was performed with a broth microdilution procedure. LY was tested in two media: antibiotic medium 3 (AM3) and Casitone with 2% glucose (CAS) with an inoculum of 2 × 103spores/ml. ITZ and AMB were tested in RPMI 1640 with 2% glucose with an inoculum of 1 × 106 spores/ml. All tests were incubated at 37°C for 48 h. A novel end point was used to determine a minimal effective concentration (MEC) for LY, i.e., almost complete inhibition of growth save a few tiny spherical colonies attached to the microplate. MICs were measured for ITZ and AMB with a no-growth end point. Ranges and geometric mean (GM) MECs were from 0.0018 to >0.5 and 0.0039 mg/liter and from 0.0018 to >0.5 and 0.008 mg/liter for LY in AM3 and LY in CAS, respectively. Differences between species were apparent, with A. flavus being significantly less susceptible to LY than any other species tested with both media (P ≤ 0.05). Ranges and GM MICs were from 0.125 to >16 and 0.7 mg/liter for ITZ and from 0.25 to 16 and 1.78 mg/liter for AMB. Minimal fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) were also determined for all drugs. GM MFCs were 0.018, 0.09, 19.76, and 12.64 mg/liter for LY in AM3, LY in CAS, ITZ, and AMB, respectively. LY in AM3 and LY in CAS were fungicidal for 86.7 and 68% of isolates, respectively (98% killing). In comparison, ITZ and AMB were fungicidal for 35 and 70% of isolates, respectively (99.99% killing). A reproducibility study was performed on 20% of the isolates. For 12 isolates retested, the MEC or MIC was the same or was within 1 dilution of the original value for 11, 11, 10, and 9 isolates for LY in AM3, LY in CAS, ITZ, and AMB, respectively. In conclusion, LY seems to be a promising antifungal agent with excellent in vitro activity against Aspergillusspp.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activity of the New Azole Isavuconazole (BAL4815) Compared with Six Other Antifungal Agents against 162 Cryptococcus neoformans Isolates from Cuba

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 1580-1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria-Teresa Illnait-Zaragozi ◽  
Gerardo F. Martínez ◽  
Ilse Curfs-Breuker ◽  
Carlos M. Fernández ◽  
Teun Boekhout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity

ABSTRACT Cuban Cryptococcus isolates (n = 165) were tested in vitro against amphotericin B, flucytosine, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, and isavuconazole, giving MIC90 values of 0.25, 8, 4, 0.25, 0.125, 0.016, and 0.016 μg/ml, respectively. Isavuconazole and posaconazole seem to be potentially active drugs for treating cryptococcal infections.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activities of Ravuconazole and Voriconazole Compared with Those of Four Approved Systemic Antifungal Agents against 6,970 Clinical Isolates of Candida spp

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1723-1727 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Pfaller ◽  
S. A. Messer ◽  
R. J. Hollis ◽  
R. N. Jones ◽  
D. J. Diekema
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Dose Dependent

ABSTRACT The in vitro activities of ravuconazole and voriconazole were compared with those of amphotericin B, flucytosine (5FC), itraconazole, and fluconazole against 6,970 isolates of Candida spp. obtained from over 200 medical centers worldwide. Both ravuconazole and voriconazole were very active against all Candida spp. (MIC at which 90% of the isolates tested are inhibited [MIC90], 0.25 μg/ml; 98% of MICs were ≤1 μg/ml); however, a decrease in the activities of both of these agents was noted among isolates that were susceptible-dose dependent (fluconazole MIC, 16 to 32 μg/ml) and resistant (MIC, ≥ 64 μg/ml) to fluconazole. Candida albicans was the most susceptible species (MIC90 of both ravuconazole and voriconazole, 0.03 μg/ml), and C. glabrata was the least susceptible species (MIC90, 1 to 2 μg/ml). Ravuconazole and voriconazole were each more active in vitro than amphotericin B, 5FC, itraconazole, and fluconazole against all Candida spp. and were the only agents with good in vitro activity against C. krusei. These results provide further evidence for the spectrum and potency of ravuconazole and voriconazole against a large and geographically diverse collection of Candida spp.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activity of the New Triazole BMS-207147 againstAspergillus Species in Comparison with Itraconazole and Amphotericin B

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline B. Moore ◽  
Caroline M. Walls ◽  
David W. Denning
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
High Concentrations

ABSTRACT The in vitro activity of BMS-207147 against 80 clinical isolates ofAspergillus was compared with that of itraconazole and amphotericin B, using a validated microtiter method. Geometric mean MICs (in μg/ml) were as follows: 1.71 for BMS-207147, 0.67 for itraconazole, and 0.63 for amphotericin B. The range of concentrations of each drug was 0.125 to >16 μg/ml. Aspergillus fumigatus was significantly more susceptible to BMS-207147 (P < 0.05) than A. terreusand A. flavus. No BMS-207147-resistant A. fumigatus isolates were identified, though eight itraconazole-resistant (MIC, >8 μg/ml) isolates were. BMS-207147 is active against Aspergillus spp. at slightly high concentrations compared with itraconazole and amphotericin B.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activities of Approved and Investigational Antifungal Agents against 44 Clinical Isolates of Basidiomycetous Fungi

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 633-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria M. González ◽  
Deanna A. Sutton ◽  
Elizabeth Thompson ◽  
Rolando Tijerina ◽  
Michael G. Rinaldi
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Bjerkandera Adusta

ABSTRACT The in vitro activity of amphotericin B, fluconazole, flucytosine, itraconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole was evaluated against 44 clinical isolates of filamentous basidiomycetous fungi. No statistically significant differences were noted betweenSchizophyllum commune (n = 5),Coprinus species (n = 8),Bjerkandera adusta (n = 14), and sterile, uncharacterized basidiomycetes (n = 17).

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