scholarly journals Eradication of Biofilm-Forming Staphylococcus epidermidis (RP62A) by a Combination of Sodium Salicylate and Vancomycin

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 3262-3266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy E. Polonio ◽  
Leonard A. Mermel ◽  
Gregory E. Paquette ◽  
Jay F. Sperry
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Sodium Salicylate ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Polystyrene Beads ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Virulence Attribute

ABSTRACT Staphylococcus epidermidis is a major cause of infections associated with indwelling medical devices. Biofilm production is an important virulence attribute in the pathogenesis of device-related infections. Therefore, elimination of these biofilms is an ideal treatment. Salicylate (5 mM) combined with 1 μg of vancomycin per ml inhibited biofilm formation by S. epidermidis (RP62A) by ≥99.9%. When biofilm-coated polystyrene beads were exposed to 5 mM sodium salicylate and 4 μg of vancomycin per ml (one-half the minimum biofilm eradication concentration), there was a >99.9% reduction in viable count.

scholarly journals Conversion of Staphylococcus epidermidis Strains from Commensal to Invasive by Expression of the ica Locus Encoding Production of Biofilm Exopolysaccharide

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 3188-3191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hualin Li ◽  
Lin Xu ◽  
Jianping Wang ◽  
Yumei Wen ◽  
Cuong Vuong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Venous Catheter ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Polysaccharide Intercellular Adhesin ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Central Venous Catheter Infection

ABSTRACT To test if biofilm formation in Staphylococcus epidermidis is dependent on the polysaccharide intercellular adhesin, whose biosynthesis is driven by the ica locus, a plasmid containing the ica locus was transferred to three ica-negative strains. Using in vitro biofilm assays and a rat central venous catheter infection model, we confirmed the importance of the ica locus for biofilm production and pathogenesis of S. epidermidis.

Biological Properties of Ti-Si-C-O-N Thin Films

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 99-114
Author(s):  
Mariana Henriques ◽  
Maria Susano ◽  
Isabel Carvalho ◽  
Isabel Ferreri ◽  
Sandra Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Nitrogen Partial Pressure ◽  
Reactive Magnetron ◽  
The One ◽  
Ti Content

The main aim of this work was to study the feasibility of new coatings for medical devices. Ti-Si-C-O-N films were deposited by DC unbalanced reactive magnetron sputtering, using different oxygen and nitrogen partial pressure ratios (pO2/pN2). Surface properties were also analysed. Staphylococcus epidermidis was used to study biofilm formation and cytotoxicity was determined using fibroblasts. Surface morphology changed with the increase of pO2/pN2. Samples of high hydrophobicity displayed opposite behaviour in terms of biofilm formation, presenting the highest and lowest biomass. Moreover, the sample with the highest Ti content was the one, with the lowest biofilm amount, raising the possibility of a correlation between Ti and biofilm formation capability. In fact, this sample also displayed the highest degree of cytotoxicity (near 35%). This work shows the feasibility of the proposed coatings and highlights the importance of joining together both biological properties (biofilm formation and cytotoxicity) with the surface characterization.

scholarly journals Comparison of Microbiological Examination by Test Tube and Congo Red Agar Methods to Detect Biofilm Production on Clinical Isolates

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Dewi Klarita Furtuna ◽  
Kartuti Debora ◽  
Eddy Bagus Warsito
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Microtiter Plate Assay ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Agar Method

Biofilm on medical devices can cause significant diseases and deaths and give a large effecton disease transmission among patients and health providers and potentially increasethe cost of patient treatment. By knowing the presence of biofilm on a patient, one can differentiate the treatment management for that particular patient from the patients without biofilm on their medical device. The purpose of this study was to obtain diagnostic method to detect biofilm formation on isolates from the medical devices by simple method that is easy to do and can be applied in resource-limited microbiology laboratory. 36 specimens obtained from IV Line, CVC, urinary catheter and ETT were grown on Muller Hinton agar and continued with 3 methods, i.e., Test Tube method, Congo Red Agar method and Microtiter Plate Assay method. Results of this study showed Test Tube (nephelometer), Test Tube (visual) and Congo Red Agar in order to have the same sensitivity of 100% but has higher specificity compared to Test Tube method (visual) and Congo Red Agar method in detecting biofilm production on isolates from medical devices that had been plugged into patients body. The biofilm formation inside devices depends on factors, i.e., host, device and the microorganism itself.

scholarly journals Nitazoxanide Inhibits Biofilm Formation by Staphylococcus epidermidis by Blocking Accumulation on Surfaces

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 2767-2774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Tchouaffi-Nana ◽  
T. Eric Ballard ◽  
Christine H. Cary ◽  
Timothy L. Macdonald ◽  
Costi D. Sifri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Indwelling Catheters ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
Antiparasitic Drug ◽  
Zinc Salts ◽  
Microaerobic Conditions ◽  
Static Conditions ◽  
Hospital Acquired

ABSTRACT Coagulase-negative species of Staphylococcus are often associated with opportunistic hospital-acquired infections that arise from the colonization of indwelling catheters. Here we show that the antiparasitic drug nitazoxanide (NTZ) and its active metabolite, tizoxanide (TIZ), are inhibitory to the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis and other staphylococci, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, under aerobic and microaerobic conditions (MICs, 8 to 16 μg/ml). At sub-MIC levels, NTZ and TIZ also inhibited biofilm production under static conditions by strains of S. epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus with a 50% inhibitory concentration of ∼2.5 μg/ml (8 μM). The 5-nitro group was required for biological activity, and a hydrophilic derivative of NTZ (AMIX) also inhibited biofilm formation. NTZ did not disperse the existing biofilm but did block further accumulation. Sub-MICs of NTZ had no effect on primary attachment to surfaces at either 4 or 37°C. The inhibitory action of NTZ and TIZ, but not vancomycin, on biofilm production could be reversed by the addition of zinc salts (2.5 to 40 μM) but not other metals, suggesting that NTZ might target the zinc-dependent accumulation-associated protein (Aap) that mediates accumulation on surfaces. However, neither NTZ nor TIZ formed chelation complexes with zinc salts, based on spectrophotometric and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses, and addition of excess zinc to NTZ-grown bacteria (apo-Aap) did not restore the accumulation phenotype. Our studies suggest that sub-MIC levels of NTZ may affect the assembly or function of cell structures associated with the biofilm phenotype.

scholarly journals Influence of Sub-Inhibitory Concentrations of Antimicrobial Agents on Biofilm Formation in Indwelling Medical Devices

2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1181-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Henriques ◽  
N. Cerca ◽  
J. Azeredo ◽  
R. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Microbial Agents ◽  
Strain Dependent ◽  
Control Samples

Biofilms of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida spp. are two of the most frequent factors of infections associated with the use of indwelling medical devices. Several strategies have been proposed and/or developed to prevent infection. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of sub-inhibitory concentrations of anti-microbial agents on biofilm formation. Biofilms of three strains of S. epidermidis and two of both Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis were formed in the presence of three antibiotics and two antifungal agents respectively. Based on the control samples, the percentage of biofilm formation inhibition by the different agents was determined and compared. The results showed that the influence of the antibacterial and antifungal agents tested is strain dependent, with the effect of the different agents also varying among strains, even though they have the same mechanism of action.

scholarly journals Sub-Inhibitory Concentrations of Rifampicin Strongly Stimulated Biofilm Production in S. aureus

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agostinho Alves Lima-e-Silva ◽  
Renato Geraldo Silva-Filho ◽  
Henry Marcel Zalona Fernandes ◽  
Carmen Soares Meirelles Saramago ◽  
Alice Slotfeldt Viana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Proteinase K ◽  
Implantable Medical Devices ◽  
Sodium Metaperiodate ◽  
Microtiter Plate Assay ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Very High

Background and Objectives:Staphylococcus aureusis an important pathogen and a frequent cause of infections associated with biofilm production in implantable medical devices. Biofilm production can be induced by sub-inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of certain antibiotics, but few studies have researched this occurrence inS. aureus. In this study, we investigated the effect of sub-MICs of rifampicin and minocycline on biofilm production by five clinical and five non-clinicalS. aureusisolates.Methods:Microtiter Plate assay and Congo Red Agar Test were used to analyze the biofilm production. The biofilm composition was evaluated by the detachment assay with sodium metaperiodate and proteinase K.Results:Rifampicin sub-MICs induced very high biofilm formation in seven isolates that were non-producers in Tryptic Soy Broth. In one producer isolate, the biofilm formation level was not affected by sub-MICs of this drug. Sub-MICs of minocycline did not induce biofilm production in all isolates tested and in two producer isolates, instead, MIC/2 and MIC/4 inhibited biofilm production. The results of the drugs in combination were similar to those with rifampicin alone. The biofilm matrix was identified as polysaccharide, except for one producer isolate, classified as proteinaceous. Polysaccharide biofilm producer isolates, when grown on Congo Red Agar without sucrose, but with sub-MICs of rifampicin, showed results in agreement with those obtained in Microtiter Plate Test.Conclusion:The high biofilm production induced by sub-MICs of rifampicin has potential clinical relevance, because this is one of the drugs commonly used in the impregnation of catheters. In addition, it is used adjunctively to treat certainS. aureusinfections.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilm by Trimethylsilane Plasma Coating

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 5923-5937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yibao Ma ◽  
Meng Chen ◽  
John E. Jones ◽  
Andrew C. Ritts ◽  
Qingsong Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Plasma Coating ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Implantable Medical Devices ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Coated Surfaces ◽  
Biofilm Development

ABSTRACTBiofilm formation on implantable medical devices is a major impediment to the treatment of nosocomial infections and promotes local progressive tissue destruction.Staphylococcus epidermidisinfections are the leading cause of biofilm formation on indwelling devices. Bacteria in biofilms are highly resistant to antibiotic treatment, which in combination with the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance among human pathogens further complicates treatment of biofilm-related device infections. We have developed a novel plasma coating technology. Trimethylsilane (TMS) was used as a monomer to coat the surfaces of 316L stainless steel and grade 5 titanium alloy, which are widely used in implantable medical devices. The results of biofilm assays demonstrated that this TMS coating markedly decreasedS. epidermidisbiofilm formation by inhibiting the attachment of bacterial cells to the TMS-coated surfaces during the early phase of biofilm development. We also discovered that bacterial cells on the TMS-coated surfaces were more susceptible to antibiotic treatment than their counterparts in biofilms on uncoated surfaces. These findings suggested that TMS coating could result in a surface that is resistant to biofilm development and also in a bacterial community that is more sensitive to antibiotic therapy than typical biofilms.

Role of Phenol-Soluble Modulins in Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilm Formation and Infection of Indwelling Medical Devices

2019 ◽  
Vol 431 (16) ◽  
pp. 3015-3027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Y. Le ◽  
Amer E. Villaruz ◽  
Yue Zheng ◽  
Lei He ◽  
Emilie L. Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Biofilm Formation

scholarly journals Effect of Subinhibitory Antibiotic Concentrations on Polysaccharide Intercellular Adhesin Expression in Biofilm-Forming Staphylococcus epidermidis

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 3357-3363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shwan Rachid ◽  
Knut Ohlsen ◽  
Wolfgang Witte ◽  
Jörg Hacker ◽  
Wilma Ziebuhr
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
External Stress ◽  
Polysaccharide Intercellular Adhesin ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Fold Induction ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Subinhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Beta Galactosidase

ABSTRACT Biofilm production is an important step in the pathogenesis ofStaphylococcus epidermidis polymer-associated infections and depends on the expression of the icaADBC operon leading to the synthesis of a polysaccharide intercellular adhesin. A chromosomally encoded reporter gene fusion between the icapromoter and the beta-galactosidase gene lacZ fromEscherichia coli was constructed and used to investigate the influence of both environmental factors and subinhibitory concentrations of different antibiotics on ica expression in S. epidermidis. It was shown that S. epidermidis biofilm formation is induced by external stress (i.e., high temperature and osmolarity). Subinhibitory concentrations of tetracycline and the semisynthetic streptogramin antibiotic quinupristin-dalfopristin were found to enhance icaexpression 9- to 11-fold, whereas penicillin, oxacillin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, gentamicin, ofloxacin, vancomycin, and teicoplanin had no effect on ica expression. A weak (i.e., 2.5-fold) induction of ica expression was observed for subinhibitory concentrations of erythromycin. The results were confirmed by Northern blot analyses of ica transcription and quantitative analyses of biofilm formation in a colorimetric assay.

scholarly journals Enzymatic Detachment of Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilms

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 2633-2636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey B. Kaplan ◽  
Chandran Ragunath ◽  
Kabilan Velliyagounder ◽  
Daniel H. Fine ◽  
Narayanan Ramasubbu
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Periodontal Pathogen ◽  
Positive Bacterium ◽  
Spectrum Activity ◽  
Antibiofilm Agents ◽  
Plastic Surfaces ◽  
Broad Spectrum Activity ◽  
Extracellular Slime

ABSTRACT The gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis is the most common cause of infections associated with catheters and other indwelling medical devices. S. epidermidis produces an extracellular slime that enables it to form adherent biofilms on plastic surfaces. We found that a biofilm-releasing enzyme produced by the gram-negative periodontal pathogen Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans rapidly and efficiently removed S. epidermidis biofilms from plastic surfaces. The enzyme worked by releasing extracellular slime from S. epidermidis cells. Precoating surfaces with the enzyme prevented S. epidermidis biofilm formation. Our findings demonstrate that biofilm-releasing enzymes can exhibit broad-spectrum activity and that these enzymes may be useful as antibiofilm agents.

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